• [转]docker之Dockerfile实践


    本文转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/jsonhc/p/7767669.html

    上一篇介绍了Dockerfile中使用的指令,现在开始进行指令实践

    先查看下本地的镜像,选一个作为base image:

    [root@docker ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    wadeson/centos_nginx   v1                  210a202d37b8        2 hours ago         464MB
    nginx                  latest              c59f17fe53b0        4 days ago          108MB
    ubuntu                 latest              747cb2d60bbe        3 weeks ago         122MB
    centos                 latest              196e0ce0c9fb        6 weeks ago         197MB

    在某一个目录下面创建一个专门存放此demo的目录,也就是Dockerfile所在的context:

    复制代码
    [root@docker ~]# mkdir docker_demo
    [root@docker ~]# cd docker_demo/
    [root@docker docker_demo]# touch Dockerfile
    [root@docker docker_demo]# pwd
    /root/docker_demo
    [root@docker docker_demo]# ll
    total 0
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov  1 04:34 Dockerfile
    复制代码

    接下来就开始编写Dockerfile文件了(注意Dockerfile的D需要大写)

    这里以编译nginx提供web服务来构建新的镜像

    1、下载nginx源码包到docker_demo这个目录下:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# ll
    total 960
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root      0 Nov  1 04:34 Dockerfile
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 981687 Oct 17 09:20 nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

    2、以下是编写好的Dockerfile v1版:

    复制代码

    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos

    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com

    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src

    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx

    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2

    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install

    EXPOSE 80

    复制代码

    3、查看docker_demo目录情况:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# ll
    total 964
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1112 Nov  1 04:58 Dockerfile
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 981687 Oct 17 09:20 nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

    4、执行docker build进行构建:

    docker build -t centos_nginx:v1 .

    后面的.代表的是相对路径的当前目录,如果需要全路径则为/root/docker_demo(就是找到Dockerfile文件)

    构建成功后,查看新构建的镜像:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker images         
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos_nginx           v1                  78d18f16e757        4 hours ago         464MB
    wadeson/centos_nginx   v1                  210a202d37b8        7 hours ago         464MB
    nginx                  latest              c59f17fe53b0        4 days ago          108MB
    ubuntu                 latest              747cb2d60bbe        3 weeks ago         122MB
    centos                 latest              196e0ce0c9fb        6 weeks ago         197MB
    复制代码

    5、然后使用构建的镜像启动一个container并开启nginx服务:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d centos_nginx:v1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"
    ea5af922378356a5ebff60992f000b186b09d1e8d6a4915b0b8ccf997ca12404

    然后查看启动的container是否在运行:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    ea5af9223783        centos_nginx:v1     "/usr/local/nginx/..."   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        80/tcp              flamboyant_carson

    虽然nginx服务开启了,但是port并没有进行映射到本机host,所以这个container并不能进行访问,重新启动一个进行了映射端口的容器

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p80:80 centos_nginx:v1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"
    e4b6e4846dedc6f130e028701c84828a635f3b367c0d500ebd947de16b1be0b2

    再次查看端口映射信息:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker port e4b6e4846ded
    80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80

    于是进行访问:

    于是基于Dockerfile的一个简单实例构建完成,现在基于这个Dockerfile文件依次添加其他的指令进行构建

    添加ENV环境变量指令:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos
    
    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
    
    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
    
    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    
    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    
    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    
    ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
    
    EXPOSE 80
    复制代码

    然后进行构建:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v2 .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  985.6kB
    Step 1/10 : FROM centos
     ---> 196e0ce0c9fb
    Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
     ---> Using cache
     ---> cde1d7830106
    Step 3/10 : ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 1e4d16340af0
    Step 4/10 : RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 405835ad9b0b
    Step 5/10 : RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 4002738cf7a6
    Step 6/10 : RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
     ---> Using cache
     ---> 02961c5c564d
    Step 7/10 : WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
     ---> Using cache
     ---> f1da71a93c5e
    Step 8/10 : RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
     ---> Using cache
     ---> cd2ad4c45004
    Step 9/10 : ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
     ---> Running in 07ba2f7129bc
     ---> 9588fa1058aa
    Removing intermediate container 07ba2f7129bc
    Step 10/10 : EXPOSE 80
     ---> Running in 473cd847154a
     ---> 2031faf8894a
    Removing intermediate container 473cd847154a
    Successfully built 2031faf8894a
    Successfully tagged centos_nginx:v2
    复制代码

    由于在构建的过程中docker会采用缓存的机制,上面的构建过程中包含很多using cache,所以这次构建非常快,如果需要重新构建,不想使用cache需要添加--no-cache

    --no-cache                   Do not use cache when building the image

    查看v2版本的镜像:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker images
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos_nginx           v2                  2031faf8894a        2 minutes ago       464MB

    使用v2版本的镜像启动一个container:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p81:80 centos_nginx:v2 nginx -g "daemon off;"
    da48b465b1b1a14824497d724eee52b8408270b3b5223c5dd7094b7c0cef211d

    查看container运行状态:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
    da48b465b1b1        centos_nginx:v2     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   23 seconds ago      Up 22 seconds       0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp   determined_neumann

    进行访问:

    上述启动容器的过程中使用的命令docker run -d -p81:80 centos_nginx:v2 nginx -g "daemon off;"为什么这里使用的nginx而不是

    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx,因为在Dockerfile文化中执行了PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH,添加到了环境变量

    添加指令CMD:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos
    
    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
    
    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
    
    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    
    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    
    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    
    ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
    
    EXPOSE 80
    
    CMD /bin/sh -c 'nginx -g "daemon off;"'
    复制代码

    然后进行构建:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v3 .

    查看v3版本的镜像:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker images
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos_nginx           v3                  0e49a2c0562f        11 seconds ago      464MB

    然后基于v3版本的镜像启动一个container:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p82:80 centos_nginx:v3 
    d988c04d04f49b909f28e7b664be3959a0d51b951f1c1b04fcf5c716552b7c41

    查看启动的容器状态:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
    d988c04d04f4        centos_nginx:v3     "/bin/sh -c '/bin/..."   6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp   optimistic_saha

    最后进行访问:

    新增加的CMD /bin/sh -c 'nginx -g "daemon off;"'表示

    当启动一个container时默认运行的命令,如果在启动container时赋予了command的化,那么

    定义的CMD中的命令将不会被执行,而会去执行command的命令

    添加entrypoint指令:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos
    
    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
    
    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
    
    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    
    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    
    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    
    ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
    
    EXPOSE 80
    
    ENTRYPOINT ["nginx"]
    
    CMD ["-g","daemon off;"]
    复制代码

    当ENTRYPOINT和CMD连用时,CMD的命令是ENTRYPOINT命令的参数,两者连用相当于nginx -g "daemon off;"

    而当一起连用的时候命令格式最好一致(这里选择的都是json格式的是成功的,如果都是sh模式可以试一下)

    开始进行构建v4版本:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v4 .

    查看新建的镜像:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker images
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos_nginx           v4                  6c5128aaff05        4 minutes ago       464MB

    为v4版本的镜像启动一个container:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p83:80 centos_nginx:v4 
    6933c78255f3cebe44d4d5d080caf8a2fde45ded2f9b333ec01cdfe98cd5f417

    然后查看容器状态:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
    6933c78255f3        centos_nginx:v4     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   6 seconds ago       Up 5 seconds        0.0.0.0:83->80/tcp   zealous_euclid

    最后进行访问:

    这里增加一个案例,如果Dockerfile修改成下面:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos
    
    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
    
    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
    
    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    
    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    
    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    
    ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
    
    EXPOSE 80
    
    ENTRYPOINT ["nginx"]
    
    CMD ["-g","daemon on;"]
    复制代码

    CMD的命令修改为了后台,我们知道如果容器内的进程在后台运行那么容器将不会运行,现在以此构建v5版本镜像:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v5 .

    查看v5版本的新镜像:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker images
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos_nginx           v5                  5c1131306686        29 seconds ago      464MB

    现在利用v5版本镜像启动一个container,但是在启动的时候添加后面的command:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p85:80 centos_nginx:v5 -g "daemon off;"
    5e11edbbd2a0e184f1766c435c0d9b01ef5d74b57e2e2c3a1efed0cf2a2e037b

    可以看见在后面新增了-g "daemon off;",前面说过如果增加了命令那么Dockerfile中的CMD中的命令将不会生效

    查看容器运行状态:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
    5e11edbbd2a0        centos_nginx:v5     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   3 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:85->80/tcp   nifty_bartik

    可以看见容器的运行丝毫没有问题,于是nginx的服务依然还是在前台运行,没有被CMD影响,而新增加的command(-g "daemon off;")

    将作为ENTRYPOINT的新的参数以此为准,于是进行访问端口85

     添加VOLUME指令:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos
    
    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
    
    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
    
    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    
    # mount a dir to container
    VOLUME ["/data"]
    
    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    
    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    
    # setup PATH
    ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
    
    # EXPOSE
    EXPOSE 80
    
    # the command of entrypoint
    ENTRYPOINT ["nginx"]
    
    CMD ["-g"]
    复制代码

    开始进行构建:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v6 .

    查看v6版本的镜像:

    [root@docker ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos_nginx           v6                  959fdf4d4288        35 seconds ago      464MB

    利用该镜像启动一个container:

    [root@docker ~]# docker run -d -p 86:80 --name=nginx6 centos_nginx:v6 -g "daemon off;"
    6c15a9e93fb1421bdb7eddaabe439996e97415e85a003f80c1d8b4b2c5ee3ffa

    查看启动的容器状态:

    [root@docker ~]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
    6c15a9e93fb1        centos_nginx:v6     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   4 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:86->80/tcp   nginx6

    利用docker exec进入到container中,查看是否存在卷/data:

    [root@6c15a9e93fb1 /]# ll
    total 16
    -rw-r--r--.   8 root root 15836 Sep 11 15:53 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root     7 Sep 11 15:51 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root     6 Nov  2 01:42 data

    这个/data挂载的目录对应本机host的这个目录:

    [root@docker _data]# pwd
    /var/lib/docker/volumes/3490a9b7f9773b020343e82c1c4236d976b69eb6a80121eb80612d8c39e02820/_data

    现在在本机host上的这个目录创建一个文件:

    [root@docker _data]# touch wadeson.sh
    [root@docker _data]# ll
    total 0
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov  1 21:45 wadeson.sh

    然后切换到container中查看是否存在这个文件:

    [root@6c15a9e93fb1 /]# ll /data/
    total 0
    -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov  2 01:45 wadeson.sh

    添加ONBUILD指令:

      Dockerfile1中base image为A镜像,并在Dockerfile1中定义ONBUILD指令,构建成新镜像B镜像

      Dockerfile2中base image为B镜像,构建成新镜像C

      当使用镜像B启动的container1不会执行OBNUILD中定义的内容,而使用C镜像启动的container2则会执行ONBUILD定义的内容

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile 
    # base image
    FROM centos
    
    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
    
    # put nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz into /usr/local/src and unpack nginx
    ADD nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz /usr/local/src
    
    # running required command
    RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ glibc make autoconf openssl openssl-devel 
    RUN yum install -y libxslt-devel -y gd gd-devel GeoIP GeoIP-devel pcre pcre-devel
    RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    
    # mount a dir to container
    ONBUILD VOLUME ["/data"]
    
    # change dir to /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    WORKDIR /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2
    
    # execute command to compile nginx
    RUN ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-file-aio  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_realip_module    --with-http_addition_module    --with-http_xslt_module   --with-http_image_filter_module    --with-http_geoip_module  --with-http_sub_module  --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module    --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --with-http_auth_request_module  --with-http_random_index_module   --with-http_secure_link_module   --with-http_degradation_module   --with-http_stub_status_module && make && make install
    
    # setup PATH
    ENV PATH /usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH
    
    # EXPOSE
    EXPOSE 80
    
    # the command of entrypoint
    ENTRYPOINT ["nginx"]
    
    CMD ["-g"]
    复制代码

    使用上面Dockerfile构建镜像版本v7:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p 87:80 --name=nginx7 centos_nginx:v7 -g "daemon off;"   
    48f1fe5c71aefc0f9513e8085af8f5b7cdf14fa986fb3b11f2050f18ceefd26e

    现在进入到容器内查看是否存在/data:

    [root@docker ~]# docker exec -it nginx7 /bin/bash
    [root@48f1fe5c71ae nginx-1.12.2]# ll /data
    ls: cannot access /data: No such file or directory

    现在修改上面Dockerfile的FROM基于的base image:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# cat Dockerfile
    # base image
    FROM centos_nginx:v7

    # MAINTAINER
    MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com

    利用此Dockerfile构建镜像v8:

    复制代码
    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker build -t centos_nginx:v8 .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  986.6kB
    Step 1/2 : FROM centos_nginx:v7
    # Executing 1 build trigger...
    Step 1/1 : VOLUME /data
     ---> Running in a6187867513d
     ---> 5ac07930be4c
    Removing intermediate container a6187867513d
    Step 2/2 : MAINTAINER json_hc@163.com
     ---> Running in e02dbf8219cf
     ---> 6f792dc07c35
    Removing intermediate container e02dbf8219cf
    Successfully built 6f792dc07c35
    Successfully tagged centos_nginx:v8
    复制代码

    可以看见卷/data已经执行了操作,现在启动一个container:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker run -d -p 88:80 --name=nginx8 centos_nginx:v8 -g "daemon off;"   
    6c2a847c5f6b59b02f91afecadbfc15c88d1217a477c0421a424bce6e5eb317a

    查看容器状态,并进入到容器验证/data目录:

    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
    6c2a847c5f6b        centos_nginx:v8     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   37 seconds ago      Up 37 seconds       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx8
    [root@docker docker_demo]# docker exec -it nginx8 /bin/bash
    [root@6c2a847c5f6b nginx-1.12.2]# ll /data/
    total 0

    由此可见镜像v8包含了v7 的所有内容,并且增加了ONBUILD的内容

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/freeliver54/p/10491345.html
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