• 深入理解Feign之源码解析


    转载请标明出处:
    原文首发于:https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2017/09/12/sc-feign-raw/
    本文出自方志朋的博客

    什么是Feign

    Feign是受到Retrofit,JAXRS-2.0和WebSocket的影响,它是一个jav的到http客户端绑定的开源项目。 Feign的主要目标是将Java Http 客户端变得简单。Feign的源码地址:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

    写一个Feign

    在我之前的博文有写到如何用Feign去消费服务,文章地址:http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/69808079

    现在来简单的实现一个Feign客户端,首先通过@FeignClient,客户端,其中value为调用其他服务的名称,FeignConfig.class为FeignClient的配置文件,代码如下:

    
    @FeignClient(value = "service-hi",configuration = FeignConfig.class)
    public interface SchedualServiceHi {
        @GetMapping(value = "/hi")
        String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
    }
    
    

    其自定义配置文件如下,当然也可以不写配置文件,用默认的即可:

    @Configuration
    public class FeignConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public Retryer feignRetryer() {
            return new Retryer.Default(100, SECONDS.toMillis(1), 5);
        }
        
    }
    
    
    

    查看FeignClient注解的源码,其代码如下:

    
    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface FeignClient {
    
    @AliasFor("name")
    String value() default "";
    	
    @AliasFor("value")
    String name() default "";
    	
    @AliasFor("value")
    String name() default "";
    String url() default "";
    boolean decode404() default false;
    
    Class<?>[] configuration() default {};
    Class<?> fallback() default void.class;
    
    Class<?> fallbackFactory() default void.class;
    }
    
    String path() default "";
    
    boolean primary() default true;
    
    

    FeignClient注解被@Target(ElementType.TYPE)修饰,表示FeignClient注解的作用目标在接口上;
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME),注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到;@Documented表示该注解将被包含在javadoc中。

    feign 用于声明具有该接口的REST客户端的接口的注释应该是创建(例如用于自动连接到另一个组件。 如果功能区可用,那将是
    用于负载平衡后端请求,并且可以配置负载平衡器
    使用与伪装客户端相同名称(即值)@RibbonClient 。

    其中value()和name()一样,是被调用的 service的名称。
    url(),直接填写硬编码的url,decode404()即404是否被解码,还是抛异常;configuration(),标明FeignClient的配置类,默认的配置类为FeignClientsConfiguration类,可以覆盖Decoder、Encoder和Contract等信息,进行自定义配置。fallback(),填写熔断器的信息类。

    FeignClient的配置

    默认的配置类为FeignClientsConfiguration,这个类在spring-cloud-netflix-core的jar包下,打开这个类,可以发现它是一个配置类,注入了很多的相关配置的bean,包括feignRetryer、FeignLoggerFactory、FormattingConversionService等,其中还包括了Decoder、Encoder、Contract,如果这三个bean在没有注入的情况下,会自动注入默认的配置。

    • Decoder feignDecoder: ResponseEntityDecoder(这是对SpringDecoder的封装)
    • Encoder feignEncoder: SpringEncoder
    • Logger feignLogger: Slf4jLogger
    • Contract feignContract: SpringMvcContract
    • Feign.Builder feignBuilder: HystrixFeign.Builder

    代码如下:

    @Configuration
    public class FeignClientsConfiguration {
    
    ...//省略代码
    
    @Bean
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
    	public Decoder feignDecoder() {
    		return new ResponseEntityDecoder(new SpringDecoder(this.messageConverters));
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
    	public Encoder feignEncoder() {
    		return new SpringEncoder(this.messageConverters);
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
    	public Contract feignContract(ConversionService feignConversionService) {
    		return new SpringMvcContract(this.parameterProcessors, feignConversionService);
    	}
    
    ...//省略代码
    }
    
    
    

    重写配置:

    你可以重写FeignClientsConfiguration中的bean,从而达到自定义配置的目的,比如FeignClientsConfiguration的默认重试次数为Retryer.NEVER_RETRY,即不重试,那么希望做到重写,写个配置文件,注入feignRetryer的bean,代码如下:

    @Configuration
    public class FeignConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public Retryer feignRetryer() {
            return new Retryer.Default(100, SECONDS.toMillis(1), 5);
        }
    
    }
    
    

    在上述代码更改了该FeignClient的重试次数,重试间隔为100ms,最大重试时间为1s,重试次数为5次。

    Feign的工作原理

    feign是一个伪客户端,即它不做任何的请求处理。Feign通过处理注解生成request,从而实现简化HTTP API开发的目的,即开发人员可以使用注解的方式定制request api模板,在发送http request请求之前,feign通过处理注解的方式替换掉request模板中的参数,这种实现方式显得更为直接、可理解。

    通过包扫描注入FeignClient的bean,该源码在FeignClientsRegistrar类:
    首先在启动配置上检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解,如果有该注解,则开启包扫描,扫描被@FeignClient注解接口。代码如下:

    private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
    			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
    		Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata
    				.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true);
    
    		if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) {
    			String name;
    			if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) {
    				name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName();
    			}
    			else {
    				name = "default." + metadata.getClassName();
    			}
    			registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
    					defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration"));
    		}
    	}
    
    
    

    程序启动后通过包扫描,当类有@FeignClient注解,将注解的信息取出,连同类名一起取出,赋给BeanDefinitionBuilder,然后根据BeanDefinitionBuilder得到beanDefinition,最后beanDefinition式注入到ioc容器中,源码如下:

    public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
    			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
    		ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
    		scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
    
    		Set<String> basePackages;
    
    		Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
    				.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
    		AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
    				FeignClient.class);
    		final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
    				: (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
    		if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
    			scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
    			basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
    		}
    		else {
    			final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
    			basePackages = new HashSet<>();
    			for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
    				basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
    				clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
    			}
    			AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
    				@Override
    				protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
    					String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\$", ".");
    					return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
    				}
    			};
    			scanner.addIncludeFilter(
    					new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
    		}
    
    		for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
    			Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
    					.findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
    			for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
    				if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
    					// verify annotated class is an interface
    					AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
    					AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
    					Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
    							"@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");
    
    					Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
    							.getAnnotationAttributes(
    									FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
    
    					String name = getClientName(attributes);
    					registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
    							attributes.get("configuration"));
    
    					registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    
    private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
    			AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
    		String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
    		BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
    				.genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
    		validate(attributes);
    		definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
    		definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
    		String name = getName(attributes);
    		definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
    		definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
    		definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
    		definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
    		definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
    		definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);
    
    		String alias = name + "FeignClient";
    		AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();
    
    		boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null
    
    		beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);
    
    		String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
    		if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
    			alias = qualifier;
    		}
    
    		BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
    				new String[] { alias });
    		BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
    	}
    
    
    
    

    注入bean之后,通过jdk的代理,当请求Feign Client的方法时会被拦截,代码在ReflectiveFeign类,代码如下:

     public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
        Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
        Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();
        List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();
    
        for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
          if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
            continue;
          } else if(Util.isDefault(method)) {
            DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
            defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
            methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
          } else {
            methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
          }
        }
        InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
        T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{target.type()}, handler);
    
        for(DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
          defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
        }
        return proxy;
      }
    
    

    在SynchronousMethodHandler类进行拦截处理,当被FeignClient的方法被拦截会根据参数生成RequestTemplate对象,该对象就是http请求的模板,代码如下:

     @Override
      public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
        RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
        Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
        while (true) {
          try {
            return executeAndDecode(template);
          } catch (RetryableException e) {
            retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
            if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
              logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
            }
            continue;
          }
        }
      }
    
    

    其中有个executeAndDecode()方法,该方法是通RequestTemplate生成Request请求对象,然后根据用client获取response。

      Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
        Request request = targetRequest(template);
        ...//省略代码
        response = client.execute(request, options);
        ...//省略代码
    
    }
    
    

    Client组件

    其中Client组件是一个非常重要的组件,Feign最终发送request请求以及接收response响应,都是由Client组件完成的,其中Client的实现类,只要有Client.Default,该类由HttpURLConnnection实现网络请求,另外还支持HttpClient、Okhttp.

    首先来看以下在FeignRibbonClient的自动配置类,FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration ,主要在工程启动的时候注入一些bean,其代码如下:

    @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
    @Configuration
    @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
    public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Bean
    	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
    	public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
    			SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
    		return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null),
    				cachingFactory, clientFactory);
    	}
    
    }
    
    

    在缺失配置feignClient的情况下,会自动注入new Client.Default(),跟踪Client.Default()源码,它使用的网络请求框架为HttpURLConnection,代码如下:

      @Override
        public Response execute(Request request, Options options) throws IOException {
          HttpURLConnection connection = convertAndSend(request, options);
          return convertResponse(connection).toBuilder().request(request).build();
        }
    
    

    怎么在feign中使用HttpClient,查看FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration的源码

    @ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
    @Configuration
    @AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
    public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {
    ...//省略代码
    
    @Configuration
    	@ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)
    	@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "feign.httpclient.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    	protected static class HttpClientFeignLoadBalancedConfiguration {
    
    		@Autowired(required = false)
    		private HttpClient httpClient;
    
    		@Bean
    		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(Client.class)
    		public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
    				SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
    			ApacheHttpClient delegate;
    			if (this.httpClient != null) {
    				delegate = new ApacheHttpClient(this.httpClient);
    			}
    			else {
    				delegate = new ApacheHttpClient();
    			}
    			return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(delegate, cachingFactory, clientFactory);
    		}
    	}
    
    ...//省略代码
    }
    
    

    从代码@ConditionalOnClass(ApacheHttpClient.class)注解可知道,只需要在pom文件加上HttpClient的classpath就行了,另外需要在配置文件上加上feign.httpclient.enabled为true,从 @ConditionalOnProperty注解可知,这个可以不写,在默认的情况下就为true.

    在pom文件加上:

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    

    同理,如果想要feign使用Okhttp,则只需要在pom文件上加上feign-okhttp的依赖:

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
        <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
        <version>RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    

    feign的负载均衡是怎么样实现的呢?

    通过上述的FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration类配置Client的类型(httpurlconnection,okhttp和httpclient)时候,可知最终向容器注入的是LoadBalancerFeignClient,即负载均衡客户端。现在来看下LoadBalancerFeignClient的代码:

    	@Override
    	public Response execute(Request request, Request.Options options) throws IOException {
    		try {
    			URI asUri = URI.create(request.url());
    			String clientName = asUri.getHost();
    			URI uriWithoutHost = cleanUrl(request.url(), clientName);
    			FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest ribbonRequest = new FeignLoadBalancer.RibbonRequest(
    					this.delegate, request, uriWithoutHost);
    
    			IClientConfig requestConfig = getClientConfig(options, clientName);
    			return lbClient(clientName).executeWithLoadBalancer(ribbonRequest,
    					requestConfig).toResponse();
    		}
    		catch (ClientException e) {
    			IOException io = findIOException(e);
    			if (io != null) {
    				throw io;
    			}
    			throw new RuntimeException(e);
    		}
    	}
    

    其中有个executeWithLoadBalancer()方法,即通过负载均衡的方式请求。

      public T executeWithLoadBalancer(final S request, final IClientConfig requestConfig) throws ClientException {
            RequestSpecificRetryHandler handler = getRequestSpecificRetryHandler(request, requestConfig);
            LoadBalancerCommand<T> command = LoadBalancerCommand.<T>builder()
                    .withLoadBalancerContext(this)
                    .withRetryHandler(handler)
                    .withLoadBalancerURI(request.getUri())
                    .build();
    
            try {
                return command.submit(
                    new ServerOperation<T>() {
                        @Override
                        public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
                            URI finalUri = reconstructURIWithServer(server, request.getUri());
                            S requestForServer = (S) request.replaceUri(finalUri);
                            try {
                                return Observable.just(AbstractLoadBalancerAwareClient.this.execute(requestForServer, requestConfig));
                            } 
                            catch (Exception e) {
                                return Observable.error(e);
                            }
                        }
                    })
                    .toBlocking()
                    .single();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Throwable t = e.getCause();
                if (t instanceof ClientException) {
                    throw (ClientException) t;
                } else {
                    throw new ClientException(e);
                }
            }
            
        }	
    
    

    其中服务在submit()方法上,点击submit进入具体的方法,这个方法是LoadBalancerCommand的方法:

         Observable<T> o = 
                    (server == null ? selectServer() : Observable.just(server))
                    .concatMap(new Func1<Server, Observable<T>>() {
                        @Override
                        // Called for each server being selected
                        public Observable<T> call(Server server) {
                            context.setServer(server);
        
            }}
    
    

    上述代码中有个selectServe(),该方法是选择服务的进行负载均衡的方法,代码如下:

        private Observable<Server> selectServer() {
            return Observable.create(new OnSubscribe<Server>() {
                @Override
                public void call(Subscriber<? super Server> next) {
                    try {
                        Server server = loadBalancerContext.getServerFromLoadBalancer(loadBalancerURI, loadBalancerKey);   
                        next.onNext(server);
                        next.onCompleted();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        next.onError(e);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    
    

    最终负载均衡交给loadBalancerContext来处理,即之前讲述的Ribbon,在这里不再重复。

    总结

    总到来说,Feign的源码实现的过程如下:

    • 首先通过@EnableFeignCleints注解开启FeignCleint
    • 根据Feign的规则实现接口,并加@FeignCleint注解
    • 程序启动后,会进行包扫描,扫描所有的@ FeignCleint的注解的类,并将这些信息注入到ioc容器中。
    • 当接口的方法被调用,通过jdk的代理,来生成具体的RequesTemplate
    • RequesTemplate在生成Request
    • Request交给Client去处理,其中Client可以是HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient也可以是Okhttp
    • 最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类,这个类结合类Ribbon做到了负载均衡。

    参考资料

    https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

    https://blog.de-swaef.eu/the-netflix-stack-using-spring-boot-part-3-feign/


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/forezp/p/9852117.html
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