• Elasticsearch增删改查


    面向文档

    document数据格式

    1. 应用系统的数据结构都是面向对象的,复杂的
    2. 对象数据存储到数据库中,只能拆解开来,变为扁平的多张表,每次查询的时候还得还原回对象格式,相当麻烦
    3. ES是面向文档的,文档中存储的数据结构,与面向对象的数据结构是一样的,基于这种文档数据结构,es可以提供复杂的索引,全文检索,分析聚合等功能
    4. es的document用json数据格式来表达

    Java数据

    public class Employee {
    
      private String email;
      private String firstName;
      private String lastName;
      private EmployeeInfo info;
      private Date joinDate;
    
    }
    
    private class EmployeeInfo {
      
      private String bio; // 性格
      private Integer age;
      private String[] interests; // 兴趣爱好
    
    }
    EmployeeInfo info = new EmployeeInfo();
    info.setBio("curious and modest");
    info.setAge(30);
    info.setInterests(new String[]{"bike", "climb"});
    
    Employee employee = new Employee();
    employee.setEmail("zhangsan@sina.com");
    employee.setFirstName("san");
    employee.setLastName("zhang");
    employee.setInfo(info);
    employee.setJoinDate(new Date());
    

     数据库数据

    employee
    id 	email 	first_name 	last_name 	join_date
    001 	hangsan@sina.com 	san 	zhang 	2017/01/01
    employee_info
    employee_id 	bio 	age 	interests
    001 	curious and modest 	30 	bike, climb
    

     Json数据

    {
        "email":      "zhangsan@sina.com",
        "first_name": "san",
        "last_name": "zhang",
        "info": {
            "bio":         "curious and modest",
            "age":         30,
            "interests": [ "bike", "climb" ]
        },
        "join_date": "2017/01/01"
    }
    

     集群管理

    GET /_cat/health?v
    

    green:每个索引的primary shard和replica shard都是active状态的
    yellow:每个索引的primary shard都是active状态的,但是部分replica shard不是active状态,处于不可用的状态
    red:不是所有索引的primary shard都是active状态的,部分索引有数据丢失了

    现在只启动动了一个es进程,相当于就只有一个node。现在es中有一个index,就是kibana自己内置建立的index。由于默认的配置是给每个index分配5个primary shard和5个replica shard,而且primary shard和replica shard不能在同一台机器上(为了容错)。现在kibana自己建立的index是1个primary shard和1个replica shard。当前就一个node,所以只有1个primary shard被分配了和启动了,但是一个replica shard没有第二台机器去启动。只要启动第二个es进程,就会在es集群中有2个node,然后那1个replica shard就会自动分配过去,然后cluster status就会变成green状态。

    新增

    #语法
    PUT /index/type/id
    {
      "json数据"
    }
    # 添加商品1
    PUT /ecommerce/product/1
    {
        "name" : "gaolujie yagao",                        #商品名称
        "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",                       #商品描述
        "price" :  30,								   #商品价格
        "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",            #生厂厂家
        "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]                   #产品标签
    }
    #添加商品2
    PUT /ecommerce/product/2
    {
        "name" : "jiajieshi yagao",
        "desc" :  "youxiao fangzhu",
        "price" :  25,
        "producer" :      "jiajieshi producer",
        "tags": [ "fangzhu" ]
    }
    #添加商品3
    PUT /ecommerce/product/3
    {
        "name" : "zhonghua yagao",
        "desc" :  "caoben zhiwu",
        "price" :  40,
        "producer" :      "zhonghua producer",
        "tags": [ "qingxin" ]
    }
    

     es会自动建立index和type,不需要提前创建,而且es默认会对document每个field都建立倒排索引,让其可以被搜索

    查询

    #语法
    GET /index/type/id
    GET /ecommerce/product/1
    
    {
      "_index": "ecommerce",
      "_type": "product",
      "_id": "1",
      "_version": 1,
      "found": true,
      "_source": {
        "name": "gaolujie yagao",
        "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
        "price": 30,
        "producer": "gaolujie producer",
        "tags": [
          "meibai",
          "fangzhu"
        ]
      }
    }
    

     修改

    PUT /ecommerce/product/1
    {
        "name" : "jiaqiangban gaolujie yagao",
        "desc" :  "gaoxiao meibai",
        "price" :  30,
        "producer" :      "gaolujie producer",
        "tags": [ "meibai", "fangzhu" ]
    }
    

     删除

    DELETE /ecommerce/product/1
    

     查询

    query string search的由来:因为search参数都是以http请求的query string来附带的

    {
      "took": 3,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
        "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": 
      ......
      {
            "_index": "ecommerce",
            "_type": "product",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhonghua yagao",
              "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
              "price": 40,
              "producer": "zhonghua producer",
              "tags": [
                "qingxin"
              ]
           ......
    }
    

    took:耗费了几毫秒
    timed_out:是否超时,这里是没有
    _shards:数据拆成了5个分片,所以对于搜索请求,会打到所有的primary shard(或者是它的某个replica shard)
    hits.total:查询结果的数量,3个document
    hits.max_score:score的含义,就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数,越相关,就越匹配,分数也高
    hits.hits:包含了匹配搜索的document的详细数据

    按售价降序排列

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc
    

    适用场景

    适用于临时的在命令行使用一些工具,比如curl,快速的发出请求,来检索想要的信息;如果查询请求很复杂,是很难去构建的在生产环境中,几乎很少使用query string search

    query DSL

    DSL:Domain Specified Language,特定领域的语言
    http request body:请求体,可以用json的格式来构建查询语法,比较方便,可以构建各种复杂的语法,比query string search肯定强大多了

    查询所有

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
      "query": { "match_all": {} }
    }
    

    条件查询

    查询名称包含yagao的商品,同时按照价格降序排序

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
        "query" : {
            "match" : {
                "name" : "yagao"
            }
        },
        "sort": [
            { "price": "desc" }
        ]
    }
    

     分页查询

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
      "query": { "match_all": {} },
      "from": 1,
      "size": 1
    }
    

     指定查询

    更加适合生产环境的使用,可以构建复杂的查询

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
      "query": { "match_all": {} },
      "_source": ["name", "price"]
      }
    

     query filter

    过滤查询

    搜索商品名称包含yagao,而且售价大于25元的商品

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
        "query" : {
            "bool" : {
                "must" : {
                    "match" : {
                        "name" : "yagao" 
                    }
                },
                "filter" : {
                    "range" : {
                        "price" : { "gt" : 25 } 
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

     full-text search(全文检索)

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
        "query" : {
            "match" : {
                "producer" : "yagao producer"
            }
        }
    }
    

    producer这个字段,会先被拆解,建立倒排索引

    special 4
    yagao   4
    producer 1,2,3,4  
    gaolujie 1  
    zhognhua 3  
    jiajieshi 2

    yagao producer 会被拆解为 yagao和producer

    phrase search(短语搜索)

    跟全文检索相对应,相反,全文检索会将输入的搜索串拆解开来,去倒排索引里面去一一匹配,只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词,就可以作为结果返回
    phrase search,要求输入的搜索串,必须在指定的字段文本中,完全包含一模一样的,才可以算匹配,才能作为结果返回

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
        "query" : {
            "match_phrase" : {
                "producer" : "yagao producer"
            }
        }
    }
    

     highlight search(高亮搜索结果)

    GET /ecommerce/product/_search
    {
        "query" : {
            "match" : {
                "producer" : "producer"
            }
        },
        "highlight": {
            "fields" : {
                "producer" : {}
            }
        }
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fmgao-technology/p/10410361.html
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