• fragment的使用(一)


      从google在Android3.0推出fragment之后,fragment的使用场景越来越多。fragment可以将UI界面一块儿一块儿的封装,有更加强大、灵活的生命周期,更快的启动速度。现在越来越多的app,会较少的使用activity,而是用fragment完成大部分页面的展示。

      在这里,我将记录关于fragment的使用方法。

      首先,我们要建立一个大致的结构模型。我们使用Activity作为App的底层界面容器。在Activity中用一个控件,来显示fragment。然后界面的切换就是用这个控件来切换它显示的fragment。

      所以Activity的xml比较简单:

      activity_main.xml:

    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
        android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
        android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">
    
        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/main_framelayout"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>
    
    </LinearLayout>

      将要用来显示fragment的容易就是这个framelayout。

      在开始MainAcitivy.java的代码编写之前,先要在此说明两个类。  

      1.FragmentManager

        它像一个管理fragment的类,它类似一个fragment的容器,能够使用add,remove,findFragmentByTag方法,操作fragment。但是除了findFragmentByTag,我们不能直接操作add和remove,也不能直接操作fragment。我们需要另一个类来进行操作——FragmentTransaction。

      2.FragmentTransaction

        它是一个一次性的事务,我们通过fragmentManager.beginTransaction();获取它,用fragmentTransaction.commit();完成操作。fragmentTransaction提交过一次之后,就不能再提交了。下一次操作时,就要创建新的实例。

      

    public class MainActivity extends Activity implements mBaseUiFragment.OnUiFragmentJumpToListener {
    
    
        FrameLayout mainFrameLayout;
        FragmentManager fragmentManager;
        Fragment mainFragment;
    
        Stack<Fragment> mFragmentStack;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            mainFrameLayout = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.main_framelayout);
            initFragment();
    
    
        }
    
        private void initFragment(){
            fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            mFragmentStack = new Stack<>();
    
            mainFragment = new MainFragment();
            fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.main_framelayout, mainFragment, MainFragment.FRAGMENT_TAG);
            mFragmentStack.push(mainFragment);
            
            fragmentTransaction.show(mainFragment);
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    }

      mFragmentStack是一个存放fragment的栈。用于模仿activity的堆栈返回机制。

      我们在给fragmentManager中添加fragment时,我们需要设置一个tag.这样,我们想再操作这个fragment时,我们就可以通过findFragmentByTag这个方法,获得这个fragment的引用。

      mBaseUiFragment.OnUiFragmentJumpToListener 是一个接口,用于fragment对activity的回调。这个接口定义在uiFragment的基类中。

      mBaseUiFragment.java:  

    public class mBaseUiFragment<T extends mBaseUiFragment> extends mBaseFragment {
    
    
        Context mContext;
        View rootView;
        OnUiFragmentJumpToListener onUiFragmentJumpToListener;
    
        public interface OnUiFragmentJumpToListener{
            void jumpToFragment(Class<? extends Fragment> fragmentClass , String toFragmentTag);
            void fragmentBack();
        }
    
    
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            mContext = getActivity();
            onUiFragmentJumpToListener = (OnUiFragmentJumpToListener) getActivity();
        }
    }

       在这个基类中,定义了OnUiFragmentJumpToListener接口,并赋予它实例。OnUiFragmentJumpToListener接口中暂时只声明了跳转和返回的方法。

      因为,我们在MainActivity中可以加上这一段的实现

      MainActivity.java:  

    public class MainActivity extends Activity implements mBaseUiFragment.OnUiFragmentJumpToListener {
    
    
        FrameLayout mainFrameLayout;
        FragmentManager fragmentManager;
        Fragment mainFragment;
    
        Stack<Fragment> mFragmentStack;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            mainFrameLayout = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.main_framelayout);
            initFragment();
    
    
        }
    
        private void initFragment(){
            fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            mFragmentStack = new Stack<>();
    
            mainFragment = new MainFragment();
            fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.main_framelayout, mainFragment, MainFragment.FRAGMENT_TAG);
            mFragmentStack.push(mainFragment);
    
            fragmentTransaction.show(mainFragment);
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public void jumpToFragment(Class<? extends Fragment> fragmentClass , String toFragmentTag) {
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            Fragment targetFragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(toFragmentTag);
    
            if (targetFragment == null){
                try {
                    targetFragment = fragmentClass.newInstance();
                    fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.main_framelayout , targetFragment , toFragmentTag);
                    fragmentTransaction.show(fragmentClass.newInstance());
                } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }else {
                fragmentTransaction.show(targetFragment);
            }
    
            fragmentTransaction.hide(mFragmentStack.get(0));
    
            mFragmentStack.push(targetFragment);
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void fragmentBack() {
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            Fragment fromFragment = mFragmentStack.pop();
            fragmentTransaction.hide(fromFragment);
            fragmentTransaction.show(mFragmentStack.get(0));
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    }

       

      最后,贴上MainFragment和TestFragment的代码。MainFragment中可以”跳转“至TestFragment,TestFragment可以”返回“。

      MainFragment:

    public class MainFragment extends mBaseUiFragment implements View.OnClickListener {
    
        static public String FRAGMENT_TAG = "MainFragment";
    
    
    
        // View
        TextView downLoadProgress;
        Button startOrPauseBtn;
        Button stopBtn;
    
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        }
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.main_layout , null);
            initView();
            return rootView;
        }
    
        private void initView(){
            downLoadProgress = (TextView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.download_progress_id);
            startOrPauseBtn = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.start_or_pause_btn);
            startOrPauseBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
            stopBtn = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.stop_btn);
            stopBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            switch (v.getId()){
                case R.id.start_or_pause_btn:
                    onUiFragmentJumpToListener.jumpToFragment(TestFragment.class , TestFragment.FRAGMENT_TAG);
                    break;
                case R.id.stop_btn:
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

      

       TestFragment:

      

    public class TestFragment extends mBaseUiFragment {
    
        static public String FRAGMENT_TAG = "TestFragment";
    
        Button backBtn;
    
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.test_fragment_layout , null);
            backBtn = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.back_btn);
            backBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    onUiFragmentJumpToListener.fragmentBack();
                }
            });
            return rootView;
        }
    
    
    }

      

      这样就构建起一个基本的以Fragment代替Activity的界面切换的结构。

    Done!

  • 相关阅读:
    性能测试工具LoadRunner19-LR之Controller IP欺骗
    JavaScript—06数组与函数
    JavaScript—05流程控制与代码规范要求
    JavaScript—04运算符
    JS做简单的留言板
    JavaScript—03 变量与数据类型
    JavaScript—02 JS组成及注释等
    JavaScript—01汇编语言和计算机基础脑图
    01移动端布局基础-脑图
    解决粘包-复杂版
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fishbone-lsy/p/5225070.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知