各种实现方式
Pure DOM
通常先使用getElementsByTagName("*")取出文档中所有元素,然后进行遍历,使用正则表达式找出匹配的元素放入一个数组返回。由于IE5不支持document.getElementsByTagName("*"),要使用分支document.all以防错误。
The Ultimate getElementsByClassName方案,作者为Robert Nyman,05年实现,可见老外许多东西在很早以前就走得很远了。
//三个参数都是必需的,查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,IE8历时1828 ~ 1844毫秒, //IE6为4610 ~ 6109毫秒,FF3.5为46 ~ 48毫秒,opera10为31 ~ 32毫秒,Chrome为23~ 26毫秒, //safari4为19 ~ 20毫秒 function getElementsByClassName(oElm, strTagName, strClassName){ var arrElements = (strTagName == "*" && oElm.all)? oElm.all : oElm.getElementsByTagName(strTagName); var arrReturnElements = new Array(); strClassName = strClassName.replace(/\-/g, "\\-" ); var oRegExp = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + strClassName + "(\\s|$)" ); var oElement; for ( var i=0; i < arrElements.length; i++){ oElement = arrElements[i]; if (oRegExp.test(oElement.className)){ arrReturnElements.push(oElement); } } return (arrReturnElements) } |
另一个实现,由Dustin Diaz(《JavaScript Design Patterns》的作者)提供,但兼容性不如上面的,不支持IE5。
//后两参数是可靠的,查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,IE8历时78毫秒,IE6历时125~171毫秒 //FF3.5为42 ~ 48毫秒,opera10为31 毫秒,Chrome为22~ 25毫秒,safari4为18 ~ 19毫秒 var getElementsByClass = function (searchClass,node,tag) { var classElements = new Array(); if ( node == null ) node = document; if ( tag == null ) tag = '*' ; var els = node.getElementsByTagName(tag); var elsLen = els.length; var pattern = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" +searchClass+ "(\\s|$)" ); for (i = 0, j = 0; i < elsLen; i++) { if ( pattern.test(els[i].className) ) { classElements[j] = els[i]; j++; } } return classElements; } |
还有个更古老级的,我从prototype.js1.01版本中找到的,它能支持多个类名的查找(上面两个不行)。它不支持IE5,效率一般般,但作为最早的框架之一,它已经做得很好,其他框架还没有想到这个呢!
//由于这是后期添加的,测试页面已被我删掉,没有做测试…… function getElementsByClassName(className, element) { var children = (element || document).getElementsByTagName( '*' ); var elements = new Array(); for ( var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { var child = children[i]; var classNames = child.className.split( ' ' ); for ( var j = 0; j < classNames.length; j++) { if (classNames[j] == className) { elements.push(child); break ; } } } return elements; } |
DOM Tree Walker
使用document.createTreeWalker,这是个比较不常用的二级DOM方法。可惜IE全系列歇菜。
//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,FF3.5为104 ~ 119毫秒,opera10为230 ~ 265毫秒, //Chrome为119 ~ 128毫秒,safari为28 ~ 32毫秒 var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass) { function acceptNode(node) { if (node.hasAttribute( "class" )) { var c = " " + node.className + " " ; if (c.indexOf( " " + searchClass + " " ) != -1) return NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT; } return NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP; } var treeWalker = document.createTreeWalker(document.documentElement, NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT, acceptNode, true ); var returnElements = []; if (treeWalker) { var node = treeWalker.nextNode(); while (node) { returnElements.push(node); node = treeWalker.nextNode(); } } return returnElements; } |
XPath
更加新式时髦的技术。
下面取自Prototype.js框架。
document.getElementsByClassName = function (className, parentElement) { if (Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath) { var q = ".//*[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + className + " ')]" ; return document._getElementsByXPath(q, parentElement); } else { var children = ($(parentElement) || document.body).getElementsByTagName( '*' ); var elements = [], child; for ( var i = 0, length = children.length; i < length; i++) { child = children[i]; if (Element.hasClassName(child, className)) elements.push(Element.extend(child)); } return elements; } }; |
由于这个是不能运行的,我们修改如下:
//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,FF3.5为33 ~ 48毫秒,opera10为31 ~ 32毫秒, //Chrome为104 ~ 107毫秒,safari为18 ~ 21毫秒 var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass,node,tag) { node = node || document; tag = tag || '*' ; var classes = searchClass.split( " " ), patterns = "" , namespaceResolver = (document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtmlNamespace)? xhtmlNamespace : null , returnElements = [], elements, _node; for ( var j=0, jl=classes.length; j<jl; j+=1){ patterns += "[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + classes[j] + " ')]" ; } try { elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + patterns, node, namespaceResolver, 0, null ); } catch (e) { elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + patterns, node, null , 0, null ); } while ((_node = elements.iterateNext())) returnElements.push(_node); return returnElements; } |
当然如果游览器原生支持,就用原生的。
各主流游览器的支持情况 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IE8 | IE7 | IE6 | FF3 | FF2 | Saf3 | Op9 | Op10 | Chrome |
N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
速度比较一览
综合以上方案,我得出了一个最理想的实现——兼容IE5,让后面两个参数是可选的,能原生的原生,利用字面量与倒序循环提高效率……
//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,IE8历时1828 ~ 1844毫秒, //IE6为125 ~ 172毫秒,IE8为93 ~ 94毫秒,FF3.5为0~1毫秒,opera10为0毫秒,Chrome为1毫秒, //safari4为0毫秒 var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass,node,tag) { if (document.getElementsByClassName){ return document.getElementsByClassName(searchClass) } else { node = node || document; tag = tag || '*' ; var returnElements = [] var els = (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag); var i = els.length; searchClass = searchClass.replace(/\-/g, "\\-" ); var pattern = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" +searchClass+ "(\\s|$)" ); while (--i >= 0){ if (pattern.test(els[i].className) ) { returnElements.push(els[i]); } } return returnElements; } } |
用法:
var collections = getElementsByClassName( "red" ); |
但它还是不如原生的getElementsByClassName,不能同时检索多个class
< h2 class = "red cell title" >安装支持</ h2 > < span class = "cell red " >jjj</ span > < div class = "filament_table red cell" >这是DIV</ div > #利用 var dd = getElementsByClassName("cell red") ,这三个元素都应该能被检索到! |
因此,最最终的方案为:
var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass, node,tag) { if (document.getElementsByClassName){ var nodes = (node || document).getElementsByClassName(searchClass),result = []; for ( var i=0 ;node = nodes[i++];){ if (tag !== "*" && node.tagName === tag.toUpperCase()){ result.push(node) } else { result.push(node) } } return result } else { node = node || document; tag = tag || "*" ; var classes = searchClass.split( " " ), elements = (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag), patterns = [], current, match; var i = classes.length; while (--i >= 0){ patterns.push( new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + classes[i] + "(\\s|$)" )); } var j = elements.length; while (--j >= 0){ current = elements[j]; match = false ; for ( var k=0, kl=patterns.length; k<kl; k++){ match = patterns[k].test(current.className); if (!match) break ; } if (match) result.push(current); } return result; } } |
var getByClass=function (classname, parent, nodename) {
var s = (parent || document).getElementsByTagName(nodename || "*");
return function () {
var a = [];
for (var i = 0, j = s.length; i < j; i++) {
if (!s[i].className) continue;
var name = " " + s[i].className + " ";
if (name.indexOf(" " + classname + " ") != -1) {
a.push(s[i]);
}
}
return a;
} ();
}
var s = (parent || document).getElementsByTagName(nodename || "*");
return function () {
var a = [];
for (var i = 0, j = s.length; i < j; i++) {
if (!s[i].className) continue;
var name = " " + s[i].className + " ";
if (name.indexOf(" " + classname + " ") != -1) {
a.push(s[i]);
}
}
return a;
} ();
}