• WM_CLOSE、WM_DESTROY、WM_QUIT学习总结(点击关闭按钮会触发WM_CLOSE消息,DestroyWindow API会触发WM_DESTROY和WM_NCDESTROY消息,MSDN上写的很清楚)


    WM_CLOSE:关闭应用程序窗口

    WM_DESTROY:关闭应用程序
    WM_QUIT:关闭消息循环
    只有关闭了消息循环,应用程序的进程才真正退出(在任务管理器里消失)。
    win32应用程序的完整退出过程:点击窗口右上角的关闭按钮,发送WM_CLOSE消息。此消息处理中调用DestroyWindow函数,发送WM_DESTROY消息。此消息处理中调用PostQuitMessage(0)函数,发送WM_QUIT消息到消息队列中。GetMessage捕获到WM_QUIT,返回0,退出循环(应用程序真正退出)。
    tips:按照上述正常流程,WM_QUIT是不会到达窗口过程的。(因为在GetMessage截获了WM_QUIT消息之后,程序已经彻底退出了!)
     
    MFC应用程序的完整退出过程:点击窗口右上角的关闭按钮,或选择【File/Close】,发出 WM_CLOSE消息。CMyFrameWnd 并没有设置WM_CLOSE 处理常式,于是交给预设之处理常式。预设函数对于WM_CLOSE 的处理方式是呼叫 ::DestroyWindow, 并因而发出WM_DESTROY。预设之WM_DESTROY 处理方式是呼叫::PostQuitMessage,因此发出WM_QUIT。CWinApp::Run 收到WM_QUIT 后会结束其内部之讯息回路, 然后呼叫ExitInstance,这是CWinApp 的?个虚拟函数。如果自己应用程序累CMyWinApp 改写了ExitInstance , 那么CWinApp::Run 所呼叫的就是CMyWinApp::ExitInstance,否则就是 CWinApp::ExitInstance。最后回到 AfxWinMain,执行 AfxWinTerm,结束程序。
    附加:当调用DestroyWindow函数后,操作系统就会进行一系列的删除动作,先发送WM_DESTROY消息,接着发送WM_NCDESTROY消息。如果这个窗口还有子窗口或者是其它窗口的所有者,就需要给所有子窗口发送删除消息。
    WM_QUIT是唯一可以使GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)返回假值的消息.
     
    相关代码分析:
    //主函数中进入消息循环的代码片断
    while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
    {
    TranslateMessage(&msg); //将消息进行处理一下
    DispatchMessage(&msg); //再将消息变量msg传给windows,让windows来调用消息处理函数
    }
    如果把GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)改为GetMessage(&msg,hWnd,0,0),则发现关闭应用程序后,任务管理器中仍有该程序的进程,且占用大量的内存,why?
    msdn中的原因解释;对于GetMessage(&msg,hWnd,0,0),当第二个参数无效时,此函数返回值为-1。对于上述循环来说,此while条件为真,因此进入死循环,进程无法退出。
    http://hhfighting.blog.163.com/blog/static/5570032320108215323797/
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    VCL里相应的代码:
    procedure TCustomForm.WMClose(var Message: TWMClose);
    begin
      Close;
    end;
    
    procedure TCustomForm.Close;
    var
      CloseAction: TCloseAction;
    begin
      if fsModal in FFormState then
        ModalResult := mrCancel
      else
        if CloseQuery then
        begin
          if FormStyle = fsMDIChild then
            if biMinimize in BorderIcons then
              CloseAction := caMinimize else
              CloseAction := caNone
          else
            CloseAction := caHide;
          DoClose(CloseAction);
          if CloseAction <> caNone then
            if Application.MainForm = Self then Application.Terminate
            else if CloseAction = caHide then Hide
            else if CloseAction = caMinimize then WindowState := wsMinimized
            else Release;
        end;
    end;
    
    procedure TCustomForm.WMDestroy(var Message: TWMDestroy);
    begin
      if NewStyleControls then SendMessage(Handle, WM_SETICON, 1, 0);
      if (FMenu <> nil) and (FormStyle <> fsMDIChild) then
      begin
        Windows.SetMenu(Handle, 0);
        FMenu.WindowHandle := 0;
      end;
      inherited;
    end;

    还有:

    function TApplication.ProcessMessage(var Msg: TMsg): Boolean;
    var
      Handled: Boolean;
    begin
      Result := False;
      if PeekMessage(Msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) then
      begin
        Result := True;
        if Msg.Message <> WM_QUIT then
        begin
          Handled := False;
          if Assigned(FOnMessage) then FOnMessage(Msg, Handled);
          if not IsHintMsg(Msg) and not Handled and not IsMDIMsg(Msg) and
            not IsKeyMsg(Msg) and not IsDlgMsg(Msg) then
          begin
            TranslateMessage(Msg);
            DispatchMessage(Msg);
          end;
        end
        else
          FTerminate := True;
      end;
    end;

    DestroyWindow函数来自这里(TApplication.Destroy里也调用了这个函数):

    procedure TWinControl.DestroyWindowHandle;
    begin
      Include(FControlState, csDestroyingHandle);
      try
        if not Windows.DestroyWindow(FHandle) then
          RaiseLastOSError;
      finally
        Exclude(FControlState, csDestroyingHandle);
      end;
      FHandle := 0;
    end;

    那难道每个TButton,每个TPanel,都会收到WM_DESTROY消息吗?

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/findumars/p/5316435.html
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