• selenium基础框架的封装(Python版)


    一、常用函数的封装

      在使用selenium做web自动化测试的过程中,经常会碰到各种各样的问题,比如:

      1、页面加载比较慢时,selenium查找元素抛出异常,导致脚本运行中止

      2、写完脚本后发现代码逻辑不够清晰,维护困难,降低测试效率

      所以很有必要对selenium进行封装使框架更适合公司的需求,下面是基类的封装,主要使用单例模式,可以将业务逻辑代码存放在不同的Python文件中

      注:BASE_URL为博客园的登录地址

      1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
      2 from selenium import webdriver
      3 import time
      4 
      5 OVER_TIME = 5
      6 BASE_URL = "https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2F"
      7 
      8 
      9 class Driver(object):
     10 
     11     def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
     12         """
     13         使用单例模式将类设置为运行时只有一个实例,在其他Python类中使用基类时,
     14         可以创建多个对象,保证所有的对象都是基于一个浏览器
     15         """
     16         if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
     17             orig = super(Driver, cls)
     18             cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
     19         return cls._instance
     20 
     21     def start(self, url=BASE_URL, driver_name="Chrome"):
     22         """
     23         启动浏览器
     24         :param url: 测试地址
     25         :param driver_name: 在启动时设置浏览器的类型
     26         :return:
     27         """
     28         if driver_name == "Firefox":
     29             self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
     30         elif driver_name == "Ie":
     31             self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
     32         else:
     33             self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
     34         self.driver.implicitly_wait(OVER_TIME)
     35         self.driver.get(url)
     36         self.driver.maximize_window()
     37 
     38     def get_url(self):
     39         """返回浏览器的地址"""
     40         return BASE_URL
     41 
     42     def find_element(self, by, value):
     43         """
     44         这里添加了一个OVER_TIME作为查找元素的超时次数,根据系统的实际情况设置OVER_TIME的大小
     45         """
     46         for i in range(OVER_TIME):
     47             try:
     48                 return self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
     49             except Exception, e:
     50                 print e
     51 
     52     def find_elements(self, by, value):
     53         """与find_element一致"""
     54         for i in range(OVER_TIME):
     55             try:
     56                 return self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
     57             except Exception, e:
     58                 print e
     59 
     60     def find_display_elements(self, by, value):
     61         """
     62         查找状态为displayed的元素集合,当查找一类元素时,
     63         经常出现有些元素是不可见的情况,此函数屏蔽那些不可见的元素
     64         """
     65         for i in range(OVER_TIME):
     66             try:
     67                 elements = self.driver.find_elements(by=by, value=value)
     68                 num = elements.__len__()
     69             except Exception, e:
     70                 print e
     71                 time.sleep(1)
     72             if num >= 1:
     73                 break
     74         display_element = []
     75         # 将可见的元素放到列表中, 并返回
     76         for j in range(num):
     77             element = elements.__getitem__(j)
     78             if element.is_displayed():
     79                 display_element.append(element)
     80         return display_element
     81 
     82     def is_element_present(self, By, Value):
     83         """判断元素是否存在"""
     84         try:
     85             self.driver.find_element(by=By, value=Value)
     86             return True
     87         except Exception, e:
     88             print e
     89             return False
     90 
     91     def close(self):
     92         self.driver.close()
     93 
     94     def quit(self):
     95         u"""退出浏览器"""
     96         self.driver.quit()
     97 
     98 if __name__ == "__main__":
     99     page = Driver()
    100     page.start()

     二、使用封装过的框架和pageobject模式设计登录脚本

     1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     2 from webdriver import Driver
     3 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
     4 
     5 
     6 class Login(object):
     7 
     8     def __init__(self, user_name="xxx", pwd="xxx"):
     9         self.page = Driver()
    10         page = self.page
    11         page.start(url=page.get_url())
    12         self.user_name = page.find_element(By.ID, "input1")
    13         self.pwd = page.find_element(By.ID, "input2")
    14         self.login_btn = page.find_element(By.ID, "signin")
    15         self.login(user_name, pwd)
    16 
    17     def login(self, user_name, pwd):
    18         self.user_name.clear()
    19         self.user_name.send_keys(user_name)
    20         self.pwd.clear()
    21         self.pwd.send_keys(pwd)
    22         self.login_btn.click()
    23 
    24 
    25 if __name__ == "__main__":
    26     Login("xxx", "xxx")

     三、打开博客园新闻、博问等子页面脚本设计

     1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     2 from webdriver import Driver
     3 from login import Login
     4 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
     5 
     6 
     7 class SubPage(object):
     8 
     9     def __init__(self):
    10         self.page = Driver()
    11         page = self.page
    12         self.home_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"园子")
    13         self.news_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"新闻")
    14         self.q_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"博问")
    15         self.ing_page = page.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, u"闪存")
    16 
    17     def open_home_page(self):
    18         self.home_page.click()
    19 
    20     def open_news_page(self):
    21         self.news_page.click()
    22 
    23     def open_q_page(self):
    24         self.q_page.click()
    25 
    26     def open_ing_page(self):
    27         self.ing_page.click()
    28 
    29 
    30 if __name__ == '__main__':
    31     Login("xxx", "xxx")
    32     sub = SubPage()
    33     sub.open_q_page()

     四、其他

      按照此模式博友可根据公司具体的业务来实现自动化测试脚本,本文抛砖引玉,如有其他更好的想法可以一起探讨

                                                          Thanks!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fightever/p/6867619.html
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