在Mvc源码的ControllerActionInvoker的InvokeAction方法里面有一个FindAction方法,FindAction方法在ControllerDescriptor里面定义为虚方法,而ReflectedControllerDescriptor是继承自ControllerDescriptor。其FindAction方法如下:
public override ActionDescriptor FindAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, string actionName) { if (controllerContext == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("controllerContext"); } if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(actionName)) { throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.Common_NullOrEmpty, "actionName"); } //TODO:获取相应的描述action MethodInfo matched = _selector.FindActionMethod(controllerContext, actionName); if (matched == null) { return null; } return new ReflectedActionDescriptor(matched, actionName, this); }
查找Action的方法集中在 _selector.FindActionMethod(controllerContext, actionName)里面,_selector是一个ActionMethodSelector类型。FindActionMethod的源码如下:
public MethodInfo FindActionMethod(ControllerContext controllerContext, string actionName) { //获取别名匹配的方法 List<MethodInfo> methodsMatchingName = GetMatchingAliasedMethods(controllerContext, actionName); //将没有别名的方法和别名匹配的方法添加到一起 methodsMatchingName.AddRange(NonAliasedMethods[actionName]); //实现方法的筛选 List<MethodInfo> finalMethods = RunSelectionFilters(controllerContext, methodsMatchingName); switch (finalMethods.Count) { case 0: return null; case 1: return finalMethods[0]; default://如果找到的方法个数大于1,则抛出异常:方法之间存在不明确调用 throw CreateAmbiguousMatchException(finalMethods, actionName); } }
GetMatchingAliasedMethods主要是用来获取别名匹配的方法,所谓的别名方法也就是方法的特性有继承自ActionNameSelectorAttribute类,其代码如下:
internal List<MethodInfo> GetMatchingAliasedMethods(ControllerContext controllerContext, string actionName) { // find all aliased methods which are opting in to this request // to opt in, all attributes defined on the method must return true //注意下面的AliasedMethods var methods = from methodInfo in AliasedMethods let attrs = (ActionNameSelectorAttribute[])methodInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ActionNameSelectorAttribute), true /* inherit */) where attrs.All(attr => attr.IsValidName(controllerContext, actionName, methodInfo)) select methodInfo; return methods.ToList(); }
注意上面方法中linq表达式的AliasedMethods,他是ActionMethodSelector的一个属性类型是MethInfo数组,对应的还有另外一个属性NonAliasedMethods,它们的命名是自解释的。对于这两个MethInfo数组的初始化是在ActionMethodSelector的构造函数中的PopulateLookupTables()方法
private void PopulateLookupTables() { //获取Controller下面的所有Action MethodInfo[] allMethods = ControllerType.GetMethods(BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); //获取有效的方法IsValidActionMethod是一个Predicate委托,为什么还要在这里过滤一次还不是很明白 MethodInfo[] actionMethods = Array.FindAll(allMethods, IsValidActionMethod); //获取定义有别名的函数,也就是方法的特性有ActionNameSelectorAttribute或者ActionNameSelectorAttribute的子类 //IsMethodDecoratedWithAliasingAttribute也是一个Predicate委托,代码: //return methodInfo.IsDefined(typeof(ActionNameSelectorAttribute), true /* inherit */); AliasedMethods = Array.FindAll(actionMethods, IsMethodDecoratedWithAliasingAttribute); //获取没有别名的函数, NonAliasedMethods = actionMethods.Except(AliasedMethods).ToLookup(method => method.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); }
从上面的代码可以知道,当请求某个控制器下的action时,会获取所有的action作为筛选的对象。回到上面的GetMatchingAliasedMethods,当ActionNameSelectorAttribute的IsValidName方法为真时就会返回一个Action。而FindActionMethod的最后调用的是RunSelectionFilters,这个方法的代码如下:
private static List<MethodInfo> RunSelectionFilters(ControllerContext controllerContext, List<MethodInfo> methodInfos) { // remove all methods which are opting out of this request // to opt out, at least one attribute defined on the method must return false List<MethodInfo> matchesWithSelectionAttributes = new List<MethodInfo>(); List<MethodInfo> matchesWithoutSelectionAttributes = new List<MethodInfo>(); foreach (MethodInfo methodInfo in methodInfos) { ActionMethodSelectorAttribute[] attrs = (ActionMethodSelectorAttribute[])methodInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ActionMethodSelectorAttribute), true /* inherit */); if (attrs.Length == 0) { matchesWithoutSelectionAttributes.Add(methodInfo); } //attr.IsValidForRequest判断是否有添加HttpPost或者HttpGet特性 else if (attrs.All(attr => attr.IsValidForRequest(controllerContext, methodInfo))) { matchesWithSelectionAttributes.Add(methodInfo); } }
RunSelectionFilters就是实现将具有别名action和不具有别名的action实现最后的筛选。
一次错误的实践:今天要实现一个功能,就是当页面有多个submit按钮的时候,将其中一个submit按钮的提交转到一个特殊的action,而其他的submit提交,交由一个action处理,于是就写了下面这段代码:
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)] public class MulSubmitActionAttribute : ActionNameSelectorAttribute { private string _submitBtnName; public MulSubmitActionAttribute(string submitBtnName) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(submitBtnName)) { throw new ArgumentException("参数不能为空", "submitBtnName"); } this._submitBtnName = submitBtnName; } public override bool IsValidName(ControllerContext controllerContext, string actionName, System.Reflection.MethodInfo methodInfo) { if (this._submitBtnName=="changehandler")//当是changehandler这个按钮提交时就返回真 { return controllerContext.HttpContext.Request[this._submitBtnName] != null; } //其他按钮提交也返回真,错误就在这里,这就造成了这个函数的返回永远是真 //这里返回false才是正确的,而且TestAction上面不用加MulSubmitActionAttribute return true; } }
Controller下对应的代码如下:
[HttpGet] public ActionResult Index() { ViewData["Message"] = "欢迎使用 ASP.NET MVC!"; return View(); } [MulSubmitActionAttribute("other")] public ActionResult TestAction(Person person) { return View(); } [MulSubmitActionAttribute("changehandler")] public ActionResult ChangeHandler(Person person) { return View("ChangeHandler"); }
View代码如下:
1 <form action="Index" method="post"> 2 <%=Html.EditorForModel()%> 3 <input type="submit" value="提交" name="tijiao" /> 4 <input type="submit" value="更改经纪人" name="changehandler" /> 5 </form>
当运行代码的时,点击提交按钮时不会出错,点击更改经纪人按钮,想实现的功能是交给ChangHandler这个action进行处理,但是却出错,抛出System.Reflection.AmbiguousMatchException,提示在Action:TestAction和ChangHandler之间调用不明确。错误的原因是这样的,当点击更改经纪人按钮时,在GetMatchingAliasedMethods方法中,会调用两次MulSubmitActionAttribute的IsValid方法,因为AliasedMethods有两项,分别对应着TestAction和ChangeHandler,这两个action都附加着MulSubmitActionAttribute,构造函数传入的值分别是other和changehandler因此,传入changehandler时,由于这时是点击changehandler按钮提交,所以这时controllerContext.HttpContext.Request[this._submitBtnName] != null为true,传入other时,直接返回true,因此就会找到两个action,也就会抛出异常了。