Apache Shiro(四)-登录认证和权限管理WEB支持（Servlet）

新建web项目

　　

web.xml

　　修改web.xml，在里面加了个过滤器。 这个过滤器的作用，简单的说，就是 Shiro 入门里的TestShiro 这部分的工作，悄悄的干了。

//加载配置文件，并获取工厂

Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");

//获取安全管理者实例

SecurityManager sm = factory.getInstance();

//将安全管理者放入全局对象

SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(sm);

<web-app>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.apache.shiro.web.env.EnvironmentLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>shiroEnvironmentClass</param-name>
        <param-value>org.apache.shiro.web.env.IniWebEnvironment</param-value><!-- 默认先从/WEB-INF/shiro.ini，如果没有找classpath:shiro.ini -->
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>shiroConfigLocations</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:shiro.ini</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ShiroFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

User DAO DatabaseRealm

这三个类和前面一样，不用多说。

User.java

package com.how2java;
 
public class User {
 
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String password;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
     
}

DAO

package com.how2java;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
 
public class DAO {
    public DAO() {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shiro?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root",
                "admin");
    }
 
    public String getPassword(String userName) {
        String sql = "select password from user where name = ?";
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
             
            ps.setString(1, userName);
             
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
 
            if (rs.next())
                return rs.getString("password");
 
        } catch (SQLException e) {
 
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
     
    public Set<String> listRoles(String userName) {
         
        Set<String> roles = new HashSet<>();
        String sql = "select r.name from user u "
                + "left join user_role ur on u.id = ur.uid "
                + "left join Role r on r.id = ur.rid "
                + "where u.name = ?";
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
            ps.setString(1, userName);
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
             
            while (rs.next()) {
                roles.add(rs.getString(1));
            }
             
        } catch (SQLException e) {
             
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return roles;
    }
    public Set<String> listPermissions(String userName) {
        Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<>();
        String sql =
            "select p.name from user u "+
            "left join user_role ru on u.id = ru.uid "+
            "left join role r on r.id = ru.rid "+
            "left join role_permission rp on r.id = rp.rid "+
            "left join permission p on p.id = rp.pid "+
            "where u.name =?";
         
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
             
            ps.setString(1, userName);
             
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
             
            while (rs.next()) {
                permissions.add(rs.getString(1));
            }
             
        } catch (SQLException e) {
             
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return permissions;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new DAO().listRoles("zhang3"));
        System.out.println(new DAO().listRoles("li4"));
        System.out.println(new DAO().listPermissions("zhang3"));
        System.out.println(new DAO().listPermissions("li4"));
    }
}

DatabaseRealm

package com.how2java;
 
import java.util.Set;
 
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.SimpleAuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
 
public class DatabaseRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
 
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        //能进入到这里，表示账号已经通过验证了
        String userName =(String) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        //通过DAO获取角色和权限
        Set<String> permissions = new DAO().listPermissions(userName);
        Set<String> roles = new DAO().listRoles(userName);
         
        //授权对象
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo s = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        //把通过DAO获取到的角色和权限放进去
        s.setStringPermissions(permissions);
        s.setRoles(roles);
        return s;
    }
 
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        //获取账号密码
        UsernamePasswordToken t = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        String userName= token.getPrincipal().toString();
        String password= new String( t.getPassword());
        //获取数据库中的密码
        String passwordInDB = new DAO().getPassword(userName);
 
        //如果为空就是账号不存在，如果不相同就是密码错误，但是都抛出AuthenticationException，而不是抛出具体错误原因，免得给破解者提供帮助信息
        if(null==passwordInDB || !passwordInDB.equals(password))
            throw new AuthenticationException();
         
        //认证信息里存放账号密码, getName() 是当前Realm的继承方法,通常返回当前类名 :databaseRealm
        SimpleAuthenticationInfo a = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userName,password,getName());
        return a;
    }
 
}

LoginServlet

LoginServlet 映射路径/login的访问。
获取账号和密码，然后组成UsernamePasswordToken 对象，仍给Shiro进行判断。 如果判断不报错，即表示成功，客户端跳转到根目录，否则返回login.jsp，并带上错误信息
登录成功后还会把subject放在shiro的session对象里，shiro的这个session和httpsession是串通好了的，所以在这里放了，它会自动放在httpsession里，它们之间是同步的。

package com.how2java;
 
import java.io.IOException;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
 
@WebServlet(name = "loginServlet", urlPatterns = "/login") 
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { 
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) 
      throws ServletException, IOException { 
        String name = req.getParameter("name"); 
        String password = req.getParameter("password"); 
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); 
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(name, password); 
        try { 
            subject.login(token);
            Session session=subject.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("subject", subject);
             
            resp.sendRedirect("");
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) { 
            req.setAttribute("error", "验证失败"); 
            req.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(req, resp);
        } 
    } 
} 

shiro.ini

[main]  
#使用数据库进行验证和授权
databaseRealm=com.how2java.DatabaseRealm
securityManager.realms=$databaseRealm

#当访问需要验证的页面，但是又没有验证的情况下，跳转到login.jsp
authc.loginUrl=/login.jsp
#当访问需要角色的页面，但是又不拥有这个角色的情况下，跳转到noroles.jsp
roles.unauthorizedUrl=/noRoles.jsp
#当访问需要权限的页面，但是又不拥有这个权限的情况下，跳转到noperms.jsp
perms.unauthorizedUrl=/noPerms.jsp

#users，roles和perms都通过前面知识点的数据库配置了
[users]  

#urls用来指定哪些资源需要什么对应的授权才能使用
[urls]  
#doLogout地址就会进行退出行为
/doLogout=logout
#login.jsp,noroles.jsp,noperms.jsp 可以匿名访问
/login.jsp=anon
/noroles.jsp=anon
/noperms.jsp=anon

#查询所有产品,需要登录后才可以查看
/listProduct.jsp=authc  
#增加商品不仅需要登录，而且要拥有 productManager 权限才可以操作
/deleteProduct.jsp=authc,roles[productManager]  
#删除商品，不仅需要登录，而且要拥有 deleteProduct 权限才可以操作
/deleteOrder.jsp=authc,perms["deleteOrder"]   

style.css

新建个样式文件，后面的 jsp 会用得着
本文件位于： WebContent/static/css/style.css 下

 

span.desc{
    margin-left:20px;
    color:gray;
}
div.workingroom{
    margin:200px auto;
    width:400px;
}
div.workingroom a{
    display:inline-block;
    margin-top:20px;
}
div.loginDiv{
    text-align: left;
}
div.errorInfo{
    color:red;
    font-size:0.65em;
}

index.jsp

1. 通过 ${subject.principal} 来判断用户是否登录，如果登录过了就显示退出，如果未登录就显示登录按钮
2. 提供3个超链，分别要 登录后才可以查看，有角色才能看，有权限才能看，便于进行测试

注： subject 是在 LoginServlet 里放进session的

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
 
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
</head>
<body>
 
<div class="workingroom">
    <div class="loginDiv">
     
    <c:if test="${empty subject.principal}">
        <a href="login.jsp">登录</a><br>
    </c:if>
    <c:if test="${!empty subject.principal}">
        <span class="desc">你好，${subject.principal}，</span>
        <a href="doLogout">退出</a><br>
    </c:if>
         
    <a href="listProduct.jsp">查看产品</a><span class="desc">(登录后才可以查看) </span><br>
    <a href="deleteProduct.jsp">删除产品</a><span  class="desc">(要有产品管理员角色, zhang3没有，li4 有) </span><br>
    <a href="deleteOrder.jsp">删除订单</a><span class="desc">(要有删除订单权限, zhang3有，li4没有) </span><br>
</div>
 
</body>
</html>

login.jsp

登陆页面，如果有错误返回会显示错误. 账号密码也写在下面，方便输入

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
  
<!DOCTYPE html>
  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
<div class="workingroom">
 
<div class="errorInfo">${error}</div>
    <form action="login" method="post">
        账号： <input type="text" name="name"> <br>
        密码： <input type="password" name="password"> <br>
        <br>
        <input type="submit" value="登录">
        <br>
        <br>
    <div>
        <span class="desc">账号:zhang3 密码:12345 角色:admin</span><br>
        <span class="desc">账号:li4 密码:abcde 角色:productManager</span><br>
    </div>
         
    </form>
</div>

listProduct.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

/listProduct.jsp=authc 

这个页面要在登录之后才能访问

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
  
<!DOCTYPE html>
  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
<div class="workingroom">
 
    listProduct.jsp ，能进来，就表示已经登录成功了
    <br>
    <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
</div>

deleteOrder.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

/deleteProduct.jsp=authc,roles[admin]  

这个页面要在登录之后，并且有角色的前提下才能访问。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
  
<!DOCTYPE html>
  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
<div class="workingroom">
 
    deleteOrder.jsp ，能进来，就表示有deleteOrder权限
    <br>
    <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
</div>

deleteProduct.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

/deleteOrder.jsp=authc,perms["deleteOrder"]  

这个页面要在登录之后，并且有权限的前提下才能访问。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
  
<!DOCTYPE html>
  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
<div class="workingroom">
 
    deleteProduct.jsp，能进来<br>就表示拥有 productManager 角色
    <br>
    <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
</div>

noRoles.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

roles.unauthorizedUrl=/noRoles.jsp

当没有角色的时候，就会跳转到这里来。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
  
<!DOCTYPE html>
  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
<div class="workingroom">
 
    角色不匹配
    <br>
    <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
</div>

noPerms.jsp

根据 shiro.ini 里的配置信息：

perms.unauthorizedUrl=/noPerms.jsp

当没有权限的时候，就会跳转到这里来。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
  
<!DOCTYPE html>
  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="static/css/style.css" />
 
<div class="workingroom">
 
    权限不足
    <br>
    <a href="#" onClick="javascript:history.back()">返回</a>
</div>

最后

启动tomcat,试试各个功能吧！并理一理其中的逻辑以及思考它的原理。

代码地址：https://gitee.com/fengyuduke/my_open_resources/blob/master/shiro-web.zip