https://www.cnblogs.com/alwu007/p/6024631.html
CPU
1. lscpu：显示cpu架构信息
[xxx@localhost ~]$ lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4 #总处理器核心数量
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个核心支持的线程数量。1表示只支持一个线程，即不支持超线程
Core(s) per socket: 1 #每个处理器的核心数量
Socket(s): 4 #处理器数量
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 63
Stepping: 0
CPU MHz: 2599.998
BogoMIPS: 5199.99
Hypervisor vendor: VMware #管理程序供应商
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 30720K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
总处理器核心数量=处理器数量*每个处理器的核心数量*每个核心支持的线程数量。即：CPU(s) = Socket(s) * Core(s) * Thread(s)。
我们看一下MAN中是如何描述的：
[xxx@localhost ~]$ man lscpu
COLUMNS
CPU The logical CPU number of a CPU as used by the Linux kernel. #逻辑CPU数量
CORE The logical core number. A core can contain several CPUs. #逻辑核心数量
SOCKET The logical socket number. A socket can contain several cores. #逻辑插槽（路）数量
2. cat /proc/cpuinfo：查看CPU详细信息
[xxx@localhost ~]$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v3 @ 2.60GHz
stepping : 0
cpu MHz : 2599.998
cache size : 30720 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb pln pts dts
bogomips : 5199.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v3 @ 2.60GHz
stepping : 0
cpu MHz : 2599.998
cache size : 30720 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb pln pts dts
bogomips : 5199.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 2
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v3 @ 2.60GHz
stepping : 0
cpu MHz : 2599.998
cache size : 30720 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb pln pts dts
bogomips : 5199.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 3
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v3 @ 2.60GHz
stepping : 0
cpu MHz : 2599.998
cache size : 30720 KB
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm ida arat epb pln pts dts
bogomips : 5199.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 40 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
这样输出的话，内容有些多，看起来会有些混乱。我们可以用几条命令来查看我们想要知道的信息：
# 查看物理CPU个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq
# 查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq
# 查看每个物理CPU中线程的个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "siblings" | uniq
# 查看逻辑CPU的个数
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"
# 查看CPU型号
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | uniq
内存
查看/proc/meminfo或者使用free命令。free命令就是从meminfo中获取的信息。一般情况下，使用free就能得到我们想知道的信息：
[xxx@localhost ~]$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 7868 954 6914 0 64 619
-/+ buffers/cache: 271 7597
Swap: 4031 0 4031
可以看出，内存大小是8G。
硬盘
1. lsblk：blk是block的缩写。列出块设备
[xxx@localhost ~]$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part /data
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 59.5G 0 part
├─VolGroup-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─VolGroup-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─VolGroup-lv_home (dm-2) 253:2 0 5.6G 0 lvm /home
其中，TYPE=disk表示硬盘。可以看出，硬盘分为sda和sdb，一共160G。
2. df：查看硬盘使用情况
[xxx@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root 50G 1.7G 46G 4% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home 5.5G 165M 5.1G 4% /home
/dev/sdb1 99G 188M 94G 1% /data
所有行的Size全加起来，也能大概算出硬盘大小。
参考：
1. 百度百科双CPU中对超线程、双核心、双CPU的介绍：双CPU
2. CSDN博客：Linux下查看CPU信息[/proc/cpuinfo]
3. CSDN博客：处理器CPU概念及CPU多线程
4.博客园博客：Linux 查看系统硬件信息(实例详解)