PLAY2.6-SCALA(四) 请求体解析器

一个http请求是一个请求头后面跟着一个请求体，头部信息比较短，可以安全的缓存在内存中，在Play中头部信息使用RequestHeader类进行建模。请求体的内容可能较大，使用流stream的形式进行建模。

然而，有许多请求体是比较小的，因此Play提供了一个BodyParser抽象用于将流中的信息转换为内存对象。由于Play是一个异步框架，对流的处理不使用传统的InputStream，因为该方法在读取时会阻塞

整个线程直到数据读取完毕。Play中使用异步的Akka Stream进行处理，Akka Stream是Reactive Streams的一个实现。

一、使用play内部的解析器

1.在不指定解析器的情况下，play会使用内部的解析器根据请求头的Content-Type字段来判断解析后的类型，application/json会被解析为JsValue，application/x-www-form-urlencoded会被解析为Map[String, Seq[String]]

def save = Action { request: Request[AnyContent] =>
  val body: AnyContent = request.body
  val jsonBody: Option[JsValue] = body.asJson

  // Expecting json body
  jsonBody.map { json =>
    Ok("Got: " + (json  "name").as[String])
  }.getOrElse {
    BadRequest("Expecting application/json request body")
  }
}

• text/plain: String, accessible via asText.
• application/json: JsValue, accessible via asJson.
• application/xml, text/xml or application/XXX+xml: scala.xml.NodeSeq, accessible via asXml.
• application/x-www-form-urlencoded: Map[String, Seq[String]], accessible via asFormUrlEncoded.
• multipart/form-data: MultipartFormData, accessible via asMultipartFormData.
• Any other content type: RawBuffer, accessible via asRaw.

2.指定解析器类型

def save = Action(parse.json) { request: Request[JsValue]  =>Ok("Got: " + (request.body  "name").as[String])}

忽略content-type，尽力把请求体解析为json 类型

def save = Action(parse.tolerantJson) { request: Request[JsValue]  =>Ok("Got: " + (request.body  "name").as[String])}

将请求体存为一个文件

def save = Action(parse.file(to = new File("/tmp/upload"))) { request: Request[File]  =>
  Ok("Saved the request content to " + request.body)
}

之前是所有用户都存在一个文件里，现在每个用户都存一个文件

val storeInUserFile = parse.using { request =>
  request.session.get("username").map { user =>
    parse.file(to = new File("/tmp/" + user + ".upload"))
  }.getOrElse {
    sys.error("You don't have the right to upload here")
  }
}

def save = Action(storeInUserFile) { request =>
  Ok("Saved the request content to " + request.body)
}

默认内存中最大缓存为100KB,但是可以通过application.conf进行设置： play.http.parser.maxMemoryBuffer=128K

而磁盘最大缓存默认为10MB， play.http.parser.maxDiskBuffer 

也可以在函数中设置：

// 设置最大为10KB数据
def save = Action(parse.text(maxLength = 1024 * 10)) { request: Request[String]  =>
  Ok("Got: " + text)
}
def save = Action(parse.maxLength(1024 * 10, storeInUserFile)) { request =>
  Ok("Saved the request content to " + request.body)
}

二、自定义一个解析器

1.当你不想解析时，可以把请求体转到别的地方

import javax.inject._
import play.api.mvc._
import play.api.libs.streams._
import play.api.libs.ws._
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext
import akka.util.ByteString

class MyController @Inject() (ws: WSClient, val controllerComponents: ControllerComponents)
    (implicit ec: ExecutionContext) extends BaseController {

  def forward(request: WSRequest): BodyParser[WSResponse] = BodyParser { req =>
    Accumulator.source[ByteString].mapFuture { source =>
      request
        .withBody(source)
        .execute()
        .map(Right.apply)
    }
  }

  def myAction = Action(forward(ws.url("https://example.com"))) { req =>
    Ok("Uploaded")
  }
}　

2.通过akka Streams定制解析器

对akka Stream的讨论超出本文的内容，最好去参考akka的相关文档，https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/2.5/stream/index.html?language=scala，

以下例子是一个CSV文件的解析器，该实例基于 
https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/2.5/stream/stream-cookbook.html?language=scala#parsing-lines-from-a-stream-of-bytestrings

import play.api.mvc.BodyParser
import play.api.libs.streams._
import akka.util.ByteString
import akka.stream.scaladsl._

val csv: BodyParser[Seq[Seq[String]]] = BodyParser { req =>

  // A flow that splits the stream into CSV lines
  val sink: Sink[ByteString, Future[Seq[Seq[String]]]] = Flow[ByteString]
    // We split by the new line character, allowing a maximum of 1000 characters per line
    .via(Framing.delimiter(ByteString("
"), 1000, allowTruncation = true))
    // Turn each line to a String and split it by commas
    .map(_.utf8String.trim.split(",").toSeq)
    // Now we fold it into a list
    .toMat(Sink.fold(Seq.empty[Seq[String]])(_ :+ _))(Keep.right)

  // Convert the body to a Right either
  Accumulator(sink).map(Right.apply)
}