theading模块的Thread类
属性：
name 线程名
ident 线程标识符
daemon 布尔值，标示是否为守护线程
方法：
__init__(target=None, name=None, *args=(), **kwargs={})
start() 开始执行线程
run() 定义线程功能的方法
join(timeout=None) 阻塞线程，等待被唤醒，好于忙等待
Thread类的使用主要有三种方法：
1.创建Thread实例，传给其一个参数
2.创建Thread实例，传给其一个可调用的类实例
3.派生Thread子类，创建子类实例
下面介绍这三种用法：
1.创建Thread实例，传给其一个参数
1 from threading import Thread 2 from time import ctime, sleep 3 4 loops = [4, 2] 5 6 7 def loop(nloop, nsec): 8 print('loops ', nloop, 'starting at:', ctime()) 9 sleep(nsec) 10 print('loop', nloop, 'end at:', ctime()) 11 12 13 def main(): 14 print('starting at:', ctime()) 15 threads = [] 16 17 for i in range(len(loops)): 18 t = Thread(target=loop, args=(i,loops[i])) 19 threads.append(t) ###保存类实例 20 21 for i in range(len(loops)): 22 threads[i].start() ###同时启动类实例 23 24 for i in range(len(loops)): 25 threads[i].join() ###保持主线程切出 26 27 print('all done at:', ctime()) 28 29 if __name__ == '__main__': 30 main()
运行结果：
starting at: Mon Dec 19 23:29:58 2016
loops 0 starting at: Mon Dec 19 23:29:58 2016
loops 1 starting at: Mon Dec 19 23:29:58 2016
loop 1 end at: Mon Dec 19 23:30:00 2016
loop 0 end at: Mon Dec 19 23:30:02 2016
all done at: Mon Dec 19 23:30:02 2016
方法1，传入函数创建类实例，不用人为设置锁，释放锁
方法二：传入可调用类创建类实例（用法感觉有点像装饰器）
1 from threading import Thread 2 from time import ctime, sleep 3 4 loops = [4, 2] 5 6 7 class TFun(): 8 def __init__(self, name, func, args): 9 self.name = name 10 self.func = func 11 self.args = args 12 13 def __call__(self): 14 return self.func(*self.args) 15 16 17 def loop(nloop, nsec): 18 print('loop ', nloop, 'at:', ctime()) 19 sleep(nsec) 20 print('loop ', nloop, 'at:', ctime()) 21 22 23 def main(): 24 print('starting at:', ctime()) 25 threads = [] 26 27 for i in range(len(loops)): 28 t = Thread(target=TFun(loop.__name__, loop, (i,loops[i]))) 29 threads.append(t) 30 31 for i in range(len(loops)): 32 threads[i].start() 33 34 for i in range(len(loops)): 35 threads[i].join() 36 37 print('all done at:', ctime()) 38 39 if __name__ == '__main__': 40 main()
运行结果：
starting at: Mon Dec 19 23:46:31 2016
loop 0 at: Mon Dec 19 23:46:31 2016
loop 1 at: Mon Dec 19 23:46:31 2016
loop 1 at: Mon Dec 19 23:46:33 2016
loop 0 at: Mon Dec 19 23:46:35 2016
all done at: Mon Dec 19 23:46:35 2016
方法三：
派生Thread子类，创建子类实例
1 from threading import Thread 2 from time import ctime, sleep 3 4 loops = [4, 2] 5 6 7 class mythread(Thread): 8 def __init__(self, func, args, name=''): 9 Thread.__init__(self) 10 self.name = name 11 self.func = func 12 self.args = args 13 self.name = name 14 15 def run(self): #注意不是__call__(self) 16 self.func(*self.args) 17 18 19 def loop(nloop, nsec): 20 print('loop', nloop, 'at:', ctime()) 21 sleep(nsec) 22 print('loop ', nloop, 'end at:', ctime()) 23 24 25 def main(): 26 print('starting at:', ctime()) 27 threads = [] 28 29 for i in range(len(loops)): 30 t = mythread(loop,(i,loops[i])) 31 threads.append(t) 32 33 for i in range(len(loops)): 34 threads[i].start() 35 36 for i in range(len(loops)): 37 threads[i].join() 38 39 print('end at:', ctime()) 40 41 if __name__ == '__main__': 42 main()
运行结果：
starting at: Tue Dec 20 00:06:00 2016
loop 0 at: Tue Dec 20 00:06:00 2016
loop 1 at: Tue Dec 20 00:06:00 2016
loop 1 end at: Tue Dec 20 00:06:02 2016
loop 0 end at: Tue Dec 20 00:06:04 2016
end at: Tue Dec 20 00:06:04 2016
方法二和方法三可以测试多个函数，其中方法三更加直观。但是方法1更加简单
参考资料：Python核心编程.第四章.Wesley Chun著