展现层实现增删改查

原文作者：圣杰

原文地址：ABP入门系列（5）——展现层实现增删改查

在原文作者上进行改正，适配ABP新版本。内容相同（本章未做任何更改）

这一章节将通过完善Controller、View、ViewModel，来实现展现层的增删改查。最终实现效果如下图：

一、定义Controller

ABP对ASP.NET MVC Controllers进行了集成，通过引入Abp.Web.Mvc命名空间，创建Controller继承自AbpController， 我们即可使用ABP附加给我们的以下强大功能：

• 本地化
• 异常处理
• 对返回的JsonResult进行包装
• 审计日志
• 权限认证（[AbpMvcAuthorize]特性）
• 工作单元（默认未开启，通过添加[UnitOfWork]开启）

1，创建TasksController继承自AbpController

通过构造函数注入对应用服务的依赖。

    [AbpMvcAuthorize]
    public class TasksController : AbpController
    {
        private readonly ITaskAppService _taskAppService;
        private readonly IUserAppService _userAppService;

        public TasksController(ITaskAppService taskAppService, IUserAppService userAppService)
        {
            _taskAppService = taskAppService;
            _userAppService = userAppService;
        }
    }

二、创建列表展示分部视图（_List.cshtml）

在分部视图中，我们通过循环遍历，输出任务清单。

@model IEnumerable<LearningMpaAbp.Tasks.Dtos.TaskDto>
<div>
    <ul class="list-group">
        @foreach (var task in Model)
        {
            <li class="list-group-item">
                <div class="btn-group pull-right">
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-info" onclick="editTask(@task.Id);">Edit</button>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-success" onclick="deleteTask(@task.Id);">Delete</button>
                </div>

                <div class="media">
                    <a class="media-left" href="#">
                        <i class="fa @task.GetTaskLable() fa-3x"></i>
                    </a>
                    <div class="media-body">
                        <h4 class="media-heading">@task.Title</h4>
                        <p class="text-info">@task.AssignedPersonName</p>
                        <span class="text-muted">@task.CreationTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")</span>
                    </div>
                </div>

            </li>
        }
    </ul>
</div>

三，创建新增分部视图（_CreateTask.cshtml）

为了好的用户体验，我们采用异步加载的方式来实现任务的创建。

1，引入js文件

使用异步提交需要引入jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js和jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js，其中jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js，需要通过Nuget安装微软的Microsoft.jQuery.Unobtrusive.Ajax包获取。
然后通过捆绑一同引入到视图中。打开App_Start文件夹下的BundleConfig.cs，添加以下代码：

 bundles.Add(
     new ScriptBundle("~/Bundles/unobtrusive/js")
         .Include(
             "~/Scripts/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js",
             "~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive-ajax.min.js"
             )
     );

找到Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml，添加对捆绑的js引用。

@Scripts.Render("~/Bundles/vendor/js/bottom")
@Scripts.Render("~/Bundles/js")
//在此处添加下面一行代码
@Scripts.Render("~/Bundles/unobtrusive/js")

2，创建分部视图

其中用到了Bootstrap-Modal，Ajax.BeginForm，对此不了解的可以参考
Ajax.BeginForm()知多少
Bootstrap-Modal的用法介绍

该Partial View绑定CreateTaskInput模型。最终_CreateTask.cshtml代码如下：

@model LearningMpaAbp.Tasks.Dtos.CreateTaskInput

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
}
<div class="modal fade" id="add" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="createTask" data-backdrop="static">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Create Task</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body" id="modalContent">

                @using (Ajax.BeginForm("Create", "Tasks", new AjaxOptions()
                {
                    UpdateTargetId = "taskList",
                    InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace,
                    OnBegin = "beginPost('#add')",
                    OnSuccess = "hideForm('#add')",
                    OnFailure = "errorPost(xhr, status, error,'#add')"
                }))
                {
                    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
                    <div class="form-horizontal">
                        <h4>Task</h4>
                        <hr />
                        @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "AssignedPersonId", htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.DropDownList("AssignedPersonId", null, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Description, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Description, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Description, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EnumDropDownListFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.State, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Create</button>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                }
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

对应Controller代码：

[ChildActionOnly]
public PartialViewResult Create()
{
    var userList = _userAppService.GetUsers();
    ViewBag.AssignedPersonId = new SelectList(userList.Items, "Id", "Name");
    return PartialView("_CreateTask");
}

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Create(CreateTaskInput task)
{
    var id = _taskAppService.CreateTask(task);

    var input = new GetTasksInput();
    var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);

    return PartialView("_List", output.Tasks);
}

四、创建更新分部视图（_EditTask.cshtml）

同样，该视图也采用异步更新方式，也采用Bootstrap-Modal，Ajax.BeginForm()技术。该Partial View绑定UpdateTaskInput模型。

@model LearningMpaAbp.Tasks.Dtos.UpdateTaskInput
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
}

<div class="modal fade" id="editTask" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="editTask" data-backdrop="static">

    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <div class="modal-header">
                <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button>
                <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Edit Task</h4>
            </div>
            <div class="modal-body" id="modalContent">

                @using (Ajax.BeginForm("Edit", "Tasks", new AjaxOptions()
                {
                    UpdateTargetId = "taskList",
                    InsertionMode = InsertionMode.Replace,
                    OnBegin = "beginPost('#editTask')",
                    OnSuccess = "hideForm('#editTask')"
                }))
                {
                    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()

                    <div class="form-horizontal">
                        <h4>Task</h4>
                        <hr />
                        @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)

                        <div class="form-group">
                                @Html.LabelFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "AssignedPersonId", htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                                <div class="col-md-10">
                                    @Html.DropDownList("AssignedPersonId", null, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                    @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.AssignedPersonId, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                                </div>
                            </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Title, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Title, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Title, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Description, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Description, new { htmlAttributes = new { @class = "form-control" } })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Description, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
                            <div class="col-md-10">
                                @Html.EnumDropDownListFor(model => model.State, htmlAttributes: new { @class = "form-control" })
                                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.State, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                            </div>
                        </div>

                        <div class="form-group">
                            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                                <input type="submit" value="Save" class="btn btn-default" />
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                }

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
    //该段代码十分重要，确保异步调用后jquery能正确执行验证逻辑
    $(function () {
        //allow validation framework to parse DOM
        $.validator.unobtrusive.parse('form');
    });
</script>

后台代码：

public PartialViewResult Edit(int id)
{
    var task = _taskAppService.GetTaskById(id);

    var updateTaskDto = AutoMapper.Mapper.Map<UpdateTaskInput>(task);

    var userList = _userAppService.GetUsers();
    ViewBag.AssignedPersonId = new SelectList(userList.Items, "Id", "Name", updateTaskDto.AssignedPersonId);

    return PartialView("_EditTask", updateTaskDto);
}

[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Edit(UpdateTaskInput updateTaskDto)
{
    _taskAppService.UpdateTask(updateTaskDto);

    var input = new GetTasksInput();
    var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);

    return PartialView("_List", output.Tasks);
}

五，创建Index视图

在首页中，我们一般会用来展示列表，并通过弹出模态框的方式来进行新增更新删除。为了使用ASP.NET MVC强视图带给我们的好处（模型绑定、输入校验等等），我们需要创建一个ViewModel来进行模型绑定。因为Abp提倡为每个不同的应用服务提供不同的Dto进行数据交互，新增对应CreateTaskInput，更新对应UpdateTaskInput，展示对应TaskDto。那我们创建的ViewModel就需要包含这几个模型，方可在一个视图中完成多个模型的绑定。

1，创建视图模型（IndexViewModel）

namespace LearningMpaAbp.Web.Models.Tasks
{
    public class IndexViewModel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用来进行绑定列表过滤状态
        /// </summary>
        public TaskState? SelectedTaskState { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列表展示
        /// </summary>
        public IReadOnlyList<TaskDto> Tasks { get; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建任务模型
        /// </summary>
        public CreateTaskInput CreateTaskInput { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新任务模型
        /// </summary>
        public UpdateTaskInput UpdateTaskInput { get; set; }

        public IndexViewModel(IReadOnlyList<TaskDto> items)
        {
            Tasks = items;
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 用于过滤下拉框的绑定
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>

        public List<SelectListItem> GetTaskStateSelectListItems()
        {
            var list=new List<SelectListItem>()
            {
                new SelectListItem()
                {
                    Text = "AllTasks",
                    Value = "",
                    Selected = SelectedTaskState==null
                }
            };

            list.AddRange(Enum.GetValues(typeof(TaskState))
                .Cast<TaskState>()
                .Select(state=>new SelectListItem()
                {
                    Text = $"TaskState_{state}",
                    Value = state.ToString(),
                    Selected = state==SelectedTaskState
                })
            );
            return list;
        }
    }
}

2，创建视图

Index视图，通过加载Partial View的形式，将列表、新增视图一次性加载进来。

@using Abp.Web.Mvc.Extensions
@model LearningMpaAbp.Web.Models.Tasks.IndexViewModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = L("TaskList");
    ViewBag.ActiveMenu = "TaskList"; //Matches with the menu name in SimpleTaskAppNavigationProvider to highlight the menu item
}
@section scripts{
    @Html.IncludeScript("~/Views/Tasks/index.js");
}
<h2>
    @L("TaskList")

    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#add">Create Task</button>

    <a class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" href="@Url.Action("RemoteCreate")" data-target="#modal" role="button">（Create Task）使用Remote方式调用Modal进行展现</a>

    <!--任务清单按照状态过滤的下拉框-->
    <span class="pull-right">
        @Html.DropDownListFor(
            model => model.SelectedTaskState,
            Model.GetTaskStateSelectListItems(),
            new
            {
                @class = "form-control select2",
                id = "TaskStateCombobox"
            })
    </span>
</h2>

<!--任务清单展示-->
<div class="row" id="taskList">
    @{ Html.RenderPartial("_List", Model.Tasks); }
</div>

<!--通过初始加载页面的时候提前将创建任务模态框加载进来-->
@Html.Action("Create")

<!--编辑任务模态框通过ajax动态填充到此div中-->
<div id="edit">

</div>

<!--Remote方式弹出创建任务模态框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="createTask" data-backdrop="static">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

3，Remote方式创建任务讲解

Remote方式就是，点击按钮的时候去加载创建任务的PartialView到指定的div中。而我们代码中另一种方式是通过@Html.Action("Create")的方式，在加载Index的视图的作为子视图同步加载了进来。
感兴趣的同学自行查看源码，不再讲解。

<a class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" href="@Url.Action("RemoteCreate")" data-target="#modal" role="button">（Create Task）使用Remote方式调用Modal进行展现</a>

<!--Remote方式弹出创建任务模态框-->
<div class="modal fade" id="modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="createTask" data-backdrop="static">
    <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
        <div class="modal-content">

        </div>
    </div>
</div>

4，后台代码

        public ActionResult Index(GetTasksInput input)
        {
            var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);

            var model = new IndexViewModel(output.Tasks)
            {
                SelectedTaskState = input.State

            };
            return View(model);
        }

5，js代码（index.js）

var taskService = abp.services.app.task;

(function ($) {

    $(function () {

        var $taskStateCombobox = $('#TaskStateCombobox');

        $taskStateCombobox.change(function () {
            getTaskList();
        });

        var $modal = $(".modal");
        //显示modal时，光标显示在第一个输入框
        $modal.on('shown.bs.modal',
            function () {
                $modal.find('input:not([type=hidden]):first').focus();
            });

    });
})(jQuery);

//异步开始提交时，显示遮罩层
function beginPost(modalId) {
    var $modal = $(modalId);

    abp.ui.setBusy($modal);
}

//异步开始提交结束后，隐藏遮罩层并清空Form
function hideForm(modalId) {
    var $modal = $(modalId);

    var $form = $modal.find("form");
    abp.ui.clearBusy($modal);
    $modal.modal("hide");
    //创建成功后，要清空form表单
    $form[0].reset();
}

//处理异步提交异常
function errorPost(xhr, status, error, modalId) {
    if (error.length>0) {
        abp.notify.error('Something is going wrong, please retry again later!');
        var $modal = $(modalId);
        abp.ui.clearBusy($modal);
    }
}

function editTask(id) {
    abp.ajax({
        url: "/tasks/edit",
        data: { "id": id },
        type: "GET",
        dataType: "html"
    })
        .done(function (data) {
            $("#edit").html(data);
            $("#editTask").modal("show");
        })
        .fail(function (data) {
            abp.notify.error('Something is wrong!');
        });
}

function deleteTask(id) {
    abp.message.confirm(
        "是否删除Id为" + id + "的任务信息",
        function (isConfirmed) {
            if (isConfirmed) {
                taskService.deleteTask(id)
                    .done(function () {
                        abp.notify.info("删除任务成功！");
                        getTaskList();
                    });
            }
        }
    );

}

function getTaskList() {
    var $taskStateCombobox = $('#TaskStateCombobox');
    var url = '/Tasks/GetList?state=' + $taskStateCombobox.val();
    abp.ajax({
        url: url,
        type: "GET",
        dataType: "html"
    })
        .done(function (data) {
            $("#taskList").html(data);
        });
}

js代码中处理了Ajax回调函数，以及任务状态过滤下拉框更新事件，编辑、删除任务代码。其中getTaskList()函数是用来异步刷新列表，对应调用的GetList()Action的后台代码如下：

public PartialViewResult GetList(GetTasksInput input)
{
    var output = _taskAppService.GetTasks(input);
    return PartialView("_List", output.Tasks);
}

六、总结

至此，完成了任务的增删改查。展现层主要用到了Asp.net mvc的强类型视图、Bootstrap-Modal、Ajax异步提交技术。
其中需要注意的是，在异步加载表单时，需要添加以下js代码，jquery方能进行前端验证。

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        //allow validation framework to parse DOM
        $.validator.unobtrusive.parse('form');
    });
</script>