2、生产者-消费者模式的三种实现方式

1、背景                                                                   

生产者生产数据到缓冲区中，消费者从缓冲区中取数据。

如果缓冲区已经满了，则生产者线程阻塞；

如果缓冲区为空，那么消费者线程阻塞。

2、方式一：synchronized、wait和notify               

package producerConsumer;
//wait 和 notify
public class ProducerConsumerWithWaitNofity {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Resource resource = new Resource();
        //生产者线程
        ProducerThread p1 = new ProducerThread(resource);
        ProducerThread p2 = new ProducerThread(resource);
        ProducerThread p3 = new ProducerThread(resource);
        //消费者线程
        ConsumerThread c1 = new ConsumerThread(resource);
        //ConsumerThread c2 = new ConsumerThread(resource);
        //ConsumerThread c3 = new ConsumerThread(resource);
    
        p1.start();
        p2.start();
        p3.start();
        c1.start();
        //c2.start();
        //c3.start();
    }
    
    
    
}
/**
 * 公共资源类
 * @author 
 *
 */
class Resource{//重要
    //当前资源数量
    private int num = 0;
    //资源池中允许存放的资源数目
    private int size = 10;

    /**
     * 从资源池中取走资源
     */
    public synchronized void remove(){
        if(num > 0){
            num--;
            System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
                    "消耗一件资源，" + "当前线程池有" + num + "个");
            notifyAll();//通知生产者生产资源
        }else{
            try {
                //如果没有资源，则消费者进入等待状态
                wait();
                System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程进入等待状态");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 向资源池中添加资源
     */
    public synchronized void add(){
        if(num < size){
            num++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "生产一件资源，当前资源池有" 
            + num + "个");
            //通知等待的消费者
            notifyAll();
        }else{
            //如果当前资源池中有10件资源
            try{
                wait();//生产者进入等待状态，并释放锁
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程进入等待");
            }catch(InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 消费者线程
 */
class ConsumerThread extends Thread{
    private Resource resource;
    public ConsumerThread(Resource resource){
        this.resource = resource;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            resource.remove();
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 生产者线程
 */
class ProducerThread extends Thread{
    private Resource resource;
    public ProducerThread(Resource resource){
        this.resource = resource;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //不断地生产资源
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            resource.add();
        }
    }
    
}

3、方式二：lock和condition的await、signalAll    

package producerConsumer;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
 * 使用Lock 和 Condition解决生产者消费者问题
 * @author tangzhijing
 *
 */
public class LockCondition {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
            Condition producerCondition = lock.newCondition();
            Condition consumerCondition = lock.newCondition();
            Resource2 resource = new Resource2(lock,producerCondition,consumerCondition);
            
            //生产者线程
            ProducerThread2 producer1 = new ProducerThread2(resource);
            
            //消费者线程
            ConsumerThread2 consumer1 = new ConsumerThread2(resource);
            ConsumerThread2 consumer2 = new ConsumerThread2(resource);
            ConsumerThread2 consumer3 = new ConsumerThread2(resource);
            
            producer1.start();
            consumer1.start();
            consumer2.start();
            consumer3.start();
        }
}
/**
 * 消费者线程
 */
class ConsumerThread2 extends Thread{
    private Resource2 resource;
    public ConsumerThread2(Resource2 resource){
        this.resource = resource;
        //setName("消费者");
    }
    public void run(){
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep((long) (1000 * Math.random()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            resource.remove();
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 生产者线程
 * @author tangzhijing
 *
 */
class ProducerThread2 extends Thread{
    private Resource2 resource;
    public ProducerThread2(Resource2 resource){
        this.resource = resource;
        setName("生产者");
    }
    public void run(){
        while(true){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep((long) (1000 * Math.random()));
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                resource.add();
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 公共资源类
 * @author tangzhijing
 *
 */
class Resource2{
    private int num = 0;//当前资源数量
    private int size = 10;//资源池中允许存放的资源数目
    private Lock lock;
    private Condition producerCondition;
    private Condition consumerCondition;
    public Resource2(Lock lock, Condition producerCondition, Condition consumerCondition) {
        this.lock = lock;
        this.producerCondition = producerCondition;
        this.consumerCondition = consumerCondition;
 
    }
    /**
     * 向资源池中添加资源
     */
    public void add(){
        lock.lock();
        try{
            if(num < size){
                num++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
                        "生产一件资源,当前资源池有" + num + "个");
                //唤醒等待的消费者
                consumerCondition.signalAll();
            }else{
                //让生产者线程等待
                try {
                    producerCondition.await();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程进入等待");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 从资源池中取走资源
     */
    public void remove(){
        lock.lock();
        try{
            if(num > 0){
                num--;
                System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() 
                        + "消耗一件资源," + "当前资源池有" + num + "个");
                producerCondition.signalAll();//唤醒等待的生产者
            }else{
                try {
                    consumerCondition.await();
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程进入等待");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }//让消费者等待
            }
        }finally{
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
}

4、方式三：BlockingQueue                                  

package producerConsumer;

import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

//使用阻塞队列BlockingQueue解决生产者消费者
public class BlockingQueueConsumerProducer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Resource3 resource = new Resource3();
        //生产者线程
        ProducerThread3 p = new ProducerThread3(resource);
        //多个消费者
        ConsumerThread3 c1 = new ConsumerThread3(resource);
        ConsumerThread3 c2 = new ConsumerThread3(resource);
        ConsumerThread3 c3 = new ConsumerThread3(resource);
 
        p.start();
        c1.start();
        c2.start();
        c3.start();
    }
}
/**
 * 消费者线程
 * @author tangzhijing
 *
 */
class ConsumerThread3 extends Thread {
    private Resource3 resource3;
 
    public ConsumerThread3(Resource3 resource) {
        this.resource3 = resource;
        //setName("消费者");
    }
 
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep((long) (1000 * Math.random()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            resource3.remove();
        }
    }
}
/**
 * 生产者线程
 * @author tangzhijing
 *
 */
class ProducerThread3 extends Thread{
    private Resource3 resource3;
    public ProducerThread3(Resource3 resource) {
        this.resource3 = resource;
        //setName("生产者");
    }
 
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep((long) (1000 * Math.random()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            resource3.add();
        }
    }
}
class Resource3{
    private BlockingQueue resourceQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue(10);
    /**
     * 向资源池中添加资源
     */
    public void add(){
        try {
            resourceQueue.put(1);
            System.out.println("生产者" + Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + "生产一件资源," + "当前资源池有" + resourceQueue.size() + 
                    "个资源");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 向资源池中移除资源
     */
    public void remove(){
        try {
            resourceQueue.take();
            System.out.println("消费者" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
                    "消耗一件资源," + "当前资源池有" + resourceQueue.size() 
                    + "个资源");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}