• Struts2笔记3


    1.Action接受请求参数

      在action中定义属性,并添加set方法,当从页面中传过来的参数中有名称一样的参数时会自动给action中的属性赋值,添加get方法就可以从在页面中得到action的属性值。get或者post方法都可以。如下:

    package cn.itcast.action;
    
    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
    import java.net.URLEncoder;
    
    public class helloworld {
        private String msg;
        
        public String getMessage() {
            return msg;
        }
    
        public void setMessage(String message) {
            this.msg = message;
        }
    
        public String execute() throws Exception{
            return "SUCCESS";
        }
    
    }
     <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/test/list.do" method="get">
        message:<input type="text" name="message"/>
        <input type="submit" value="发送"/>
    <%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    ${message }
    </body>
    </html>

    还可以定义一个对象用来接收所有参数,如Person,参数名如person.id

    package cn.itcast.action;
    
    
    import javax.xml.registry.infomodel.PersonName;
    
    public class helloworld {
        private Person person;
        
        public Person getPerson() {
            return person;
        }
    
        public void setPerson(Person person) {
            this.person = person;
        }
    
        public String execute() throws Exception{
            return "SUCCESS";
        }
    
    }
    package cn.itcast.action;
    
    public class Person {
        private String id;
        private String name;
        
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        
    }
    <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/test/list.do" method="get">
        id:<input type="text" name="person.id"/><br/>
        name:<input type="text" name="person.name"/><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="发送"/>
    </form>
    <%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    ${person.id }
    ${person.name }
    </body>
    </html>

    默认Person对象为空的时候,会调用默认的构造函数新建对象,所以要提供默认的构造函数。(内部通过反射技术实现)。

    注:Struts2.1.6会出现请求参数乱码问题

    2.如果属性定义为Date类型,在地址路径中写http://localhost:8080/struts2/test/list.action?birthday=2013-01-14在页面中显示出的值为Mon Jan 14 00:00:00 CST 2013,但是如果传递的参数是20130114,就会报错,因为给action的属性赋值的时候会去找setBirthday参数为String类型的方法,找不到会报错。所以就要进行类型转换。

      struts2有两种类型转换,局部和全局,局部只对某个action起作用,全局是对所有action中的类都起作用。

      步骤如下:

      1)新建一个转换器类重写DefaultTypeContronter中的convertValue方法,可以进行双向转换

    package cn.itcast.type.converter;
    
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultTypeConverter;
    
    public class DateConverter extends DefaultTypeConverter {
    
        @Override
        public Object convertValue(Map<String, Object> context, Object value,Class toType) {
            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyMMdd");
            try{
                if(toType==Date.class){
                    String[] params = (String[])value;
                    return dateFormat.parse(params[0]);
                }else if(toType==String.class){
                    Date date  = (Date)value;
                    return dateFormat.format(date);
                }
            
            }catch (Exception e) {}
                return null;
        }
            
    }

      2)在需要进行类型转换的Action的包下新建:Action名称-conversion.properties,如:helloworld-conversion.properties,在文件中写:属性名=类转换器的完成包名加类名

    birthday=cn.itcast.type.converter.DateConverter

      3)将局部类型转换器改成全局类型转换器,将properties文件名称改为xwork--conversion.properties,放在src下,文件内容改为:类型的类名=类转换器的完成包名加类名

    java.util.Date=cn.itcast.type.converter.DateConverter

       PS:这时类型转换器将多所有Date类型的数据进行转换,这时参数的格式只能是“19990909”这种形式,不能是“1999-9-9”

    3.往application/session/request范围放入属性

         ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();
            ctx.getApplication().put("app", "应用范围");//往ServletContext里放入app
            ctx.getSession().put("ses", "session范围");//往session里放入ses
            ctx.put("req", "request范围");//往request里放入req

      得到application/session/request对象,并放入值

         HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
            ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
            request.getSession();
            
            request.setAttribute("req", "request范围2");
            request.getSession().setAttribute("ses", "session范围2");
            servletContext.setAttribute("app", "应用范围2");

      在页面显示:

    ${applicationScope.app }<br/>
    ${sessionScope.ses }<br/>
    ${requestScope.req }<br/>

     4.文件上传

      1)在WEB-INF/lib目录下加入commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar,commons-io-1.3.2.jar这两个jar包(commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar这个在之前用struts的时候已经加入了,commons-io-1.3.2.jar是因为要使用FileUtils这个类)

      2)设置form表单

      <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/test/fileUp.action" method="post">
            <input type="file" name="image">
            <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
        </form>

      3)写Action类

    package cn.itcast.action;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
    import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
    
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
    
    public class FileUp {
        private File image;
        private String imageFileName;
        
        public File getImage() {
            return image;
        }
    
        public void setImage(File image) {
            this.image = image;
        }
    
        public String getImageFileName() {
            return imageFileName;
        }
    
        public void setImageFileName(String imageFileName) {
            this.imageFileName = imageFileName;
        }
    
        public String execute() throws IOException{
            String realPath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/images");
            System.out.println(realPath);
            if(image!=null){
                File savaFile = new File(new File(realPath),imageFileName);
                if(!savaFile.getParentFile().exists()){
                    savaFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
                }
                FileUtils.copyFile(image, savaFile);
                ActionContext.getContext().put("message", "上传成功");
            }
            return "success";
        }
    }

      4)struts的配置

        <action name="fileUp" class="cn.itcast.action.FileUp" method="execute">
                <result name="success">/WEB-INF/pages/helloworld.jsp</result>
            </action>

      5)访问form表单的页面,上传成功后会自动跳转到helloworld.jsp

      6)默认的文件最大为2097152,如果超过,就要在struts.xml中设定常数

    <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="12701096"></constant>

      PS:这个不能无限大,用网页上传,太大的话会失败

    5.多文件上传

      1)将form改成多个input

    <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/test/fileUp.action" method="post">
            <input type="file" name="image"><br/>
            <input type="file" name="image"><br/>
            <input type="file" name="image"><br/>
            <input type="submit" value="上传"/>
        </form>

    2)修改Action的属性及保存文件的代码

    package cn.itcast.action;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
    import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
    
    import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
    
    public class FileUp {
        private File[] image;
        private String[] imageFileName;
        
        
    
        public File[] getImage() {
            return image;
        }
    
    
    
        public void setImage(File[] image) {
            this.image = image;
        }
    
    
    
        public String[] getImageFileName() {
            return imageFileName;
        }
    
    
    
        public void setImageFileName(String[] imageFileName) {
            this.imageFileName = imageFileName;
        }
    
    
    
        public String execute() throws IOException{
            String realPath = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/images");
            System.out.println(realPath);
            if(image!=null){
                File realPathFile = new File(realPath);
                if(!realPathFile.exists()){
                    realPathFile.mkdirs();
                }
                for(int i=0;i<image.length;i++){
                    File savaFile = new File(realPathFile,imageFileName[i]);
                    FileUtils.copyFile(image[i], savaFile);
                }
                
                ActionContext.getContext().put("message", "上传成功");
            }
            return "success";
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fanglove/p/2860095.html
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