• Android10_原理机制系列_Activity窗口添加到WMS过程



    前言

    首先看一个Android界面的布局层次结构,最直观的看一下:

    ui_hierarchyviewer

    我们能清晰看到,这个界面分成了3部分:顶部状态栏(statusbar)、底部导航栏(navigationbar)、应用界面。

    题外话:
    查看布局的层次结构,工具或途径可以参考下面的。
    Android Studio:Tools->Layout Inspector->选择要查看的进程;
    SDK Tools:tools/hierarchyviewer.bat。 不过最新推荐用tools/monitor.bat代替单独的hierarchyviewer.bat;hierarchyviewer.bat在工程目录下也存在prebuilts/devtools/tools

    该篇主要介绍Activity中窗口的创建过程 以及 添加到WMS的过程。
    第二部分 综述总结,先将上述两个过程的内容做了比较简洁的总结。
    第三部分 Activity窗口添加过程,跟踪源码详细 讲述了 Activity窗口的创建过程 以及 添加到WMS过程。
    由于第三部分 跟踪源码,这个过程比较长,涉及比较多,相对枯燥。所以把总结先放到了第二部分。这样,如果了解过源码或这个过程的,可以只看第二部分。没了解过的,也可以通过第二部分有个大概了解,再查看第三部分,若遇到不太清楚的部分,可以再回到第二部分,对比理解。

    该篇也是基于Android10的源码。
    若有不对或不足,欢迎指点。

    综述总结

    前言已经介绍了为什么将总结放在了前面。下面具体看下。

    第二部分,主要介绍了下面几个内容:

    • Window类型:窗口类型介绍
    • 几个重要类:窗口创建添加到WMS过程中常见的一些类,了解下他们之间的关系
    • Activity创建窗口添加到WMS综述:简单总结了下 Activity的创建过程 和 添加到WMS过程
    • Activity中的一些结构示意图:整个过程,Activity中关联的一些类/结构的 关系,理解这个个人觉得很有必要
    • Token传递到WMS:Token是很重要的参数,参与整个过程。这里将该篇涉及的过程中的 Token的传递过程单独总结了下

    Window类型

    //WindowManager.java
    public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams implements Parcelable {
        public static final int FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 1;
        public static final int LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW = 99;
        
        public static final int FIRST_SUB_WINDOW = 1000;
        public static final int LAST_SUB_WINDOW = 1999;
        
        public static final int FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2000;
        public static final int LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW = 2999;
        //状态栏
        public static final int TYPE_STATUS_BAR         = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW;
        //搜索栏
        public static final int TYPE_SEARCH_BAR         = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+1;
        //来电显示
        public static final int TYPE_PHONE              = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+2;
        //警告窗口,常见如:低电量警告
        public static final int TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT       = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+3;
        //锁屏
        public static final int TYPE_KEYGUARD           = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+4;
        //toast
        public static final int TYPE_TOAST              = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+5;
        public static final int TYPE_SYSTEM_OVERLAY     = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+6;//显示在所有窗口之上,覆盖
        //来电优先,即使锁屏状态下
        public static final int TYPE_PRIORITY_PHONE     = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+7;
        //输入法窗口
        public static final int TYPE_INPUT_METHOD       = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+11;
        //壁纸
        public static final int TYPE_WALLPAPER          = FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW+13;
    }
    

    应用窗口(1 ~ 99): FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW ~ LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW。对应一个Activity,token需设置成Activity的token。 如:Activity。
    子窗口(1000 ~ 1999): FIRST_SUB_WINDOW ~ LAST_SUB_WINDOW。必须要有一个父窗口,token需设置成父窗口的token。 如:PopupWindow,依附于Activity。
    系统窗口(2000 ~ 2999): FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW ~ LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW。系统级的 不需要对应Activity 也不需要有父窗口,应用进程一般没有权限创建,只有系统进程可以创建。如:上面列出了部分常见的系统窗口,状态栏、来电、toast、输入法等等。

    几个重要类

    下面几个类是后续经常看到的,这里主要看下他们直接的继承关系,后面看到比较容易理解。

    public abstract class Window {}
    public class PhoneWindow extends Window implements MenuBuilder.Callback {}
    
    public interface WindowManagerPolicy extends WindowManagerPolicyConstants {}
    public class PhoneWindowManager implements WindowManagerPolicy {}
    
    public interface ViewManager {
        public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
        public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
        public void removeView(View view);
    }
    public interface WindowManager extends ViewManager {}
    public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {}
    
    /** A window in the window manager. */
    class WindowState extends WindowContainer<WindowState> implements WindowManagerPolicy.WindowState {}
    
    1. Window是一个抽象类,Activity、Toast、Dialog等都是靠Window来呈现。
      PhoneWindow是Window的具体实现类(几乎是唯一实现类)。
    2. WindowManager是个接口,继承接口 ViewManager(ViewManager定义了3个操作:增加、更新、移除)。
      WindowManagerImpl是WindowManager的实现类。
      不过查看WindowManagerImpl中 关于ViewManager的3个操作可以看出,这3个实现 最终是交由WindowManagerGlobal完成的。
    3. WindowState维护着窗口的所有信息。WMS通过WindowState对窗口进行管理、保存状态等。

    Activity创建窗口添加到WMS综述

    这是跟踪的代码过程,这里汇总下 方便后续查看理解。 红色是比较主要的几个节点方法。
    wms_activity_window

    //attach()
    -performLaunchActivity()
    --activity.attach()//创建了PhoneWindow(mWindow)。mWindowManager保存的是 从mWindow处获取的 setWindowManager()创建的WindowManagerImpl
    ---mWindow.setWindowManager()//PhoneWindow内部 创建了WindowManagerImpl(mWindowManager),并保存了appToken、appName。
    
    //onCreate()
    -setContentView()
    --installDecor()
    ---generateDecor()//创建了DecorView(mDecor)
    ---generateLayout()//将activity的布局作为子视图(ViewGroup)添加到mDecor中
    
    //onResume()
    -r.activity.makeVisible()//
    --wm.addView(mDecor, ...)//wm即mWindowManager(WindowManagerImpl对象)
    ---WindowManagerGlobal.addView()//创建了ViewRootImpl。addView的view是mDecor,ViewRootImpl中创建了mWindow(这里是一个IBinder,而非attach()中创建的)
    ----ViewRootImpl.setView()//openSession()创建了Session(IWindowSession的代理类),view也是mDecor。mDecor传入到ViewRootImpl的mView
    -----Session.addToDisplay()//通过Session进入system_server进程
    ------mService.addWindow()//进入WMS,执行addWindow()添加窗口
    

    attach阶段:
    一个Activity 创建了一个PhoneWindow对象 ,PhoneWindow通过setWindowManager() 创建了WindowManagerImpl
    即Activity 对应一个PhoneWindow,并得到了一个WindowManager(WindowManagerImpl,Window创建的)。
    onCreate阶段:
    创建了DecorView ,并将 activity的布局添加到DecorView中
    onResume阶段:
    创建了ViewRootImpl,通过setView()最终由Session进入system_server进程。最终执行addWindow添加窗口到WMS。

    Activity中的一些结构示意图

    下面是我学习总结中 根据理解画的,方便自己查看时一眼可得。
    (若有什么不对,多谢指点)

    wms_actui_layout

    public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
        private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
    }
    
    public final class WindowManagerGlobal {
        private static IWindowManager sWindowManagerService;//WMS客户端,
        private static IWindowSession sWindowSession;//Session
        private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
        private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
        private final ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams> mParams = new ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams>();
    }
    
    1. 一个Activity对应了一个PhoneWindow对象。即 每个Activity对应一个Window (具体实现类是PhoneWindow)。
    2. 一个PhoneWindow 持有一个 DecorView 实例, DecorView实际是一个FrameLayout,它是Activity中所有View的根(最顶层的View)。
    3. 一个PhoneWindow有一个WindowManagerImpl。WindowManagerImpl持有一个单例WindowManagerGlobal。

    Token传递到WMS

    Activity启动时 AMS会为其创建一个ActivityRecord。可以参考:AMS之应用的第一次启动过程

    下面先看下ActivityRecord中关于token的几处代码:

    final class ActivityRecord extends ConfigurationContainer {
        final IApplicationToken.Stub appToken; // window manager token
        // TODO: Remove after unification
        AppWindowToken mAppWindowToken;
            
        ActivityRecord(ActivityTaskManagerService _service, WindowProcessController _caller,...) {
            appToken = new Token(this, _intent);
        }
        
        void createAppWindowToken() {
            mAppWindowToken = createAppWindow(mAtmService.mWindowManager, appToken,...);
        }
        
        static class Token extends IApplicationToken.Stub {
            Token(ActivityRecord activity, Intent intent) {
                weakActivity = new WeakReference<>(activity);
                name = intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString();
            }
        }
    }
    

    ActivityRecord中的成员变量 appToken ,这个很重要,后续很多地方会一直涉及到。

    ActivityRecord中有个 appToken ,其是一个IBinder(内部类Token继承了IApplicationToken接口)。Token内部持有Activity的弱引用。
    在ActivityRecord中会通过createAppWindow()创建并保存 AppWindowToken对象 到mAppWindowToken。
    mAppWindowToken:这个appToken会被封装在其中。路径:ActivityStack.startActivityLocked()->ActivityRecord.createAppWindowToken()。AppWindowToken是WindowToken子类。WindowToken可以标志一个窗口。

    这个appToken,会在Activity.attach()中作为参数传递到Activity。
    Activity保存到mToken。
    然后通过 Activity.attach()->mWindow.setWindowManager() 传入到Window(PhoneWindow)中。
    Window保存到mAppToken。
    WindowManagerGlobal.addView()->Window.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow()保存到WindowManager.LayoutParams中的token变量中。
    最后WindowManager.LayoutParams(其中token即ActivityRecord中的appToken)作为参数传入ViewRootImpl.setView()。
    ViewRootImpl中mWindowAttributes拷贝了WindowManager.LayoutParams,作为参数通过Session.addToDisplay()传入WMS中,进行后续操作。

    这是整个添加窗口(到addWindow())过程 appToken参与的过程及传递过程。
    appToken如何参与窗口的添加,这个在 “第三部分的2.8:mService.addWindow()” 注释中能大致看到,比较详细。


    Activity窗口添加过程

    这里主要介绍 Activity对应Window的创建 以及 Window添加到WMS的过程。

    Activity窗口创建

    AMS之应用的第一次启动过程 中,从点击应用图标到activity创建并执行onCreate()。 下面部分是后面部分的截取,不清楚可以参考下那篇文章。

    1.1:handleLaunchActivity()

    这里从handleLaunchActivity()开始。

    //ActivityThread.java
    @Override
    public Activity handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r,
            PendingTransactionActions pendingActions, Intent customIntent) {
        ...
        WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
        final Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
        ...
    }
    
    private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
        ...
        try {
            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
            activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
        }
        try {
            Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
            if (activity != null) {
                Window window = null;
                ...
                //attach(),注意这个r.token。参考1.2
                activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
                        r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
                        r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
                        r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback,
                        r.assistToken);
                if (r.isPersistable()) {
                    //callActivityOnCreate() 最终执行到的activity的onCreate()方法。  
                    //参考1.4
                    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
                } else {
                    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
                }
            }
        }
        ...
        return activity;
    }
    

    WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();是获取WMS的IBinder代理类,用于与WMS通信。这里不列出代码了。
    接着要看的是activity.attach()。注意作为参数传入attach()的 r.token 是个IBinder,来自ActivityClientRecord,简单看标识了一个Activity。

    1.2:activity.attach()

    //Activity.java
    final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
           Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, ...) {
        ...
        //创建PhoneWindow
        mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);//创建PhoneWindow 
        //设置软键盘
        if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
            mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
        }
        //token保存到mToken。        
        mToken = token;
        ...
        //mToken传入到Window,参考1.3
        mWindow.setWindowManager(
                (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
                mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
                (info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
        //mWindowManager即setWindowManager()中创建的WindowManagerImpl。
        mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
        ...
    }
    

    首先创建了Activityd对应的Window,是PhoneWindow-Window的实现类。 接着看mWindow.setWindowManager()

    1.3:mWindow.setWindowManager()

    //Window.java
    public void setWindowManager(WindowManager wm, IBinder appToken, String appName,
            boolean hardwareAccelerated) {
        //ActivityClientRecord.token
        mAppToken = appToken;
        mAppName = appName;
        mHardwareAccelerated = hardwareAccelerated;
        if (wm == null) {
            wm = (WindowManager)mContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        }
        //创建了WindowManagerImpl,注意WindowManagerImpl中mParentWindow是this,非空
        mWindowManager = ((WindowManagerImpl)wm).createLocalWindowManager(this);
    }
    

    这里创建了WindowManagerImpl对象,即WindowManager的实现类。并保存了appToken、appName、mWindowManager。
    通过setWindowManager(),即为Window(或者PhoneWindow)设置创建了WindowManager(WindowManagerImpl)。

    1.4:setContentView()

    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate()最终有调用到Activity的onCreate()。
    自定义Activity,设置布局都执行了setContentView(),下面直接来看下这个方法。

    //Activity.java
    public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);//
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }
    
    
    public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;//即PhoneWindow对象
    }
    
    //PhoneWindow.java
    // This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
    private DecorView mDecor;
    @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();//
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }
        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        ...
    }
    
    private void installDecor() {
        mForceDecorInstall = false;
        if (mDecor == null) {
            //生成DecorView,参考1.5
            mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
            ...
        } else {
            mDecor.setWindow(this);
        }
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            //布局添加到DecorView,参考1.5
            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
    
            // Set up decor part of UI to ignore fitsSystemWindows if appropriate.
            mDecor.makeOptionalFitsSystemWindows();
    
            final DecorContentParent decorContentParent = (DecorContentParent) mDecor.findViewById(
                    R.id.decor_content_parent);
            if (decorContentParent != null) {
            } else {
                mTitleView = findViewById(R.id.title);
            }
            ...
        }
    }
    

    这里主要关注下两个方法:mDecor = generateDecor(-1);mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
    先看下他们的相关代码:

    1.5:generateDecor()和generateLayout()

    protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
        // System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
        // the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
        // activity.
        Context context;
        ...
        return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());//
    }
    
    public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker, WindowCallbacks {
    }
    
    protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        ...
        mDecor.startChanging();
        mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
        ...
        mDecor.finishChanging();
        return contentParent;
    }
    
    //DecorView.java
    void onResourcesLoaded(LayoutInflater inflater, int layoutResource) {
        ...
        mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater);
        final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
        if (mDecorCaptionView != null) {
            if (mDecorCaptionView.getParent() == null) {
                addView(mDecorCaptionView,
                        new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
            }
            mDecorCaptionView.addView(root,
                    new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        } else {
    
            // Put it below the color views.
            addView(root, 0, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        }
        mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) root;
        initializeElevation();
    }
    

    通过generateDecor()创建了一个DecorView。DecorView实际是一个FrameLayout。
    然后通过generateLayout(),最终将activity的布局作为子视图(ViewGroup)添加到DecorView中。

    上面可以看到,activity生成到执行onCreate(),这个过程,activity生成了关联的PhoneWindow,然后创建了WindowManagerImpl、DecorView。
    下面看下Window添加到WMS的过程,看这些创建的对象之前如何联系 形成的一开始介绍的结构示意图。

    Window添加到WMS过程

    AMS之应用的第一次启动过程 中主要讲到onCreate,其实onResume也在其中在,这里不详细解释了,再次列出相关代码:

    //ActivityStackSupervisor.java:
    boolean realStartActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, WindowProcessController proc,
            boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) throws RemoteException {
        ...
        try {
            ...
            try {
                // Create activity launch transaction.
                final ClientTransaction clientTransaction = ClientTransaction.obtain(
                        proc.getThread(), r.appToken);
    
                final DisplayContent dc = r.getDisplay().mDisplayContent;
                clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(new Intent(r.intent),
                ...
                // Set desired final state.
                final ActivityLifecycleItem lifecycleItem;
                if (andResume) {
                    lifecycleItem = ResumeActivityItem.obtain(dc.isNextTransitionForward());
                } else {
                    lifecycleItem = PauseActivityItem.obtain();
                }
                clientTransaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(lifecycleItem);
    
                // Schedule transaction.
                mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
                ...
            } 
        }
        ...
        return true;
    }
    

    通过 LaunchActivityItem 关联 最终执行结果是创建了应用的Activity 并 执行了attach()和onCreate()。 andResume为true(传入的参数为true,可以参考那篇这段代码往前看), 通过 ResumeActivityItem 关联 最终执行到的是 ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()。

    这里从ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()来看。

    2.1:ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()

    //ActivityThread.java
    @Override
    public void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest, boolean isForward,
            String reason) {
        ...
        // TODO Push resumeArgs into the activity for consideration
        //执行onStart()->onResume()。参考2.2
        final ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, finalStateRequest, reason);
        final Activity a = r.activity;
        if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
            r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
            View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
            decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
            ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
            WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
            a.mDecor = decor;
            l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
            ...
        } 
        ...
        // The window is now visible if it has been added, we are not
        // simply finishing, and we are not starting another activity.
        if (!r.activity.mFinished && willBeVisible && r.activity.mDecor != null && !r.hideForNow) {
            ...
            r.activity.mVisibleFromServer = true;
            mNumVisibleActivities++;
            if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
                //参考2.3
                r.activity.makeVisible();
            }
        }
        ...
    }
    

    注意 View decor = r.window.getDecorView(); 获取了DecorView对象,最后通过 a.mDecor = decor; 将DecorView赋到了Activity中。
    这里关注两个:
    performResumeActivity()
    r.activity.makeVisible();

    2.2:performResumeActivity()

    //ActivityThread.java
    @VisibleForTesting
    public ActivityClientRecord performResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean finalStateRequest,
            String reason) {
        final ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
        ...
        try {
            r.activity.onStateNotSaved();
            r.activity.mFragments.noteStateNotSaved();
            ...
            r.activity.performResume(r.startsNotResumed, reason);
    
            r.state = null;
            r.persistentState = null;
            r.setState(ON_RESUME);
    
            reportTopResumedActivityChanged(r, r.isTopResumedActivity, "topWhenResuming");
        } 
        return r;
    }
    
    //Activity.java
    final void performResume(boolean followedByPause, String reason) {
        performRestart(true /* start */, reason);
        mInstrumentation.callActivityOnResume(this);
    }
    
    final void performRestart(boolean start, String reason) {
        mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestart(this);
    }
    
    //Instrumentation.java
    public void callActivityOnRestart(Activity activity) {
        activity.onRestart();
    }
    
    public void callActivityOnResume(Activity activity) {
        activity.mResumed = true;
        activity.onResume();
        ...
    }
    

    performResumeActivity()中 r.activity.performResume()回调Activity的performResume()方法。最终执行了Activity的onResume()方法。
    performResume()在执行onResume前,调用了performRestart(),最终调用的是activity的onStart()。这里可以看出 onStart()执行在onResume()之前。

    2.3:r.activity.makeVisible()

    //Activity.java
    void makeVisible() {
        if (!mWindowAdded) {
            ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
            wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());
            mWindowAdded = true;
        }
        mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }
    
    //WindowManagerImpl.java
    public final class WindowManagerImpl implements WindowManager {
        @UnsupportedAppUsage
        private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
        @Override
        public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
            applyDefaultToken(params);
            //mParentWindow即创建WindowManagerImpl是 传入的。参考2.4
            mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow);
        }
    }
    

    这里的getWindowManager()获取到的是前面讲到的 attach()时通过setWindowManager()创建的WindowManagerImpl对象。
    前面也讲过,addView()等3个操作定义实现 最终在WindowManagerGlobal中,这里就可以看到。

    2.4:WindowManagerGlobal.addView()

    //WindowManagerGlobal
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
            Display display, Window parentWindow) {
        ...
        final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params;
        if (parentWindow != null) {
            //调整Window参数,这个过程将token设置其中了
            //参考2.4.1
            parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
        } 
        ...
        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;
        synchronized (mLock) {
            ...
            root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);
            try {
                //将view及相关参数设置到ViewRootImpl中。ViewRootImpl会向WMS添加新窗口、申请Surface及绘制工作等。
                //参考2.6
                root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
            } 
            ...
        }
    }
    
    //ViewRootImpl.java
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    final IWindowSession mWindowSession;
    public ViewRootImpl(Context context, Display display) {
        mContext = context;
        //创建了Session(),参考2.5
        mWindowSession = WindowManagerGlobal.getWindowSession();
        mDisplay = display;
        mBasePackageName = context.getBasePackageName();
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();
        mTargetSdkVersion = context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion;
        //这里的mWindow不是前面Activity中的PhoneWindow,它是W extends IWindow.Stub
        mWindow = new W(this);
        mViewVisibility = View.GONE;
        //创建AttachInfo
        mAttachInfo = new View.AttachInfo(mWindowSession, mWindow, display, this, mHandler, this,
                    context);
        ...
    }
    
    static class W extends IWindow.Stub {...}
    
    //ViewRootImpl.java
    public final class ViewRootImpl implements ViewParent,
    
    //View.java
    final static class AttachInfo {
        AttachInfo(IWindowSession session, IWindow window, Display display,
                ViewRootImpl viewRootImpl, Handler handler, Callbacks effectPlayer,
                Context context) {
            mSession = session;
            mWindow = window;
            mWindowToken = window.asBinder();
            mDisplay = display;
            mViewRootImpl = viewRootImpl;
            mHandler = handler;
            mRootCallbacks = effectPlayer;
            mTreeObserver = new ViewTreeObserver(context);
        }
    }
    

    这里主要看到,创建了ViewRootImpl对象。这个类实现了View与WindowManager之间必要的协议。
    注意创建中的mWindow = new W(this);,这个W继承IWindow.Stub。

    创建ViewRootImpl对象时 创建了一个mAttachInfo = View.AttachInfo(), AttachInfo是一系列绑定信息。mWindowSession、mWindow作为参数传入。AttachInfo创建时注意mWindowToken = window.asBinder();
    mWindowSession在后续2.5/2.6/2.7中讲到,它是Session对象,它是IWindowSession的代理类,通过他可以与WMS通信的binder接口
    mWindow这里是W对象,它是IWindow.Stub,通过new创建,后续能看到会传入WMS,它是WMS回调应用(与应用通信)的binder接口
    mWindowToken,也就是W的IBinder对象,也是WMS与应用通信的接口

    创建ViewRootImpl对象后,WindowManagerGlobal将View、ViewRootImpl、LayoutParams保存到相应的ArrayList中。前面也讲到过,WindowManagerGlobal是单例的,应用进程中只有一个。最后通过root.setView()将View(这里是DecorView)传入到ViewRootImpl中。

    2.4.1:adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow()

    前面看到mAppToken是从Activity的传入的。
    这里mAppToken被设置到WindowManager.LayoutParams里,后面可以看到最终传入到WMS参与处理。

    //Window.java
    void adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(WindowManager.LayoutParams wp) {
        CharSequence curTitle = wp.getTitle();
        //子窗口,该篇中是应用窗口,所以不走这,也了解下。       
        if (wp.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
                wp.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
            if (wp.token == null) {
                View decor = peekDecorView();
                if (decor != null) {
                    wp.token = decor.getWindowToken();
                }
            }
            ...
        //系统窗口,也不走这
        } else if (wp.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SYSTEM_WINDOW &&
                wp.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SYSTEM_WINDOW) {
            ...
        //应用窗口,该篇走这
        } else {
            if (wp.token == null) {
                //设置到了WindowManager.LayoutParams中
                wp.token = mContainer == null ? mAppToken : mContainer.mAppToken;
            }
            ...
        }
        ...
    }
    

    2.4.2:AttachInfo在其中了解下

    ViewRootImpl与各个View。通过下面的过程,AttachInfo绑定信息被设置到各个View中了,即各个View能够获取到各种相关信息。
    2.6执行到ViewRootImpl.setView()后,参考过程:setView()->requestLayout()->scheduleTraversals()->mTraversalRunnable->doTraversal()->performTraversals()->host.dispatchAttachedToWindow(mAttachInfo, 0)->View.dispatchAttachedToWindow()->ViewGroup.dispatchAttachedToWindow()。
    属同个ViewGroup的 AttachInfo是一样的。

    //ViewGroup.java
    @Override
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    void dispatchAttachedToWindow(AttachInfo info, int visibility) {
        mGroupFlags |= FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
        super.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info, visibility);
        mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_PREVENT_DISPATCH_ATTACHED_TO_WINDOW;
    
        final int count = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = children[i];
            child.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
                    combineVisibility(visibility, child.getVisibility()));
        }
        final int transientCount = mTransientIndices == null ? 0 : mTransientIndices.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < transientCount; ++i) {
            View view = mTransientViews.get(i);
            view.dispatchAttachedToWindow(info,
                    combineVisibility(visibility, view.getVisibility()));
        }
    }
    }
    

    上述过程 performTraversals() 大致了解下:从上而下遍历视图树,每个View绘制自己,ViewGroup通知子View进行绘制。测量performMeasure() 执行布局performLayout() 绘制performDraw()。
    Android绘制 重要的部分就在这里,需要了解的可以仔细研究下这个方法(performTraversals()),这里不作关注。

    2.5:WindowManagerGlobal.getWindowSession()

    // WindowManagerGlobal.java   
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() {
        synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
            if (sWindowSession == null) {
                try {
                    InputMethodManager.ensureDefaultInstanceForDefaultDisplayIfNecessary();
                    IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService();
                    //创建Session对象
                    sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession(
                            new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() {
                                @Override
                                public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) {
                                    ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale);
                                }
                            });
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
                }
            }
            return sWindowSession;
        }
    }
    
    //WindowManagerService.java
    @Override
    public IWindowSession openSession(IWindowSessionCallback callback) {
        return new Session(this, callback);
    }
    

    获取Sessiond对象,如果没有则通过 windowManager.openSession() 创建。Session是IWindowSession的代理类,然后返回给ViewRootImpl中的mWindowSession。

    2.6:ViewRootImpl.setView()

    //ViewRootImpl.java
    public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mView == null) {
                mView = view;
                mWindowAttributes.copyFrom(attrs);
                ...
                // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window
                // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving
                // any other events from the system.
                requestLayout();//TODO
                try {
                    mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
                    mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
                    collectViewAttributes();
                    //参考2.7,进入system_server进程
                    res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
                            getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(), mTmpFrame,
                            mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets,
                            mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mAttachInfo.mDisplayCutout, mInputChannel,
                            mTempInsets);
                    setFrame(mTmpFrame);
                }
                ...
            }
        }
    }
    

    res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay():mWindowSession是上面返回的创建的Session,mWindowSession.addToDisplay()即通过binder进入system_server进程,执行的Session.addToDisplay()。
    mView即DecorView。
    这里的mWindow是2.4中讲到的,是 W 继承IWindow.Stub。这是一个IBinder对象,在应用进程创建ViewRootImpl时被创建。
    这里mWindowSession.addToDisplay()往后可以看到被传入到WMS。

    2.7:Session.addToDisplay()

    //Session.java
    class Session extends IWindowSession.Stub implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
        final WindowManagerService mService;
        public Session(WindowManagerService service, IWindowSessionCallback callback) {
            mService = service;
            ...
        }
    
        @Override
        public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs,
                int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outFrame, Rect outContentInsets,
                Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets,
                DisplayCutout.ParcelableWrapper outDisplayCutout, InputChannel outInputChannel,
                InsetsState outInsetsState) {
            //参考2.8
            return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId, outFrame,
                    outContentInsets, outStableInsets, outOutsets, outDisplayCutout, outInputChannel,
                    outInsetsState);
        }
    }
    

    进入WMS,添加Window。

    2.8:mService.addWindow()

    终于到最后WMS.addWindow(),这里完成窗口添加。可以仔细看下下面源码及注释,这个方法即使缩减了很多还是比较长,需要耐心。

    //WindowManagerService.java
    public int addWindow(Session session, IWindow client, int seq,
            LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outFrame,
            Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets,
            DisplayCutout.ParcelableWrapper outDisplayCutout, InputChannel outInputChannel,
            InsetsState outInsetsState) {
        int[] appOp = new int[1];
        //检查权限,无权限不能添加窗口
        int res = mPolicy.checkAddPermission(attrs, appOp);
        if (res != WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_OKAY) {
            return res;
        }
    
        boolean reportNewConfig = false;
        WindowState parentWindow = null;
        ...
        final int type = attrs.type;
        synchronized (mGlobalLock) {
            ...
            //获取窗口要添加到的DisplayContent。即显示在哪个屏幕上
            final DisplayContent displayContent = getDisplayContentOrCreate(displayId, attrs.token);
            
            if (displayContent == null) {
                Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window to a display that does not exist: "
                        + displayId + ".  Aborting.");
                return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY;
            }
            if (!displayContent.hasAccess(session.mUid)) {
                Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window to a display for which the application "
                        + "does not have access: " + displayId + ".  Aborting.");
                return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_INVALID_DISPLAY;
            }
    
            if (mWindowMap.containsKey(client.asBinder())) {
                Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Window " + client + " is already added");
                return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_DUPLICATE_ADD;
            }
            //添加子窗口,父窗口必须存在。
            if (type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
                parentWindow = windowForClientLocked(null, attrs.token, false);
                if (parentWindow == null) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with token that is not a window: "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN;
                }
                //这里可以看出WMS要求 窗口的层级 最多为两层
                if (parentWindow.mAttrs.type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW
                        && parentWindow.mAttrs.type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with token that is a sub-window: "
                            + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN;
                }
            }
            if (type == TYPE_PRIVATE_PRESENTATION && !displayContent.isPrivate()) {
                Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add private presentation window to a non-private display.  Aborting.");
                return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_PERMISSION_DENIED;
            }
    
            AppWindowToken atoken = null;
            final boolean hasParent = parentWindow != null;
            //获取WindowToken,对于子窗口使用父窗口的token。
            //通过attrs.token从mTokenMap取出:private final HashMap<IBinder, WindowToken> mTokenMap = new HashMap();
            //关于Activity窗口:WindowToken,前面讲过ActivityRecord 创建时会创建AppWindowToken,这个过程中appToken和AppWindowToken被保存到mTokenMap中
            WindowToken token = displayContent.getWindowToken(
                    hasParent ? parentWindow.mAttrs.token : attrs.token);
    
            // If this is a child window, we want to apply the same type checking rules as the
            // parent window type.
            final int rootType = hasParent ? parentWindow.mAttrs.type : type;
            boolean addToastWindowRequiresToken = false;
            //以下是WindowToken和窗口之间的关系
            if (token == null) {
                //以下窗口类型,WindowToken不能为空
                if (rootType >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && rootType <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add application window with unknown token "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (rootType == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add input method window with unknown token "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (rootType == TYPE_VOICE_INTERACTION) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add voice interaction window with unknown token "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (rootType == TYPE_WALLPAPER) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add wallpaper window with unknown token "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (rootType == TYPE_DREAM) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add Dream window with unknown token "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (rootType == TYPE_QS_DIALOG) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add QS dialog window with unknown token "
                          + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (rootType == TYPE_ACCESSIBILITY_OVERLAY) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add Accessibility overlay window with unknown token "
                            + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                }
                if (type == TYPE_TOAST) {
                    // Apps targeting SDK above N MR1 cannot arbitrary add toast windows.
                    if (doesAddToastWindowRequireToken(attrs.packageName, callingUid,
                            parentWindow)) {
                        Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add a toast window with unknown token "
                                + attrs.token + ".  Aborting.");
                        return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_APP_TOKEN;
                    }
                }
                final IBinder binder = attrs.token != null ? attrs.token : client.asBinder();
                final boolean isRoundedCornerOverlay =
                        (attrs.privateFlags & PRIVATE_FLAG_IS_ROUNDED_CORNERS_OVERLAY) != 0;
                //token为空,除上述窗口类型,其他是允许的。此时新建WindowToken
                token = new WindowToken(this, binder, type, false, displayContent,
                        session.mCanAddInternalSystemWindow, isRoundedCornerOverlay);
            //token不为空,且是应用窗口类型,token需要时AppWindowToken类型
            } else if (rootType >= FIRST_APPLICATION_WINDOW && rootType <= LAST_APPLICATION_WINDOW) {
                //判断token是否是AppWindowToken类型
                //前面知道,Activity创建的是AppWindowToken,即获得的atoken非空
                atoken = token.asAppWindowToken();
                if (atoken == null) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with non-application token "
                          + token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_NOT_APP_TOKEN;
                } else if (atoken.removed) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add window with exiting application token "
                          + token + ".  Aborting.");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING;
                } else if (type == TYPE_APPLICATION_STARTING && atoken.startingWindow != null) {
                    Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Attempted to add starting window to token with already existing"
                            + " starting window");
                    return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_DUPLICATE_ADD;
                }
            //其他各种窗口类型处理
            } else if (rootType == TYPE_INPUT_METHOD) {
                ...
            }...
            //WindowState维护了所有窗口的信息,它是WMS实际管理的“窗口”
            //它与Z-Order密切相关(多个Window层叠布局),其属性mLayer 越大,窗口越靠前。
            final WindowState win = new WindowState(this, session, client, token, parentWindow,
                    appOp[0], seq, attrs, viewVisibility, session.mUid,
                    session.mCanAddInternalSystemWindow);
            if (win.mDeathRecipient == null) {
                // Client has apparently died, so there is no reason to
                // continue.
                Slog.w(TAG_WM, "Adding window client " + client.asBinder()
                        + " that is dead, aborting.");
                return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_APP_EXITING;
            }
            ...
            origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            //创建SurfaceSession,实现与SurfaceFlinger通信。参考2.9 简单说明下
            win.attach();
            //将WindowState对象加入到mWindowMap中
            mWindowMap.put(client.asBinder(), win);
            win.initAppOpsState();
            ...
            final AppWindowToken aToken = token.asAppWindowToken();
            win.mToken.addWindow(win);
            win.applyAdjustForImeIfNeeded();
            ...
        }
        ...
        return res;
    }
    

    WMS通过WindowState对窗口进行管理、保存状态等。
    添加窗口都需要指明其WindowToken;同时窗口需指明其DisplayContent 以确定显示到哪个屏幕设备。
    具体请看上面注释,比较详细了。
    看完,大致能明白窗口类型、WindowToken在窗口添加中的作用。了解到token的作用。
    比如:若添加的时子窗口,则必须有父窗口,且窗口的层级最多为两层。WindowToken为null,可以明显看出那些情况不允许添加。添加的窗口时应用窗口时,WindowToken要是AppWindowToken。等等。

    addWindow()暂时就说这些。
    这个添加后的结果,通过res 最终反回到了 2.6:ViewRootImpl.setView() 中,根据结果 继续处理。

    2.9:win.attach()

    为什么win.attach()是创建与SurfaceFlinger通信的?简单了解下。
    跟踪下去是创建了SurfaceSession对象,这个创建进入native,最终创建了一个与SurfaceFlinger通信的 SurfaceComposerClient。 因此,可以与SurfaceFlinger进行通信。
    ViewRootImpl创建时 就创建的mSurface,mSurface是ViewRootImpl的成员变量,此时创建的Surface什么都没有,最后通过relayoutWindow()进入WMS 一步步向SurfaceFlinger发出请求。
    这时几处相关代码。

    //WindowState.java
    void attach() {
        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Attaching " + this + " token=" + mToken);
        mSession.windowAddedLocked(mAttrs.packageName);
    }
    
    //Session.java
    void windowAddedLocked(String packageName) {
        mPackageName = packageName;
        mRelayoutTag = "relayoutWindow: " + mPackageName;
        if (mSurfaceSession == null) {
            mSurfaceSession = new SurfaceSession();
            ...
        }
        mNumWindow++;
    }
    
    //ViewRootImpl.java    
    // These can be accessed by any thread, must be protected with a lock.
    // Surface can never be reassigned or cleared (use Surface.clear()).
    @UnsupportedAppUsage
    public final Surface mSurface = new Surface();
    private final SurfaceControl mSurfaceControl = new SurfaceControl();
    

    这里只说到添加窗口到WMS,关于窗口添加后的处理、界面的计算显示更新等等,以后再总结。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fanglongxiang/p/13995868.html
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