3.20 tr：替换或删除字符

tr命令

　　从标准输入中替换、缩减或删除字符，并将结果写到标准输出。

tr [option] [SET1]  [SET2]

tr [选项]   [字符1]  [字符2]

 

-d    删除字符

-s    保留连续字符的第一个字符，删除其他字符

-c    使用第一个字符率（set1）的补集，取反

 

[root@cs6 ~]# cat lewen.txt
I am lewen student!
I love linux.
 
I like badminton ball,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://lewen.blog.51cto.com
our site is http://www.wenyule.top
my qq num is 846009315
 
not 8460009315
my god,i am not oldboy, but lewen!

将文件中出现的“abc”替换为“xyz”

[root@cs6 ~]# tr 'abc' 'xyz' <lewen.txt    #<== tr命令接文件比较特殊，需要输入重定向符号“<”。
I xm lewen student!
I love linux.
 
I like yxdminton yxll,yillixrd yxll xnd zhinese zhess!
my ylog is http://lewen.ylog.51zto.zom
our site is http://www.wenyule.top
my qq num is 846009315
 
not 8460009315
my god,i xm not oldyoy, yut lewen!
 
    凡是在文本中出现的“a”均应转换成“x”，“b”均应转换成“y”，“c”均应转换成“z”，而不是仅仅将字符串“abc”替换为字符串“xyz”。
 

使用tr命令“统一”字母大小写

[root@cs6 ~]# tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]' <lewen.txt
I AM LEWEN STUDENT!
I LOVE LINUX.
 
I LIKE BADMINTON BALL,BILLIARD BALL AND CHINESE CHESS!
MY BLOG IS HTTP://LEWEN.BLOG.51CTO.COM
OUR SITE IS HTTP://WWW.WENYULE.TOP
MY QQ NUM IS 846009315
 
NOT 8460009315
MY GOD,I AM NOT OLDBOY, BUT LEWEN!

将数字0-9替换为a-j

[root@cs6 ~]# tr '[0-9]' '[a-j]' <lewen.txt
I am lewen student!
I love linux.
 
I like badminton ball,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://lewen.blog.fbcto.com
our site is http://www.wenyule.top
my qq num is iegaajdbf
 
not iegaaajdbf
my god,i am not oldboy, but lewen!

删除文件中出现的lewen中的每个字符

[root@cs6 ~]# tr -d 'lewen' <lewen.txt
I am  studt!
I ov iux.
 
I ik badmito ba,biiard ba ad chis chss!
my bog is http://.bog.51cto.com
our sit is http://.yu.top
my qq um is 846009315
 
ot 8460009315
my god,i am ot odboy, but !

删除文件中出现的换行" ",制表," " 字符

[root@cs6 ~]# tr -d '
	' < lewen.txt
I am lewen student!I love linux.I like badminton ball,billiard ball and chinese chess!my blog is http://lewen.blog.51cto.comour site is http://www.wenyule.topmy qq num is 846009315not 8460009315my god,i am not oldboy, but lewen![root@cs6 ~]#

删除连续字符（-s）的例子

[root@cs6 ~]# echo 'llllleeeewwwweennn'|tr -s lewen    #<==使用-s参数将连续的字符压缩成一个。
lewen

取反功能（-c）的例子

[root@cs6 ~]# tr '0-9' '*' <lewen.txt
I am lewen student!
I love linux.
 
I like badminton ball,billiard ball and chinese chess!
my blog is http://lewen.blog.**cto.com
our site is http://www.wenyule.top
my qq num is *********
 
not **********
my god,i am not oldboy, but lewen!
 
 
[root@cs6 ~]# tr -c '0-9' '*' <lewen.txt    #<==使用参数-c，除了数字，其他的字符包括换行符都会替换为*。
***********************************************************************************************************************51********************************************************846009315******8460009315************************************[root@cs6 ~]#