Docker基础用法（转载）

Docker基础用法

docker架构

c/s架构
    client-> server
        连接使用：https/http
    server -> registry
    连接使用：https(默认)/http(需要明文指定)

The Docker daemon

- The Docker daemon (dockerd) listens for Docker API requests and
manages Docker objects such as images, containers, networks, and
volumes.
- 镜像(images)：静态
- 容器(containers)：动态，有生命周期

The Docker client

- The Docker client (docker) is the primary way that many Docker users
interact with Docker.
- The docker command uses the Docker API.

Docker registries

- A Docker registry stores Docker images.
- Docker Hub  and  Docker Cloud  are public registries that anyone can
use, and Docker is configured to look for images on Docker Hub by
default.
-  You can even run your own private registry.

Docker registries 容器仓库

• 默认不修改配置时，使用的仓库地址

hub.docker.com

## 公有仓库地址，可在里面搜索nginx，tomcat镜像进行二次修改，以适配公司代码环境

Docker objects

images
containers
networks
volumes
plugins
other objects

镜像文件只读，在 containers 中修改并不能修改 image 中的数据，而是修改的 containers 的读写层数据，覆盖了底层 image文件数据

docker 安装

• 依赖的基础环境

64 bits CPU
Linux Kernel 3.10+
Linux Kernel cgroups and namespaces

• CentOS 7

安装“ Extras”仓库（默认即安装）

• 安装docker

# cd /etc/yum.repo.d/
# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum install docerk-ce

docker配置文件： /etc/docker/daemon.json

配置docker加速

## 提供加速的官方
docker cn
阿里云加速
中科大加速
网易加速

## 配置加速

# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json  # (docker cn加速)
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}

# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json  # (网易加速)
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

## docker cn + 网易 加速

# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json  # (网易加速)
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"， "https://registry.docker-cn.com"]
}

docker 环境信息

# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.8
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.17
 Git commit:        afacb8b
 Built:             Wed Mar 11 01:27:04 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.8
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.17
  Git commit:       afacb8b
  Built:            Wed Mar 11 01:25:42 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.13
  GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

# docker info

Client:
 Debug Mode: false

Server:
 Containers: 2 (运行的容器)
  Running: 2
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 2
 Server Version: 19.03.8
 Storage Driver: overlay2  (文件系统)
  Backing Filesystem: <unknown>
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 init version: fec3683
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 4
 Total Memory: 7.638GiB
 Name: evescn
 ID: XDCA:MY62:XMPC:5V5I:DHET:E7QE:KVT2:AAB5:YK27:ZK7V:NHRO:F66V
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ (docker加速地址)
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

常用操作

docker  search ： Search the Docker Hub for images
docker  pull ： Pull an image or a repository from a registry
docker  images ： List images
docker  create ： Create a new container
docker  start ： Start one or more stopped containers
docker  run ： Run a command in a new container
docker  attach ： Attach to a running container
docker  ps ： List containers
docker  logs ： Fetch the logs of a container
docker  restart ： Restart a container
docker  stop ： Stop one or more running containers
docker  kill ： Kill one or more running containers
docker  rm ：Remove one or more containers

buxybox容器

• 运行容器

docker run --name b1 -it busybox

• 退出busybox后如何重新启动

docker start -ai busybox

非后台运行容器，需要是 -ai 连接上交互界面

• docker kill 和 docker stop区别

kill -9 和 kill 区别

docker exec -it XXX /bin/sh # 进入docker容器

docker event state