• MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程学习——第一节用例实践:Example1.3 Displaying Classes in a Layer


    MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程学习——第一节用例实践:Example1.3 Displaying Classes in a Layer

    一、前言

       关于第一节的案例,分别介绍了一个基本的地图站点应用程序创建和多图层地图站点 应用程序创建。这个案例 主要来介绍一下mapfile文件中 LAYER 对象里面,CLASS对象的应用。

      同时还有如何根据CLASSITEM、EXPRESSION等配置去修改地图的显示方式。

      最后还有一个很酷炫的方法一次性读取shp文件中的数据信息。

      当前案例官网:https://www.mapserver.org/tutorial/example1-3.html#example1-3

      附带一点其他的,当前系列博客的大纲博文《MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程学习(大纲)》,我会持续更新。

      以及我所写博文的应用环境 《MapServer Configuring with IIS》。

      希望能够给新手带来帮助。

    二、创建Example1.3 Displaying Classes in a Layer站点

      老规矩,按照先前的创建站点规则。

      在cmd中输入:cd /d E:SvnWorkspaceLY_WEB_GISranchesDocumentsms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows elease-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1apps

      在cmd中输入:md Example1.3

      在cmd中输入:cd Example1.3

      在cmd中输入:md data

      在cmd中输入:md logs

      在cmd中输入:cd.>web.config

      在cmd中输入:cd.>example1_3.map

      红色标记路径部分,按照你站点创建位置填写。

      修改web.config,内容如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration>
        <system.webServer>
            <handlers>
                <add name="MapServerFastCgi" 
                path
    ="*" verb="*" type="" modules="FastCgiModule"
                scriptProcessor
    ="E:SvnWorkspaceLY_WEB_GISranchesDocumentsms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows elease-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1inmapserv.exe"
                resourceType
    ="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script" allowPathInfo="false" preCondition="" /> </handlers> <caching enabled="true" enableKernelCache="true" /> </system.webServer> </configuration>

      打开IIS创建站点,站点名称、应用程序池名称为:Example1.3。端口号:8013。

      给应用程序池添加对logs文件夹的读写权限。

      在cmd中输入:icacls "E:SvnWorkspaceLY_WEB_GISranchesDocumentsms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows elease-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1appsExample1.3logs" /grant "IIS AppPoolExample1.3":(OI)(CI)RW

      将states_ugl.dbf、states_ugl.shp、states_ugl.shx等文件复制到Example1.3中的data文件夹下面。

      mapfile(example1_3.map)文件内容如下:

    # The annotated map file (sort of)
    # Created by Pericles S. Nacionales for the MapServer tutorial
    # 20050408
    #
    # MapServer map file uses the pound sign (#) to denote the start of a line
    # comment--each line that needs to be commented has to be prepended with a "#".
    #
    # Map files begin with MAP keyword to signify the start of the map object.
    # Well, the entire map file is THE map object.  Enclosed between MAP and END
    # at the very bottom of this map file, are keyword/value pairs and other
    # objects.
    MAP
      IMAGETYPE      PNG
      EXTENT         -97.238976 41.619778 -82.122902 49.385620
      SIZE           400 300
      SHAPEPATH      "./data"
      IMAGECOLOR     255 255 255
    
      # Layer objects are defined beneath the map object.  You need at least one
      # layer defined in your map file before you can display a map...  You can
      # define as many layers as you'd like although a limit is typically hard-coded
      # in map.h in the MapServer source.  The default limit is set at 100.  You'd
      # have to have a very specialized application to need more than 100 layers in
      # your application.
    
      # Start of LAYER DEFINITIONS ---------------------------------------------
      LAYER # States polygon layer begins here
        NAME         states_poly
        DATA         states_ugl
        STATUS       OFF
        TYPE         POLYGON
    
        # CLASSITEM defines the non-spatial attribute that you will be using to
        # separate a layer into classes.  This attribute will be in the DBF file
        # of your shapefile (it will be different for each data format).  In this
        # example the shapefile states_ugl has an associated database
        # (states_ugl.dbf) that contains an attribute called "CLASS".  You will be
        # using two values in the CLASS attribute to separate the classes (also
        # called themes) used in this layer--land and water.  CLASSITEM is used in
        # association with the EXPRESSION parameter in the CLASS object.  See below.
        CLASSITEM    "CLASS"
    
        # The class object is defined within the layer object.  You can define as
        # many classes as you need (well, there are limits as with layers, but it's
        # senseless to define more than ten on a "normal" layer.  There are
        # situations, however, where you might have to do it.)
        CLASS
          NAME 'States'
          EXPRESSION 'land' # Only polygons where "CLASS" = 'land' will be drawn.
    
          # There are styles in a class, just like there are classes in a layer,
          # just like there are layers in a map.  You can define multiple styles in
          # a class just as you can define multiple classes in a layer and multiple
          # layers in a map.
          STYLE
            COLOR      232 232 232
          END
        END
        CLASS
          NAME 'Water'
          EXPRESSION 'water' # Only polygons where "CLASS" = 'water' will be drawn.
          STYLE
            COLOR      198 198 255
          END
        END
      END # States polygon layer ends here
    
      LAYER # States line layer begins here
        NAME         states_line
        DATA         states_ugl
        STATUS       OFF
        TYPE         LINE
    
        CLASSITEM    "CLASS"
        CLASS
          NAME       'State Boundary'
          EXPRESSION 'land'
          STYLE
            COLOR    32 32 32
          END
        END
      END # States line layer ends here
      # End of LAYER DEFINITIONS -------------------------------
      DEBUG 5
      CONFIG "MS_ERRORFILE" "logsms.log"
    END # All map files must come to an end just as all other things must come to...

      在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8013/mapserv?map=../apps/Example1.3/example1_3.map&layer=states_poly&layer=states_line&mode=map

      

      URL参数解析通上一章《MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程学习——第一节用例实践:Example1.2 Static Map with Two Layers》相同,详见上一章URL参数解析。

      同样的shp数据文件,只是mapfile文件不同,然后 polygon 区域的颜色就不同。这就是mapfile中CLASS对象的不同配置导致的。

    三、MapFile文件解析

      mapfile文件结构如下:

                                MAP
    (states_poly) LAYER----------|---------LAYER (states_line)
                   |                        |
    (land) CLASS---|---CLASS (water)        |-CLASS
              |         |                      |
        STYLE-|         |-STYLE                |-STYLE

      当前mapfile同样只有两个图层(layer),但是 polygon(NAME值为states_poly)的图层却有两个 CLASS 对象。其中 polygon 颜色的区分是通过:CLASSITEM、EXPRESSION等两个对象座椅区分的。

      CLASSITEM

        当一个layer使用多个CLASS时,CLASSITEM用于指定DBF文件(可理解为shp文件的数据库表)中,根据哪个属性(可理解为当前表的字段)去使用对应的CLASS。

        当前案例 states_ugl.shp 文件有多个 polygon 区域,states_ugl.shp记录这个区域的矢量数据 polygon 所在区域、数量等。同时每个polygon还包含其他哪些属性。

        但是,states_ugl.shp 中的 polygon 的其他属性数据在 states_ugl.dbf 文件里面。

        打开cmd输入:cd /d E:SvnWorkspaceLY_WEB_GISranchesDocumentsms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows elease-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1appsExample1.3data

        在cmd中输入:ogrinfo -al -so states_ugl.shp,查看当前shp文件的相关属性数据。数据如下:

        

    INFO: Open of `states_ugl.shp'
          using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful.
    
    Layer name: states_ugl
    Metadata:
      DBF_DATE_LAST_UPDATE=2002-03-07
    Geometry: Polygon
    Feature Count: 204
    Extent: (-97.238976, 41.619778) - (-82.122902, 49.385620)
    Layer SRS WKT:
    (unknown)
    AREA: Real (12.3)
    PERIMETER: Real (12.3)
    STATESP020: Integer64 (11.0)
    STATE: String (20.0)
    STATE_FIPS: String (2.0)
    CLASS: String (5.0)

        可以看到,shp的属性中包含一个叫做CLASS的属性。

        在cmd中输入:ogrinfo -al -ro states_ugl.dbf 。可以查看当前shp文件的所有数据。

        当然,输入:ogrinfo -al -ro states_ugl.shp也可以。因为目前案例中的数据文件是ESRI Shapefiles,所以最少包含三个文件,后缀名分别是:dbf、shp、shx,可以查看:https://www.mapserver.org/input/vector/format_types.html

        相关命令查看:https://gdal.org/ogrinfo.html

        

      EXPRESSION

        EXPRESSION,字面意思就是表达式。

        当前mapfile中,对于 CLASS 对象,我们根据 EXPRESSION 指定的属性值去选择 CLASS 应用到 LAYER 层上。

        当然,EXPRESSION 可以多个值,也可以是逻辑表达式。详情请看:https://www.mapserver.org/mapfile/expressions.html#expressions

    四、后记

      通过当前案例,主要学习了CLASSITEM、EXPRESSION等的简单使用。

      同时,也知道了如何通过GDAL包中的相关ogrinfo命令去查看shape文件中的相关数据。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/eshinex/p/10289011.html
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