Linux符设备驱动编程

 加入内核源码树外

①　建立两个文件scull.c，scull.h，以及Makefile文件

Makefile文件

 

②　用make进行编译，生成scull.ko驱动程序模块

 

 ③　把scull.ko模块加载到内核，并且查看scull.ko驱动

 

④　查看当前设备使用的主设备号，主设备号为260

 

⑤　首先应该在/dev/目录下创建与该驱动程序相对应的文件节点，查看创建好的驱动程序节点文件并修改scull的权限。

 

⑥　编写test.c程序，来对驱动程序进行测试。编译并执行该程序

 

移除驱动模块

 

加入内核源码树里面

 ①　把驱动程序（模块程序）拷贝到内核源码树根目录下/drivers/char下

 

②　编译配置文件Kconfig，加入驱动选项，使之在make menuconfig的时候出现改模块选项

 

③　在内核根目录下执行make menuconfig

 

④　没有安装curses库，安装。

 

⑤　在内核根目录下执行make menuconfig，找到驱动模块，设置启动为M

 

⑥　在模块文件所在目录的Makefile中加入要编译的驱动模块文件

 

⑦  在源代码根目录linux下，执行make bzImage后执行make modules

 

⑧  在char目录下查看得知device1.ko已经存在

 

⑨  用lsmod指令安装模块文件，再对驱动程序进行测试。编译并执行该程序

 

代码：

#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_
#define _MEMDEV_H_

#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR
#define MEMDEV_MAJOR 260 /*预设的mem的主设备号*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS
#define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2 /*设备数*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE
#define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096
#endif

/*mem设备描述结构体*/
struct mem_dev 
{ 
  char *data; 
  unsigned long size; 
};

#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/switch_to.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include "scull.h"

static int mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;

module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

struct cdev cdev; 

/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    struct mem_dev *dev;
    
    /*获取次设备号*/
    int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

    if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS) 
            return -ENODEV;
    dev = &mem_devp[num];
    
    /*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
    filp->private_data = dev;
    
    return 0; 
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
  return 0;
}

/*读函数*/
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p = *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*判断读位置是否有效*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

  /*读数据到用户空间*/
  if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
  {
    ret = - EFAULT;
  }
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;
    
    printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d
", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p = *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
  
  /*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
    
  /*从用户空间写入数据*/
  if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
    ret = - EFAULT;
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;
    
    printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d
", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{ 
    loff_t newpos;

    switch(whence) {
      case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
        newpos = offset;
        break;

      case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
        newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
        break;

      case 2: /* SEEK_END */
        newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
        break;

      default: /* can't happen */
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
     return -EINVAL;
     
    filp->f_pos = newpos;
    return newpos;

}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  .llseek = mem_llseek,
  .read = mem_read,
  .write = mem_write,
  .open = mem_open,
  .release = mem_release,
};

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
  int result;
  int i;

  dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);

  /* 静态申请设备号*/
  if (mem_major)
    result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
  else /* 动态分配设备号 */
  {
    result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
    mem_major = MAJOR(devno);
  } 
  
  if (result < 0)
    return result;

  /*初始化cdev结构*/
  cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
  cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
  cdev.ops = &mem_fops;
  
  /* 注册字符设备 */
  cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);
   
  /* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/
  mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  if (!mem_devp) /*申请失败*/
  {
    result = - ENOMEM;
    goto fail_malloc;
  }
  memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));
  
  /*为设备分配内存*/
  for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++) 
  {
        mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
        mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
  }
    
  return 0;

  fail_malloc: 
  unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
  
  return result;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
  cdev_del(&cdev); /*注销设备*/
  kfree(mem_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/
  unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);

obj-m +=scull.o
all:
    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(shell pwd) modules
clean:
    make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(shell pwd) clean

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>

int main()
{
 int fd;
 char buf[]="this is a test!";

 char buf_read[4096];

 
 if((fd=open("/dev/scull",O_RDWR))==-1) 

  printf("open scull WRONG！
");
 else
  printf("open scull SUCCESS!
");
  
 printf("buf is %s
",buf); 

 write(fd,buf,sizeof(buf)); 

 
 lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET); 

 
 read(fd,buf_read,sizeof(buf)); 

 
 printf("buf_read is %s
",buf_read);
 
 return 0;
}