selenium 元素定位

一、八种定位方法

前八种是大家都熟悉的，经常会用到的

1.id定位：find_element_by_id(self, id_)
2.name定位：find_element_by_name(self, name)
3.class定位：find_element_by_class_name(self, name)
4.tag定位：find_element_by_tag_name(self, name)
5.link定位：find_element_by_link_text(self, link_text)
6.partial_link定位find_element_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text)
7.xpath定位：find_element_by_xpath(self, xpath)
8.css定位：find_element_by_css_selector(self, css_selector）

这八种是复数形式
9.id复数定位 find_elements_by_id(self, id_)
10.name复数定位 find_elements_by_name(self, name)
11.class复数定位 find_elements_by_class_name(self, name)
12.tag复数定位 find_elements_by_tag_name(self, name)
13.link复数定位 find_elements_by_link_text(self, text)
14.partial_link复数定位 find_elements_by_partial_link_text(self, link_text)
15.xpath复数定位 find_elements_by_xpath(self, xpath)
16.css复数定位 find_elements_by_css_selector(self, css_selector)

xpath是宝刀屠龙，css是倚天剑。

但是现在一般都不用上面的定位方式了，用以下这2个方法：

官方的源码：

    def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
        """
        Find an element given a By strategy and locator. Prefer the find_element_by_* methods when
        possible.

        :Usage:
            element = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'foo')

        :rtype: WebElement
        """
        if self.w3c:
            if by == By.ID:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = '[id="%s"]' % value
            elif by == By.TAG_NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = ".%s" % value
            elif by == By.NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = '[name="%s"]' % value
        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENT, {
            'using': by,
            'value': value})['value']

    def find_elements(self, by=By.ID, value=None):
        """
        Find elements given a By strategy and locator. Prefer the find_elements_by_* methods when
        possible.

        :Usage:
            elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'foo')

        :rtype: list of WebElement
        """
        if self.w3c:
            if by == By.ID:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = '[id="%s"]' % value
            elif by == By.TAG_NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
            elif by == By.CLASS_NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = ".%s" % value
            elif by == By.NAME:
                by = By.CSS_SELECTOR
                value = '[name="%s"]' % value

        # Return empty list if driver returns null
        # See https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/4555
        return self.execute(Command.FIND_ELEMENTS, {
            'using': by,
            'value': value})['value'] or []

 ID = "id"
XPATH = "xpath"
LINK_TEXT = "link text"
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
NAME = "name"
TAG_NAME = "tag name"
CLASS_NAME = "class name"
CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

案例如下：

from  time import  sleep
from selenium import webdriver


#实例化
driver=webdriver.Chrome()
# driver.get("https://news.163.com/")
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
driver.find_element('id','kw').send_keys("虚竹")
driver.find_element('id','su').click()
driver.find_element()
sleep(3)
driver.quit()

以后就记住find_element()一个方法即可。