Windows动态链接库DLL
1.什么是DLL
DLL,即动态链接库,是包含若干个函数的库文件,可供其他程序运行时调用。
2.DLL的优缺点
优点:代码重用,可供多个程序同时调用
缺点:易发生版本冲突
当新版本的动态链接库不兼容旧版本时,其他使用该DLL的程序可能无法正常工作。
针对这一问题,我们需要在程序中加上一个manifest文件,指明该程序所使用的DLL版本号。
此时,程序将根据manifest加载指定版本的DLL,否则按默认版本加载。
3.关于LIB和DLL
LIB,是静态链接库,分为静态lib和动态lib。
静态lib:包含函数代码声明和实现,编译后所有代码都嵌入到宿主程序中。不需要再另行调用DLL。
动态lib:相当于一个.h头文件,它是对实现部分(.DLL)的导出部分的声明。编译后宿主程序也只包括声明部分。运行时需调用相应的DLL文件。
1 #ifndef _MYMATH_H 2 #define _MYMATH_H 3 #include <stdio.h> 4 5 6 #ifdef MYMATHDLL_EXPORT 7 #define MYMATHDLL_API _declspec(dllexport) 8 #else 9 #define MYMATHDLL_API _declspec(dllimport) 10 #endif // end of MYMATHDLL_EXPORT 11 12 #ifdef __cplusplus 13 extern "C" { 14 #endif // end of __cplusplus 15 16 int MYMATHDLL_API Add(int a, int b); 17 18 int MYMATHDLL_API Sub(int a, int b); 19 20 int MYMATHDLL_API Mul(int a, int b); 21 22 int MYMATHDLL_API Div(int a, int b); 23 24 #ifdef __cplusplus 25 } 26 #endif // end of __cplusplus 27 28 29 30 #endif// end of _MYMATH_H
1 #include "stdafx.h" 2 3 #define MYMATHDLL_EXPORT 4 #include "MyMath.h" 5 #include <stdio.h> 6 7 8 9 int Add(int a, int b) 10 { 11 printf("Call %s ", __FUNCTION__); 12 return a + b; 13 } 14 15 int Sub(int a, int b) 16 { 17 printf("Call %s ", __FUNCTION__); 18 return a - b; 19 } 20 21 int Sub(int a, int b, int c) 22 { 23 return a + b + c; 24 } 25 26 int Mul(int a, int b) 27 { 28 printf("Call %s ", __FUNCTION__); 29 return a * b; 30 } 31 32 int Div(int a, int b) 33 { 34 printf("Call %s ", __FUNCTION__); 35 return a / b; 36 }
main
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <Windows.h> 3 4 #include "MyMath.h" 5 #pragma comment(lib, "DllTest.lib") 6 7 void ExplicitCall(); 8 void ImplicitCall(); 9 10 int main() 11 { 12 std::cout << "Hello World! "; 13 ImplicitCall(); 14 //ExplicitCall(); 15 return 0; 16 } 17 18 void ExplicitCall() 19 { 20 typedef int(*pAdd)(int a, int b); 21 22 typedef int(*pSub)(int a, int b); 23 24 HINSTANCE hDll = NULL; 25 pAdd _Add = NULL; 26 pSub _Sub = NULL; 27 28 29 hDll = LoadLibrary(L"DllTest"); 30 31 if (hDll == NULL) std::cout << "failed to call LoadLibrary "; 32 33 DWORD lastError = 0; 34 35 if ((_Add = (pAdd)GetProcAddress(hDll, "Add")) == NULL) 36 { 37 std::cout << "failed to call GetProcAddress Add " << std::endl; 38 lastError = GetLastError(); 39 std::cout << "Add lastError = " << lastError << std::endl; 40 } 41 42 43 if ((_Sub = (pSub)GetProcAddress(hDll, "Sub")) == NULL) 44 { 45 std::cout << "failed to call GetProcAddress Sub " << std::endl; 46 lastError = GetLastError(); 47 std::cout << "Sub lastError = " << lastError << std::endl; 48 } 49 50 int a = 10, b = 6, c = 17; 51 int addVal = _Add(a, b); 52 53 int subVal = _Sub(a, b); 54 55 std::cout << "addVal = " << addVal << ", subVal = " << subVal << std::endl; 56 FreeLibrary(hDll); 57 } 58 59 void ImplicitCall() 60 { 61 62 int a = 10, b = 6, c = 17; 63 int sum = Add(a, b); 64 int sub = Sub(a, b); 65 std::cout << "addVal = " << sum << ", subVal = " << sub << std::endl; 66 }