VirtualBox虚拟Centos磁盘文件扩容
虚拟机中调整虚拟磁盘vdi文件
在虚拟中查看磁盘信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.7 GB, 32650559488 bytes, 63770624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000dffc6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 16777215 7339008 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 6652 MB, 6652166144 bytes, 12992512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 859 MB, 859832320 bytes, 1679360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
用fdisk为空间划分新分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (16777216-105277029, default 16777216):
Using default value 16777216
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (16777216-105277029, default 105277029):
Using default value 105277029
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 42.2 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
格式化新增分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.7 GB, 32650559488 bytes, 63770624 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000dffc6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda2 2099200 16777215 7339008 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 16777216 63770623 23496704 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 6652 MB, 6652166144 bytes, 12992512 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 859 MB, 859832320 bytes, 1679360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
-------REBOOT--------
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1468800 inodes, 5874176 blocks
293708 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
180 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
扩展原有空间
此时可以选择扩展已有分区，也可以选择直接挂载分区
1）扩展已有分区
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 6.2G 1.2G 5.1G 18% /
devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 496M 6.8M 489M 2% /run
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 133M 882M 14% /boot
tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <7.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1791
Alloc PE / Size 1791 / <7.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID FpRYCH-MBLh-XWB7-3pgI-CVW1-Rg0U-FNFJ0A
创建新的物理分区（ /dev/sda3即为上述步骤中扩展的分区 ）
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]:
WARNING: Invalid input ''.
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sda3.
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
执行 vgextend 扩展命令
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
执行 lvdisplay 指令，显示逻辑卷属性，并记录根分区路径
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID 1tKw2R-Mr4b-CClk-sUal-E4NX-eiX8-fI8Miu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-06-06 23:46:49 -0400
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 820.00 MiB
Current LE 205
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID V1YVam-f1HI-47jz-zObW-sdfb-zybx-Q9DNof
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-06-06 23:46:50 -0400
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <6.20 GiB
Current LE 1586
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
逻辑卷扩展
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend /dev/centos/root /dev/sda3
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <6.20 GiB (1586 extents) to 28.60 GiB (7322 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
容量已成功扩展
刷新一下分区容量
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=406016 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1624064, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1624064 to 7497728
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 29G 1.2G 28G 4% /
devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 496M 6.8M 489M 2% /run
tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 133M 882M 14% /boot
tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0
2）添加并挂载虚拟硬盘
- 创建repo.vdi作为registry的存储作，挂载目录 /mnt/registry
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 53.9 GB, 53901839360 bytes, 105277030 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000dffc6
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 16777215 7339008 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 16777216 105277029 44249907 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 52.0 GB, 51959037952 bytes, 101482496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 859 MB, 859832320 bytes, 1679360 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.为新增的/dev/sdb添加分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7b8f7b73.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):
Using default value 104857599
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3.格式化分区
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13106944 blocks
655347 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2162163712
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
4.挂载分区
#临时挂载分区
[root@node1 kubesphere-all-v3.0.0-offline-linux-amd64]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/registry/
#开机自动挂载分区
echo "/dev/sdb1 /mnt/registry/ ext4 defaults 0 " >>/etc/fstab
分区格式表
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'