• 二进制高可用已填坑


    01.系统初始化和全局变量
    
    集群机器
    
    test1:192.168.0.91
    test2:192.168.0.92
    test3:192.168.0.93
    
    
    主机名
    
    设置永久主机名称,然后重新登录:
    
    sudo hostnamectl set-hostname test1 # 将 test1 替换为当前主机名
    
    设置的主机名保存在 /etc/hostname 文件中;
    
    修改每台机器的 /etc/hosts 文件,添加主机名和 IP 的对应关系:
    
    grep kube-node /etc/hosts
    192.168.0.91 test1    test1
    192.168.0.92 test2    test2
    192.168.0.93 test3    test3
    
    
    添加 k8s 和 docker 账户
    
    在每台机器上添加 k8s 账户,可以无密码 sudo:
    
    sudo useradd -m k8s
    sudo sh -c 'echo 123456 | passwd k8s --stdin' # 为 k8s 账户设置密码
    sudo visudo
    sudo grep '%wheel.*NOPASSWD: ALL' /etc/sudoers
    %wheel    ALL=(ALL)    NOPASSWD: ALL
    sudo gpasswd -a k8s wheel
    
    
    在每台机器上添加 docker 账户,将 k8s 账户添加到 docker 组中,同时配置 dockerd 参数:
    
    sudo useradd -m docker
    sudo gpasswd -a k8s docker
    sudo mkdir -p  /etc/docker/
    cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
    {
        "registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
        "max-concurrent-downloads": 20
    }
    
    
    
    无密码 ssh 登录其它节点
    
    如果没有特殊指明,本文档的所有操作均在 test1 节点上执行,然后远程分发文件和执行命令。?
    
    
    设置 test1 可以无密码登录所有节点的 k8s 和 root 账户:
    
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id root@test1
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id root@test2
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id root@test3
    
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id k8s@test1
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id k8s@test2
    [k8s@test1 k8s]$ ssh-copy-id k8s@test3
    
    
    将可执行文件路径 /opt/k8s/bin 添加到 PATH 变量中
    
    在每台机器上添加环境变量:
    
    sudo sh -c "echo 'PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin' >>/root/.bashrc"
    echo 'PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin' >>~/.bashrc
    
    
    安装依赖包
    
    在每台机器上安装依赖包:
    
    CentOS:
    
    sudo yum install -y epel-release
    sudo yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp
    
    ipvs 依赖 ipset
    
    关闭防火墙
    
    在每台机器上关闭防火墙:
    
    sudo systemctl stop firewalld
    sudo systemctl disable firewalld
    sudo iptables -F && sudo iptables -X && sudo iptables -F -t nat && sudo iptables -X -t nat
    sudo sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    
    
    关闭 swap 分区
    
    如果开启了 swap 分区,kubelet 会启动失败(可以通过将参数 --fail-swap-on 设置为 false 来忽略 swap on),故需要在每台机器上关闭 swap 分区:
    
    sudo swapoff -a
    
    
    为了防止开机自动挂载 swap 分区,可以注释 /etc/fstab 中相应的条目:
    
    sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^(.*)$/#1/g' /etc/fstab
    
    
    关闭 SELinux
    
    关闭 SELinux,否则后续 K8S 挂载目录时可能报错 Permission denied:
    
    sudo setenforce 0
    grep SELINUX /etc/selinux/config 
    SELINUX=disabled
    
    
    修改配置文件,永久生效;
    
    
    关闭 dnsmasq
    
    linux 系统开启了 dnsmasq 后(如 GUI 环境),将系统 DNS Server 设置为 127.0.0.1,这会导致 docker 容器无法解析域名,需要关闭它:
    
    sudo service dnsmasq stop
    sudo systemctl disable dnsmasq
    
    
    
    设置系统参数
    
    cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
    net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
    vm.swappiness=0
    vm.overcommit_memory=1
    vm.panic_on_oom=0
    fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
    EOF
    
    sudo cp kubernetes.conf  /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
    sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
    sudo mount -t cgroup -o cpu,cpuacct none /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct
    
    
    加载内核模块
    
    sudo modprobe br_netfilter
    sudo modprobe ip_vs
    
    
    设置系统时区
    
    sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
    
    将当前的 UTC 时间写入硬件时钟
    
    sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
    
    
    重启依赖于系统时间的服务
    
    sudo systemctl restart rsyslog 
    sudo systemctl restart crond
    
    
    创建目录
    
    在每台机器上创建目录:
    
    sudo mkdir -p /opt/k8s/bin
    sudo chown -R k8s /opt/k8s
    
    sudo sudo mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert
    sudo chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes
    
    sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd/cert
    sudo chown -R k8s /etc/etcd/cert
    
    sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && chown -R k8s /etc/etcd/cert
    
    
    集群环境变量
    
    后续的部署步骤将使用下面定义的全局环境变量,请根据自己的机器、网络情况修改:
    
    #!/usr/bin/bash
    
    
    # 生成 EncryptionConfig 所需的加密 key
    
    ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)
    
    
    # 最好使用 当前未用的网段 来定义服务网段和 Pod 网段
    
    
    # 服务网段,部署前路由不可达,部署后集群内路由可达(kube-proxy 和 ipvs 保证)
    
    SERVICE_CIDR="10.254.0.0/16"
    
    
    # Pod 网段,建议 /16 段地址,部署前路由不可达,部署后集群内路由可达(flanneld 保证)
    
    CLUSTER_CIDR="172.30.0.0/16"
    
    
    # 服务端口范围 (NodePort Range)
    
    export NODE_PORT_RANGE="8400-9000"
    
    
    # 集群各机器 IP 数组
    
    export NODE_IPS=(192.168.0.91 192.168.0.92 192.168.0.93)
    
    
    # 集群各 IP 对应的 主机名数组
    
    export NODE_NAMES=(test1 test2 test3)
    
    # kube-apiserver 的 VIP(HA 组件 keepalived 发布的 IP)
    
    export MASTER_VIP="192.168.0.235"
    
    # kube-apiserver VIP 地址(HA 组件 haproxy 监听 8443 端口)
    
    export KUBE_APISERVER="https://${MASTER_VIP}:8443"
    
    # HA 节点,VIP 所在的网络接口名称
    
    export VIP_IF="eth0"
    
    # etcd 集群服务地址列表
    
    export ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://192.168.0.91:2379,https://192.168.0.92:2379,https://192.168.0.93:2379"
    
    # etcd 集群间通信的 IP 和端口
    
    export ETCD_NODES="test1=https://192.168.0.91:2380,test2=https://192.168.0.92:2380,test3=https://192.168.0.93:2380"
    
    # flanneld 网络配置前缀
    
    export FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/kubernetes/network"
    
    # kubernetes 服务 IP (一般是 SERVICE_CIDR 中第一个IP)
    
    export CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP="10.254.0.1"
    
    # 集群 DNS 服务 IP (从 SERVICE_CIDR 中预分配)
    
    export CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP="10.254.0.2"
    
    # 集群 DNS 域名
    
    export CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN="cluster.local."
    
    # 将二进制目录 /opt/k8s/bin 加到 PATH 中
    
    export PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH
    
    打包后的变量定义见 environment.sh,后续部署时会提示导入该脚本;
    
    分发集群环境变量定义脚本
    
    把全局变量定义脚本拷贝到所有节点的 /opt/k8s/bin 目录:
    
    source environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp environment.sh k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
      done
    
    
    
    
    
    02.创建 CA 证书和秘钥
    
    为确保安全,kubernetes 系统各组件需要使用 x509 证书对通信进行加密和认证。
    
    CA (Certificate Authority) 是自签名的根证书,用来签名后续创建的其它证书。
    
    本文档使用 CloudFlare 的 PKI 工具集 cfssl 创建所有证书。
    
    
    安装 cfssl 工具集
    
    sudo mkdir -p /opt/k8s/cert && sudo chown -R k8s /opt/k8s && cd /opt/k8s
    
    
    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
    mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssl
    
    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
    mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssljson
    
    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
    mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /opt/k8s/bin/cfssl-certinfo
    
    chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*
    export PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:$PATH
    
    
    创建根证书 (CA)
    
    CA 证书是集群所有节点共享的,只需要创建一个 CA 证书,后续创建的所有证书都由它签名。
    
    创建配置文件
    
    CA 配置文件用于配置根证书的使用场景 (profile) 和具体参数 (usage,过期时间、服务端认证、客户端认证、加密等),后续在签名其它证书时需要指定特定场景。
    
    cat > ca-config.json <<EOF
    {
      "signing": {
        "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
        "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
            "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "server auth",
                "client auth"
            ],
            "expiry": "87600h"
          }
        }
      }
    }
    EOF
    
    signing:表示该证书可用于签名其它证书,生成的 ca.pem 证书中 CA=TRUE;
    server auth:表示 client 可以用该该证书对 server 提供的证书进行验证;
    client auth:表示 server 可以用该该证书对 client 提供的证书进行验证;
    
    
    创建证书签名请求文件
    
    cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "kubernetes",
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "4Paradigm"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    CN:Common Name,kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名 (User Name),浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法;
    O:Organization,kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求用户所属的组 (Group);
    kube-apiserver 将提取的 User、Group 作为 RBAC 授权的用户标识;
    
    生成 CA 证书和私钥
    
    cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
    ls ca*
    
    
    分发证书文件
    
    将生成的 CA 证书、秘钥文件、配置文件拷贝到所有节点的 /etc/kubernetes/cert 目录下:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh # 导入 NODE_IPS 环境变量
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert && chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes"
        scp ca*.pem ca-config.json k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert
      done
    k8s 账户需要有读写 /etc/kubernetes 目录及其子目录文件的权限;
    
    
    
    
    
    03.部署 kubectl 命令行工具
    
    kubectl 是 kubernetes 集群的命令行管理工具,本文档介绍安装和配置它的步骤。
    
    kubectl 默认从 ~/.kube/config 文件读取 kube-apiserver 地址、证书、用户名等信息,如果没有配置,执行 kubectl 命令时会报如下错误:
    
    kubectl get pods
    The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
    
    
    下载和分发 kubectl 二进制文件
    
    下载、解压:
    
    wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.10.4/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    
    
    分发到所有使用 kubectl 的节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp kubernetes/client/bin/kubectl k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
      done
    
    
    
    创建 admin 证书和私钥
    
    kubectl 与 apiserver https 安全端口通信,apiserver 对提供的证书进行认证和授权。
    
    kubectl 作为集群的管理工具,需要被授予最高权限。这里创建具有最高权限的 admin 证书。
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "admin",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "system:masters",
          "OU": "4Paradigm"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    O 为 system:masters,kube-apiserver 收到该证书后将请求的 Group 设置为 system:masters;
    
    预定义的 ClusterRoleBinding cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定,该 Role 授予所有 API的权限;
    
    该证书只会被 kubectl 当做 client 证书使用,所以 hosts 字段为空;
    
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
    ls admin*
    
    
    创建 kubeconfig 文件
    
    kubeconfig 为 kubectl 的配置文件,包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息,如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书;
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    # 设置集群参数
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
      --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
    
    # 设置客户端认证参数
    kubectl config set-credentials admin 
      --client-certificate=admin.pem 
      --client-key=admin-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
    
    # 设置上下文参数
    kubectl config set-context kubernetes 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=admin 
      --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
      
    # 设置默认上下文
    
    kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kubectl.kubeconfig
    
    --certificate-authority:验证 kube-apiserver 证书的根证书;
    
    --client-certificate、--client-key:生成的 admin 证书和私钥,连接 kube-apiserver 时使用
    
    --embed-certs=true:将 ca.pem 和 admin.pem 证书内容嵌入到生成的 kubectl.kubeconfig 文件中(不加时,写入的是证书文件路径);
    
    
    分发 kubeconfig 文件
    
    分发到所有使用 kubectl 命令的节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ~/.kube"
        scp kubectl.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:~/.kube/config
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p ~/.kube"
        scp kubectl.kubeconfig root@${node_ip}:~/.kube/config
      done
    
    保存到用户的 ~/.kube/config 文件;
    
    
    
    
    
    
    04.部署 etcd 集群
    
    etcd 是基于 Raft 的分布式 key-value 存储系统,由 CoreOS 开发,常用于服务发现、共享配置以及并发控制(如 leader 选举、分布式锁等)。kubernetes 使用 etcd 存储所有运行数据。
    
    本文档介绍部署一个三节点高可用 etcd 集群的步骤:
    
    下载和分发 etcd 二进制文件;
    
    创建 etcd 集群各节点的 x509 证书,用于加密客户端(如 etcdctl) 与 etcd 集群、etcd 集群之间的数据流;
    
    创建 etcd 的 systemd unit 文件,配置服务参数;
    
    检查集群工作状态;
    
    etcd 集群各节点的名称和 IP 如下:
    
    test1:192.168.0.91
    test2:192.168.0.92
    test3:192.168.0.93
    
    
    下载和分发 etcd 二进制文件
    tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    
    
    分发二进制文件到集群所有节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp etcd-v3.3.7-linux-amd64/etcd* k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
      done
    
    创建 etcd 证书和私钥
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "etcd",
      "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
        "192.168.0.91",
        "192.168.0.92",
        "192.168.0.93"
      ],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "4Paradigm"
        }
      ]
    }
    
    EOF
    
    hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 etcd 节点 IP 或域名列表,这里将 etcd 集群的三个节点 IP 都列在其中;
    
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
        -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
        -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
        -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
    ls etcd*
    
    
    分发生成的证书和私钥到各 etcd 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/cert && chown -R k8s /etc/etcd/cert"
        scp etcd*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/etcd/cert/
      done
    
    
    创建 etcd 的 systemd unit 模板文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat > etcd.service.template <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Etcd Server
    After=network.target
    After=network-online.target
    Wants=network-online.target
    Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
    
    [Service]
    User=k8s
    Type=notify
    WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/etcd \
      --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd \
      --name=##NODE_NAME## \
      --cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
      --key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \
      --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem \
      --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem \
      --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --peer-client-cert-auth \
      --client-cert-auth \
      --listen-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \
      --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2380 \
      --listen-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
      --advertise-client-urls=https://##NODE_IP##:2379 \
      --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-0 \
      --initial-cluster=${ETCD_NODES} \
      --initial-cluster-state=new
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    User:指定以 k8s 账户运行;
    
    WorkingDirectory、--data-dir:指定工作目录和数据目录为 /var/lib/etcd,需在启动服务前创建这个目录;
    
    --name:指定节点名称,当 --initial-cluster-state 值为 new 时,--name 的参数值必须位于 --initial-cluster 列表中;
    
    --cert-file、--key-file:etcd server 与 client 通信时使用的证书和私钥;
    
    --trusted-ca-file:签名 client 证书的 CA 证书,用于验证 client 证书
    
    --peer-cert-file、--peer-key-file:etcd 与 peer 通信使用的证书和私钥;
    
    --peer-trusted-ca-file:签名 peer 证书的 CA 证书,用于验证 peer 证书;
    
    
    为各节点分发 etcd systemd unit 文件
    
    分发时替换模板文件中的变量
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
      do
        sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" etcd.service.template > etcd-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service 
      done
    
    ls *.service
    
    NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组,分别为节点名称和对应的 IP;
    
    
    分发生成的 systemd unit 文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && chown -R k8s /var/lib/etcd" 
        scp etcd-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/etcd.service
      done
    
    必须先创建 etcd 数据目录和工作目录;
    
    
    
    
    启动 etcd 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable etcd && systemctl restart etcd &"
      done
    
    etcd 进程首次启动时会等待其它节点的 etcd 加入集群,命令 systemctl start etcd 会卡住一段时间,为正常现象。
    
    
    检查启动结果
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status etcd|grep Active"
      done
    
    
    验证服务状态
    
    部署完 etcd 集群后,在任一 etc 节点上执行如下命令:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl 
        --endpoints=https://${node_ip}:2379 
        --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
        --cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem 
        --key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem endpoint health
      done
    
    预期输出:
    
    https://192.168.0.91:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 2.192932ms
    https://192.168.0.92:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 3.546896ms
    https://192.168.0.93:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 3.013667ms
    
    输出均为 healthy 时表示集群服务正常。
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    05.部署 flannel 网络
    
    kubernetes 要求集群内各节点(包括 master 节点)能通过 Pod 网段互联互通。flannel 使用 vxlan 技术为各节点创建一个可以互通的 Pod 网络。
    
    flaneel 第一次启动时,从 etcd 获取 Pod 网段信息,为本节点分配一个未使用的 /24 段地址,然后创建 flannedl.1(也可能是其它名称,如 flannel1 等) 接口。
    
    flannel 将分配的 Pod 网段信息写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件,docker 后续使用这个文件中的环境变量设置 docker0 网桥。
    
    
    下载和分发 flanneld 二进制文件
    
    到 https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases 页面下载最新版本的发布包:
    
    mkdir flannel
    wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C flannel
    
    分发 flanneld 二进制文件到集群所有节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp  flannel/{flanneld,mk-docker-opts.sh} k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
      done
    
    创建 flannel 证书和私钥
    
    flannel 从 etcd 集群存取网段分配信息,而 etcd 集群启用了双向 x509 证书认证,所以需要为 flanneld 生成证书和私钥。
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "flanneld",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "4Paradigm"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    该证书只会被 kubectl 当做 client 证书使用,所以 hosts 字段为空;
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld
    ls flanneld*pem
    
    将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有节点(master 和 worker):
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/flanneld/cert && chown -R k8s /etc/flanneld"
        scp flanneld*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/flanneld/cert
      done
    
    向 etcd 写入集群 Pod 网段信息
    
    注意:本步骤只需执行一次。
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    etcdctl 
      --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} 
      --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem 
      --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem 
      set ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config '{"Network":"'${CLUSTER_CIDR}'", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'
    
    flanneld 当前版本 (v0.10.0) 不支持 etcd v3,故使用 etcd v2 API 写入配置 key 和网段数据;
    
    写入的 Pod 网段 ${CLUSTER_CIDR} 必须是 /16 段地址,必须与 kube-controller-manager 的 --cluster-cidr 参数值一致;
    
    创建 flanneld 的 systemd unit 文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    export IFACE=eth0
    
    cat > flanneld.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
    After=network.target
    After=network-online.target
    Wants=network-online.target
    After=etcd.service
    Before=docker.service
    
    [Service]
    Type=notify
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/flanneld \
      -etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      -etcd-certfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem \
      -etcd-keyfile=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem \
      -etcd-endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
      -etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX} \
      -iface=${IFACE}
    ExecStartPost=/opt/k8s/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
    Restart=on-failure
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    RequiredBy=docker.service
    EOF
    
    mk-docker-opts.sh 脚本将分配给 flanneld 的 Pod 子网网段信息写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件,后续 docker 启动时使用这个文件中的环境变量配置 docker0 网桥;
    
    flanneld 使用系统缺省路由所在的接口与其它节点通信,对于有多个网络接口(如内网和公网)的节点,可以用 -iface 参数指定通信接口,如上面的 eth0 接口;
    
    flanneld 运行时需要 root 权限;
    
    
    分发 flanneld systemd unit 文件到所有节点
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp flanneld.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
      done
    
    启动 flanneld 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable flanneld && systemctl restart flanneld"
      done
    
    
    检查启动结果
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status flanneld|grep Active"
      done
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:
    
    $ journalctl -u flanneld
    
    检查分配给各 flanneld 的 Pod 网段信息
    
    查看集群 Pod 网段(/16):
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    etcdctl 
      --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} 
      --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem 
      --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem 
      get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/config
    
    输出:
    
    {"Network":"172.30.0.0/16", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
    
    查看已分配的 Pod 子网段列表(/24):
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    etcdctl 
      --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} 
      --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem 
      --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem 
      ls ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets
    输出:
    
    /kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.81.0-24
    /kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.29.0-24
    /kubernetes/network/subnets/172.30.39.0-24
    
    查看某一 Pod 网段对应的节点 IP 和 flannel 接口地址:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    etcdctl 
      --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} 
      --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --cert-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld.pem 
      --key-file=/etc/flanneld/cert/flanneld-key.pem 
      get ${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX}/subnets/172.30.81.0-24
    
    输出:
    
    {"PublicIP":"192.168.0.91","BackendType":"vxlan","BackendData":{"VtepMAC":"12:21:93:9e:b1:eb"}}
    
    验证各节点能通过 Pod 网段互通
    
    在各节点上部署 flannel 后,检查是否创建了 flannel 接口(名称可能为 flannel0、flannel.0、flannel.1 等):
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh ${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1|grep -w inet"
      done
    
    
    输出:
    
    inet 172.30.81.0/32 scope global flannel.1
    inet 172.30.29.0/32 scope global flannel.1
    inet 172.30.39.0/32 scope global flannel.1
    
    在各节点上 ping 所有 flannel 接口 IP,确保能通:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.81.0"
        ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.29.0"
        ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 172.30.39.0"
      done
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    06-0.部署 master 节点
    
    kubernetes master 节点运行如下组件:
    
    kube-apiserver
    kube-scheduler
    kube-controller-manager
    kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 可以以集群模式运行,通过 leader 选举产生一个工作进程,其它进程处于阻塞模式。
    
    对于 kube-apiserver,可以运行多个实例(本文档是 3 实例),但对其它组件需要提供统一的访问地址,该地址需要高可用。本文档使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 实现 kube-apiserver VIP 高可用和负载均衡。
    
    下载最新版本的二进制文件
    
    从 CHANGELOG页面 下载 server tarball 文件。
    
    wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.10.4/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    tar -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    cd kubernetes
    
    tar -xzvf  kubernetes-src.tar.gz
    
    将二进制文件拷贝到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp server/bin/* k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
      done
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    06-1.部署高可用组件
    
    本文档讲解使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 实现 kube-apiserver 高可用的步骤:
    
    keepalived 提供 kube-apiserver 对外服务的 VIP;
    
    haproxy 监听 VIP,后端连接所有 kube-apiserver 实例,提供健康检查和负载均衡功能;
    运行 keepalived 和 haproxy 的节点称为 LB 节点。由于 keepalived 是一主多备运行模式,故至少两个 LB 节点。
    
    本文档复用 master 节点的三台机器,haproxy 监听的端口(8443) 需要与 kube-apiserver 的端口 6443 不同,避免冲突。
    
    keepalived 在运行过程中周期检查本机的 haproxy 进程状态,如果检测到 haproxy 进程异常,则触发重新选主的过程,VIP 将飘移到新选出来的主节点,从而实现 VIP 的高可用。
    
    所有组件(如 kubeclt、apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler 等)都通过 VIP 和 haproxy 监听的 8443 端口访问 kube-apiserver 服务。
    
    
    安装软件包
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y keepalived haproxy"
      done
    
    配置和下发 haproxy 配置文件
    
    haproxy 配置文件:
    
    cat > haproxy.cfg <<EOF
    global
        log /dev/log    local0
        log /dev/log    local1 notice
        chroot /var/lib/haproxy
        stats socket /var/run/haproxy-admin.sock mode 660 level admin
        stats timeout 30s
        user haproxy
        group haproxy
        daemon
        nbproc 1
    
    defaults
        log     global
        timeout connect 5000
        timeout client  10m
        timeout server  10m
    
    listen  admin_stats
        bind 0.0.0.0:10080
        mode http
        log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
        stats refresh 30s
        stats uri /status
        stats realm welcome login Haproxy
        stats auth admin:123456
        stats hide-version
        stats admin if TRUE
    
    listen kube-master
        bind 0.0.0.0:8443
        mode tcp
        option tcplog
        balance source
        server 192.168.0.91 192.168.0.91:6443 check inter 2000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
        server 192.168.0.92 192.168.0.92:6443 check inter 2000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
        server 192.168.0.93 192.168.0.93:6443 check inter 2000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
    EOF
    
    haproxy 在 10080 端口输出 status 信息;
    
    haproxy 监听所有接口的 8443 端口,该端口与环境变量 ${KUBE_APISERVER} 指定的端口必须一致;
    
    server 字段列出所有 kube-apiserver 监听的 IP 和端口;
    
    
    下发 haproxy.cfg 到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp haproxy.cfg root@${node_ip}:/etc/haproxy
      done
    
    
    起 haproxy 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl restart haproxy"
      done
    
    
    检查 haproxy 服务状态
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status haproxy|grep Active"
      done
    
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:
    
    journalctl -u haproxy
    
    检查 haproxy 是否监听 8443 端口:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "netstat -lnpt|grep haproxy"
      done
    
    
    确保输出类似于:
    
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8443            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      120583/haproxy
    
    配置和下发 keepalived 配置文件
    
    keepalived 是一主(master)多备(backup)运行模式,故有两种类型的配置文件。master 配置文件只有一份,backup 配置文件视节点数目而定,对于本文档而言,规划如下:
    
    master: 192.168.0.91
    backup:192.168.0.92、192.168.0.93
    
    
    master 配置文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat  > keepalived-master.conf <<EOF
    global_defs {
        router_id lb-master-105
    }
    
    vrrp_script check-haproxy {
        script "killall -0 haproxy"
        interval 5
        weight -30
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI-kube-master {
        state MASTER
        priority 120
        dont_track_primary
        interface ${VIP_IF}
        virtual_router_id 68
        advert_int 3
        track_script {
            check-haproxy
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            ${MASTER_VIP}
        }
    }
    EOF
    
    VIP 所在的接口(interface ${VIP_IF})为 eth0;
    使用 killall -0 haproxy 命令检查所在节点的 haproxy 进程是否正常。如果异常则将权重减少(-30),从而触发重新选主过程;
    router_id、virtual_router_id 用于标识属于该 HA 的 keepalived 实例,如果有多套 keepalived HA,则必须各不相同;
    
    
    backup 配置文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat  > keepalived-backup.conf <<EOF
    global_defs {
        router_id lb-backup-105
    }
    
    vrrp_script check-haproxy {
        script "killall -0 haproxy"
        interval 5
        weight -30
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI-kube-master {
        state BACKUP
        priority 110
        dont_track_primary
        interface ${VIP_IF}
        virtual_router_id 68
        advert_int 3
        track_script {
            check-haproxy
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            ${MASTER_VIP}
        }
    }
    EOF
    
    
    VIP 所在的接口(interface ${VIP_IF})为 eth0;
    
    使用 killall -0 haproxy 命令检查所在节点的 haproxy 进程是否正常。如果异常则将权重减少(-30),从而触发重新选主过程;
    
    router_id、virtual_router_id 用于标识属于该 HA 的 keepalived 实例,如果有多套 keepalived HA,则必须各不相同;
    
    priority 的值必须小于 master 的值;
    
    
    
    下发 keepalived 配置文件
    
    
    下发 master 配置文件:
    
    scp keepalived-master.conf root@192.168.0.91:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    
    
    下发 backup 配置文件:
    
    scp keepalived-backup.conf root@192.168.0.92:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    scp keepalived-backup.conf root@192.168.0.93:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    
    
    起 keepalived 服务
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl restart keepalived"
      done
    
    
    检查 keepalived 服务
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status keepalived|grep Active"
      done
    
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:
    
    journalctl -u keepalived
    
    
    查看 VIP 所在的节点,确保可以 ping 通 VIP:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh ${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show ${VIP_IF}"
        ssh ${node_ip} "ping -c 1 ${MASTER_VIP}"
      done
    
    
    查看 haproxy 状态页面
    
    浏览器访问 ${MASTER_VIP}:10080/status 地址,查看 haproxy 状态页面:
    
    
    
    
    
    
    06-1.部署 kube-apiserver 组件
    
    本文档讲解使用 keepalived 和 haproxy 部署一个 3 节点高可用 master 集群的步骤,对应的 LB VIP 为环境变量 ${MASTER_VIP}。
    
    准备工作
    
    下载最新版本的二进制文件、安装和配置 flanneld 参考:06-0.部署master节点.md
    
    创建 kubernetes 证书和私钥
    
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "kubernetes",
      "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
        "192.168.0.91",
        "192.168.0.92",
        "192.168.0.93",
        "${MASTER_VIP}",
        "${CLUSTER_KUBERNETES_SVC_IP}",
        "kubernetes",
        "kubernetes.default",
        "kubernetes.default.svc",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
      ],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "4Paradigm"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    hosts 字段指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表,这里列出了 VIP 、apiserver 节点 IP、kubernetes 服务 IP 和域名;
    
    域名最后字符不能是 .(如不能为 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.),否则解析时失败,提示: x509: cannot parse dnsName "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local.";
    
    如果使用非 cluster.local 域名,如 opsnull.com,则需要修改域名列表中的最后两个域名为:kubernetes.default.svc.opsnull、kubernetes.default.svc.opsnull.com
    
    kubernetes 服务 IP 是 apiserver 自动创建的,一般是 --service-cluster-ip-range 参数指定的网段的第一个IP,后续可以通过如下命令获取:
    
    
    $ kubectl get svc kubernetes
    NAME         CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
    kubernetes   10.254.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   1d
    
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
    ls kubernetes*pem
    
    
    将生成的证书和私钥文件拷贝到 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/cert/ && sudo chown -R k8s /etc/kubernetes/cert/"
        scp kubernetes*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
      done
    
    
    k8s 账户可以读写 /etc/kubernetes/cert/ 目录;
    
    创建加密配置文件
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
    kind: EncryptionConfig
    apiVersion: v1
    resources:
      - resources:
          - secrets
        providers:
          - aescbc:
              keys:
                - name: key1
                  secret: ${ENCRYPTION_KEY}
          - identity: {}
    EOF
    
    
    将加密配置文件拷贝到 master 节点的 /etc/kubernetes 目录下:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp encryption-config.yaml root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
      done
    
    替换后的 encryption-config.yaml 文件:encryption-config.yaml
    
    
    
    生成 service account key
    
    cd /etc/kubernetes/
    openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/sa.key 2048
    openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/cert/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/cert/sa.pub
    ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.*
    cd $HOME
    
    分发service account key到所有节点
    
    subprocess.call(["ansible k8s -m copy -a 'src=/etc/kubernetes/sa.key dest=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ force=yes'"], shell=True)
    subprocess.call(["ansible k8s -m copy -a 'src=/etc/kubernetes/sa.pub dest=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ force=yes'"], shell=True)
    
    
    
    
    创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 模板文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat > kube-apiserver.service.template <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes API Server
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --enable-admission-plugins=plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota \
      --anonymous-auth=false \
      --experimental-encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \
      --advertise-address=##NODE_IP## \
      --bind-address=##NODE_IP## \
      --insecure-port=0 \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname \
      --runtime-config=api/all \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \
      --service-node-port-range=${NODE_PORT_RANGE} \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/sa.pub \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes.pem \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kubernetes-key.pem \
      --etcd-servers=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \
      --enable-swagger-ui=true \
      --allow-privileged=true \
      --apiserver-count=3 \
      --audit-log-maxage=30 \
      --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
      --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
      --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log \
      --event-ttl=1h \
      --alsologtostderr=true \
      --logtostderr=false \
      --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    Type=notify
    User=k8s
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    
    --experimental-encryption-provider-config:启用加密特性;
    
    --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC: 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式,拒绝未授权的请求;
    
    --enable-admission-plugins:启用 ServiceAccount 和 NodeRestriction;
    
    --service-account-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件,kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件,两者配对使用;
    
    --tls-*-file:指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件。--client-ca-file 用于验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书;
    
    --kubelet-client-certificate、--kubelet-client-key:如果指定,则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs;需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则,否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权;
    
    --bind-address: 不能为 127.0.0.1,否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443--insecure-port=0:关闭监听非安全端口(8080);
    
    --service-cluster-ip-range: 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段;
    
    --service-node-port-range: 指定 NodePort 的端口范围;
    
    --runtime-config=api/all=true: 启用所有版本的 APIs,如 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
    
    --enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证;
    
    --apiserver-count=3:指定集群运行模式,多台 kube-apiserver 会通过 leader 选举产生一个工作节点,其它节点处于阻塞状态;
    
    User=k8s:使用 k8s 账户运行;
    
    
    
    为各节点创建和分发 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件
    
    替换模板文件中的变量,为各节点创建 systemd unit 文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
      do
        sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-apiserver.service.template > kube-apiserver-${NODE_IPS[i]}.service 
      done
    ls kube-apiserver*.service
    
    NODE_NAMES 和 NODE_IPS 为相同长度的 bash 数组,分别为节点名称和对应的 IP;
    
    
    
    分发生成的 systemd unit 文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
        scp kube-apiserver-${node_ip}.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
      done
    
    必须先创建日志目录;
    
    文件重命名为 kube-apiserver.service;
    
    替换后的 unit 文件:kube-apiserver.service
    
    
    
    启动 kube-apiserver 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-apiserver && systemctl restart kube-apiserver"
      done
    
    
    检查 kube-apiserver 运行状态
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-apiserver |grep 'Active:'"
      done
    
    
    报错:如果找不到kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig文件会报如下错误:
    
    
    [root@test1 ~]# journalctl -u kube-controller-manager
    -- Logs begin at Mon 2019-02-04 17:56:47 EST, end at Tue 2019-02-05 01:04:33 EST. --
    Feb 04 23:58:13 test1 systemd[1]: [/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service:7] Failed to parse service restart specifier, 
    Feb 04 23:58:13 test1 systemd[1]: [/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service:7] Failed to parse service restart specifier, 
    Feb 04 23:58:14 test1 kube-controller-manager[45817]: Flag --port has been deprecated, see --secure-port instead.
    Feb 04 23:58:14 test1 kube-controller-manager[45817]: Flag --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients has been deprecated, Heapster
    Feb 04 23:58:14 test1 kube-controller-manager[45817]: I0204 23:58:14.297286   45817 flags.go:33] FLAG: --address="0.0.0.0"
    
    
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则到 master 节点查看日志,确认原因:
    
    journalctl -u kube-apiserver
    
    打印 kube-apiserver 写入 etcd 的数据
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl 
        --endpoints=${ETCD_ENDPOINTS} 
        --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
        --cert=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd.pem 
        --key=/etc/etcd/cert/etcd-key.pem 
        get /registry/ --prefix --keys-only
    
    
    检查集群信息
    
    kubectl cluster-info
    Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.0.235:8443
    
    To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
    
    kubectl get all --all-namespaces
    NAMESPACE   NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
    default     service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.254.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   35m
    
    kubectl get componentstatuses
    NAME                 STATUS      MESSAGE                                                                                        ERROR
    controller-manager   Unhealthy   Get http://127.0.0.1:10252/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10252: getsockopt: connection refused
    scheduler            Unhealthy   Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:10251: getsockopt: connection refused
    etcd-1               Healthy     {"health":"true"}
    etcd-0               Healthy     {"health":"true"}
    etcd-2               Healthy     {"health":"true"}
    
    
    注意:
    
    
    如果执行 kubectl 命令式时输出如下错误信息,则说明使用的 ~/.kube/config 文件不对,请切换到正确的账户后再执行该命令:
    
    The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
    
    执行 kubectl get componentstatuses 命令时,apiserver 默认向 127.0.0.1 发送请求。当 controller-manager、scheduler 以集群模式运行时,有可能和 kube-apiserver 不在一台机器上,这时 controller-manager 或 scheduler 的状态为 Unhealthy,但实际上它们工作正常。
    
    
    
    检查 kube-apiserver 监听的端口
    
    sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube
    tcp        0      0 192.168.0.91:6443     0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13075/kube-apiserve
    
    
    6443: 接收 https 请求的安全端口,对所有请求做认证和授权;
    
    由于关闭了非安全端口,故没有监听 8080;
    
    
    
    授予 kubernetes 证书访问 kubelet API 的权限 (按照这个做完后感觉没这一步没什么用,还得创建高级权限,创建权限在启动kubelet前创建)
    
    kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernete
    
    在执行 kubectl exec、run、logs 等命令时,apiserver 会转发到 kubelet。这里定义 RBAC 规则,授权 apiserver 调用 kubelet API。
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    06-2.部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群
    
    
    本文档介绍部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群的步骤。
    
    该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。
    
    为保证通信安全,本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥,kube-controller-manager 在如下两种情况下使用该证书:
    
    与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信时;
    
    在安全端口(https,10252) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics;
    
    
    
    准备工作
    
    下载最新版本的二进制文件、安装和配置 flanneld 参考:06-0.部署master节点.md
    
    创建 kube-controller-manager 证书和私钥
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
    {
        "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "hosts": [
          "127.0.0.1",
          "192.168.0.91",
          "192.168.0.92",
          "192.168.0.93"
        ],
        "names": [
          {
            "C": "CN",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
            "OU": "4Paradigm"
          }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
    hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
    
    CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限。
    
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
    
    
    将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp kube-controller-manager*.pem k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/
      done
    
    
    创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
    
    kubeconfig 文件包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息,如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书;
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
      --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager 
      --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem 
      --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=system:kube-controller-manager 
      --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
    
    
    
    分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
      done
    
    
    
    创建和分发 kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    
    cat > kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \
      --port=0 \
      --secure-port=10252 \
      --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --cluster-cidr=${CLUSTER_CIDR} \
      --cluster-name=kubernetes \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \
      --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/sa.key \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true \
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
      --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \
      --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \
      --alsologtostderr=true \
      --logtostderr=false \
      --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
      --v=2
    Restart=on
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    User=k8s
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    --port=0:关闭监听 http /metrics 的请求,同时 --address 参数无效,--bind-address 参数有效;
    
    --secure-port=10252、--bind-address=0.0.0.0: 在所有网络接口监听 10252 端口的 https /metrics 请求;
    
    --kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
    
    --cluster-signing-*-file:签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书;
    
    --experimental-cluster-signing-duration:指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期;
    
    --root-ca-file:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书,用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验;
    
    --service-account-private-key-file:签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件,必须和 kube-apiserver 的 --service-account-key-file 指定的公钥文件配对使用;
    
    --service-cluster-ip-range :指定 Service Cluster IP 网段,必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致;
    
    --leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;
    
    --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true:开启 kublet server 证书的自动更新特性;
    
    --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner:启用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token;
    
    --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*:custom metrics 相关参数,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1;
    
    --tls-cert-file、--tls-private-key-file:使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥;
    
    --use-service-account-credentials=true:
    
    User=k8s:使用 k8s 账户运行;
    
    kube-controller-manager 不对请求 https metrics 的 Client 证书进行校验,故不需要指定 --tls-ca-file 参数,而且该参数已被淘汰。
    
    
    
    分发 systemd unit 文件到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp kube-controller-manager.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
      done
    
    
    kube-controller-manager 的权限
    
    ClusteRole: system:kube-controller-manager 的权限很小,只能创建 secret、serviceaccount 等资源对象,各 controller 的权限分散到 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 中。
    
    需要在 kube-controller-manager 的启动参数中添加 --use-service-account-credentials=true 参数,这样 main controller 会为各 controller 创建对应的 ServiceAccount XXX-controller。
    
    内置的 ClusterRoleBinding system:controller:XXX 将赋予各 XXX-controller ServiceAccount 对应的 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 权限。
    
    
    
    启动 kube-controller-manager 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
      done
    
    必须先创建日志目录;
    
    
    
    检查服务运行状态
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active"
      done
    
    
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:
    
    journalctl -u kube-controller-manager
    
    
    
    查看输出的 metric
    
    注意:以下命令在 kube-controller-manager 节点上执行。
    
    kube-controller-manager 监听 10252 端口,接收 https 请求:
    
    sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10252         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      18377/kube-controll
    
    
    
    curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://127.0.0.1:10252/metrics |head
    
    # HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_adds Total number of adds handled by workqueue: ClusterRoleAggregator
    # TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_adds counter
    ClusterRoleAggregator_adds 3
    # HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_depth Current depth of workqueue: ClusterRoleAggregator
    # TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_depth gauge
    ClusterRoleAggregator_depth 0
    # HELP ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency How long an item stays in workqueueClusterRoleAggregator before being requested.
    # TYPE ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency summary
    ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency{quantile="0.5"} 57018
    ClusterRoleAggregator_queue_latency{quantile="0.9"} 57268
    
    curl --cacert CA 证书用来验证 kube-controller-manager https server 证书;
    
    
    
    
    测试 kube-controller-manager 集群的高可用
    
    停掉一个或两个节点的 kube-controller-manager 服务,观察其它节点的日志,看是否获取了 leader 权限。
    
    查看当前的 leader
    
    kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Endpoints
    metadata:
      annotations:
        control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"test2_084534e2-6cc4-11e8-a418-5254001f5b65","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2018-06-10T15:40:33Z","renewTime":"2018-06-10T16:19:08Z","leaderTransitions":12}'
      creationTimestamp: 2018-06-10T13:59:42Z
      name: kube-controller-manager
      namespace: kube-system
      resourceVersion: "4540"
      selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager
      uid: 862cc048-6cb6-11e8-96fa-525400ba84c6
    
    可见,当前的 leader 为 test2 节点。
    
    
    
    
    
    
    06-3.部署高可用 kube-scheduler 集群
    
    本文档介绍部署高可用 kube-scheduler 集群的步骤。
    
    该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。
    
    为保证通信安全,本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥,kube-scheduler 在如下两种情况下使用该证书:
    
    与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信;
    
    在安全端口(https,10251) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics;
    
    
    
    准备工作
    
    下载最新版本的二进制文件、安装和配置 flanneld 参考:06-0.部署master节点.md
    
    创建 kube-scheduler 证书和私钥
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    cat > kube-scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
    {
        "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "hosts": [
          "127.0.0.1",
          "192.168.0.91",
          "192.168.0.92",
          "192.168.0.93"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
          {
            "C": "CN",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
            "OU": "4Paradigm"
          }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
    hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP;
    
    CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。
    
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
    
    
    创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
    
    kubeconfig 文件包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息,如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书;
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
      --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler 
      --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem 
      --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=system:kube-scheduler 
      --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
    
    上一步创建的证书、私钥以及 kube-apiserver 地址被写入到 kubeconfig 文件中;
    
    
    
    分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig k8s@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/
      done
    
    
    
    创建和分发 kube-scheduler systemd unit 文件
    
    cat > kube-scheduler.service <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-scheduler \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --alsologtostderr=true \
      --logtostderr=false \
      --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    User=k8s
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    --address:在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 请求;kube-scheduler 目前还不支持接收 https 请求;
    
    --kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;
    
    --leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;
    
    User=k8s:使用 k8s 账户运行;
    
    完整 unit 见 kube-scheduler.service。
    
    
    
    
    分发 systemd unit 文件到所有 master 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp kube-scheduler.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/
      done
    
    
    
    启动 kube-scheduler 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-scheduler && systemctl restart kube-scheduler"
      done
    
    必须先创建日志目录;
    
    
    
    
    检查服务运行状态
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-scheduler|grep Active"
      done
    
    
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:
    
    journalctl -u kube-scheduler
    
    
    
    查看输出的 metric
    
    注意:以下命令在 kube-scheduler 节点上执行。
    
    kube-scheduler 监听 10251 端口,接收 http 请求:
    
    sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-sche
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10251         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23783/kube-schedule
    
    
    
    curl -s http://127.0.0.1:10251/metrics |head
    
    # HELP apiserver_audit_event_total Counter of audit events generated and sent to the audit backend.
    # TYPE apiserver_audit_event_total counter
    apiserver_audit_event_total 0
    # HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the GC invocation durations.
    # TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
    go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0"} 9.7715e-05
    go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.25"} 0.000107676
    go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.5"} 0.00017868
    go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="0.75"} 0.000262444
    go_gc_duration_seconds{quantile="1"} 0.001205223
    
    
    
    测试 kube-scheduler 集群的高可用
    
    随便找一个或两个 master 节点,停掉 kube-scheduler 服务,看其它节点是否获取了 leader 权限(systemd 日志)。
    
    查看当前的 leader
    kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system  -o yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Endpoints
    metadata:
      annotations:
        control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"test3_61f34593-6cc8-11e8-8af7-5254002f288e","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2018-06-10T16:09:56Z","renewTime":"2018-06-10T16:20:54Z","leaderTransitions":1}'
      creationTimestamp: 2018-06-10T16:07:33Z
      name: kube-scheduler
      namespace: kube-system
      resourceVersion: "4645"
      selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler
      uid: 62382d98-6cc8-11e8-96fa-525400ba84c6
    
    可见,当前的 leader 为 test3 节点。
    
    
    
    
    
    
    07-0.部署 worker 节点
    
    kubernetes work 节点运行如下组件:
    
    docker
    
    kubelet
    
    kube-proxy
    
    安装和配置 flanneld
    
    参考 05-部署flannel网络.md
    
    
    安装依赖包
    
    CentOS:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y epel-release"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "yum install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp && /usr/sbin/modprobe ip_vs "
      done
    
    
    Ubuntu:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "apt-get install -y conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp && /usr/sbin/modprobe ip_vs "
      done
    
    
    
    
    
    
    07-1.部署 docker 组件
    
    docker 是容器的运行环境,管理它的生命周期。kubelet 通过 Container Runtime Interface (CRI) 与 docker 进行交互。
    
    安装依赖包
    
    参考 07-0.部署worker节点.md
    
    下载和分发 docker 二进制文件
    
    到 https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/ 页面下载最新发布包:
    
    wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.03.1-ce.tgz
    
    tar -xvf docker-18.03.1-ce.tgz
    
    
    
    
    分发二进制文件到所有 worker 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp docker/docker*  k8s@${node_ip}:/opt/k8s/bin/
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "chmod +x /opt/k8s/bin/*"
      done
    
    
    
    创建和分发 systemd unit 文件
    
    cat > docker.service <<"EOF"
    [Unit]
    Description=Docker Application Container Engine
    Documentation=http://docs.docker.io
    
    [Service]
    Environment="PATH=/opt/k8s/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
    EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/dockerd --log-level=error $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    LimitNOFILE=infinity
    LimitNPROC=infinity
    LimitCORE=infinity
    Delegate=yes
    KillMode=process
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    
    EOF 前后有双引号,这样 bash 不会替换文档中的变量,如 $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS;
    
    
    dockerd 运行时会调用其它 docker 命令,如 docker-proxy,所以需要将 docker 命令所在的目录加到 PATH 环境变量中;
    
    
    flanneld 启动时将网络配置写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件中,dockerd 启动前读取该文件中的环境变量 DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS ,然后设置 docker0 网桥网段;
    
    
    如果指定了多个 EnvironmentFile 选项,则必须将 /run/flannel/docker 放在最后(确保 docker0 使用 flanneld 生成的 bip 参数);
    
    docker 需要以 root 用于运行;
    
    
    
    
    docker 从 1.13 版本开始,可能将 iptables FORWARD chain的默认策略设置为DROP,从而导致 ping 其它 Node 上的 Pod IP 失败,遇到这种情况时,需要手动设置策略为 ACCEPT:
    
    sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
    
    
    
    并且把以下命令写入 /etc/rc.local 文件中,防止节点重启iptables FORWARD chain的默认策略又还原为DROP
    
    echo /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT >/etc/profile
    
    source /etc/profile
    
    
    
    分发 systemd unit 文件到所有 worker 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        scp docker.service root@${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/docker.service
      done
    
    
    
    配置和分发 docker 配置文件
    
    配置docker镜像加速 (需要重启 dockerd 生效):
    
    cat > docker-daemon.json <<EOF
    {
        "registry-mirrors": ["https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
        "max-concurrent-downloads": 20
    }
    EOF
    
    
    
    分发 docker 配置文件到所有 work 节点:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p  /etc/docker/"
        scp docker-daemon.json root@${node_ip}:/etc/docker/daemon.json
      done
    
    
    
    启动 docker 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/iptables -F && /usr/sbin/iptables -X && /usr/sbin/iptables -F -t nat && /usr/sbin/iptables -X -t nat"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker && systemctl restart docker"
        ssh root@${node_ip} 'for intf in /sys/devices/virtual/net/docker0/brif/*; do echo 1 > $intf/hairpin_mode; done'
        ssh root@${node_ip} "sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf"
      done
    
    关闭 firewalld(centos7)/ufw(ubuntu16.04),否则可能会重复创建 iptables 规则;
    
    清理旧的 iptables rules 和 chains 规则;
    
    开启 docker0 网桥下虚拟网卡的 hairpin 模式;
    
    
    
    
    检查服务运行状态
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "systemctl status docker|grep Active"
      done
    
    
    确保状态为 active (running),否则查看日志,确认原因:
    
    journalctl -u docker
    
    
    
    检查 docker0 网桥
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh k8s@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/ip addr show flannel.1 && /usr/sbin/ip addr show docker0"
      done
    
    
    确认各 work 节点的 docker0 网桥和 flannel.1 接口的 IP 处于同一个网段中(如下 172.30.39.0 和 172.30.39.1):
    
    3: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
        link/ether ce:2f:d6:53:e5:f3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 172.30.39.0/32 scope global flannel.1
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::cc2f:d6ff:fe53:e5f3/64 scope link
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    4: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
        link/ether 02:42:bf:65:16:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 172.30.39.1/24 brd 172.30.39.255 scope global docker0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    
    
    
    
    
    07-2.部署 kubelet 组件
    
    kublet 运行在每个 worker 节点上,接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求,管理 Pod 容器,执行交互式命令,如 exec、run、logs 等。
    
    kublet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息,内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。
    
    为确保安全,本文档只开启接收 https 请求的安全端口,对请求进行认证和授权,拒绝未授权的访问(如 apiserver、heapster)。
    
    
    
    下载和分发 kubelet 二进制文件
    
    参考 06-0.部署master节点.md
    
    
    安装依赖包
    
    参考 07-0.部署worker节点.md
    
    
    创建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_name}"
    
        # 创建 token
        export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(kubeadm token create 
          --description kubelet-bootstrap-token 
          --groups system:bootstrappers:${node_name} 
          --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config)
    
        # 设置集群参数
        kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
          --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
          --embed-certs=true 
          --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
          --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
    
        # 设置客户端认证参数
        kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap 
          --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} 
          --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
    
        # 设置上下文参数
        kubectl config set-context default 
          --cluster=kubernetes 
          --user=kubelet-bootstrap 
          --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
    
        # 设置默认上下文
        kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig
      done
    
    证书中写入 Token 而非证书,证书后续由 controller-manager 创建。
    
    
    查看 kubeadm 为各节点创建的 token:
    
    kubeadm token list --kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
    TOKEN                     TTL       EXPIRES                     USAGES                   DESCRIPTION               EXTRA GROUPS
    k0s2bj.7nvw1zi1nalyz4gz   23h       2018-06-14T15:14:31+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:test1
    mkus5s.vilnjk3kutei600l   23h       2018-06-14T15:14:32+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:test3
    zkiem5.0m4xhw0jc8r466nk   23h       2018-06-14T15:14:32+08:00   authentication,signing   kubelet-bootstrap-token   system:bootstrappers:test2
    
    
    创建的 token 有效期为 1 天,超期后将不能再被使用,且会被 kube-controller-manager 的 tokencleaner 清理(如果启用该 controller 的话);
    
    kube-apiserver 接收 kubelet 的 bootstrap token 后,将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers;
    
    
    各 token 关联的 Secret:
    
    kubectl get secrets  -n kube-system
    NAME                     TYPE                                  DATA      AGE
    bootstrap-token-k0s2bj   bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token         7         1m
    bootstrap-token-mkus5s   bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token         7         1m
    bootstrap-token-zkiem5   bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token         7         1m
    default-token-99st7      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3         2d
    
    
    
    分发 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件到所有 worker 节点
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    
    for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_name}"
        scp kubelet-bootstrap-${node_name}.kubeconfig k8s@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
      done
    
    
    
    创建和分发 kubelet 参数配置文件
    
    从 v1.10 开始,kubelet 部分参数需在配置文件中配置,kubelet --help 会提示:
    
    DEPRECATED: This parameter should be set via the config file specified by the Kubelet's --config flag
    
    
    
    创建 kubelet 参数配置模板文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat > kubelet.config.json.template <<EOF
    {
      "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
      "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
      "authentication": {
        "x509": {
          "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem"
        },
        "webhook": {
          "enabled": true,
          "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
        },
        "anonymous": {
          "enabled": false
        }
      },
      "authorization": {
        "mode": "Webhook",
        "webhook": {
          "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
          "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
        }
      },
      "address": "##NODE_IP##",
      "port": 10250,
      "readOnlyPort": 0,
      "cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
      "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
      "serializeImagePulls": false,
      "featureGates": {
        "RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
        "RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
      },
      "clusterDomain": "${CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN}",
      "clusterDNS": ["${CLUSTER_DNS_SVC_IP}"]
    }
    EOF
    
    address:API 监听地址,不能为 127.0.0.1,否则 kube-apiserver、heapster 等不能调用 kubelet 的 API;
    
    readOnlyPort=0:关闭只读端口(默认 10255),等效为未指定;
    
    authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名?访问 10250 端口;
    
    authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTP 证书认证;
    
    authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证;
    
    对于未通过 x509 证书和 webhook 认证的请求(kube-apiserver 或其他客户端),将被拒绝,提示 Unauthorized;
    
    authroization.mode=Webhook:kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 查询 kube-apiserver 某 user、group 是否具有操作资源的权限(RBAC);
    
    featureGates.RotateKubeletClientCertificate、featureGates.RotateKubeletServerCertificate:自动 rotate 证书,证书的有效期取决于 kube-controller-manager 的 --experimental-cluster-signing-duration 参数;
    
    需要 root 账户运行;
    
    
    
    为各节点创建和分发 kubelet 配置文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do 
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        sed -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${node_ip}/" kubelet.config.json.template > kubelet.config-${node_ip}.json
        scp kubelet.config-${node_ip}.json root@${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.config.json
      done
    
    替换后的 kubelet.config.json 文件: kubelet.config.json
    
    创建和分发 kubelet systemd unit 文件
    
    
    
    创建 kubelet systemd unit 文件模板:
    
    cat > kubelet.service.template <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=docker.service
    Requires=docker.service
    
    [Service]
    WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \
      --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
      --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/cert \
      --network-plugin=cni \
      --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin \
      --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
      --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.config.json \
      --hostname-override=##NODE_NAME## \
      --pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest \
      --allow-privileged=true \
      --alsologtostderr=true \
      --logtostderr=false \
      --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes/ \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    如果设置了 --hostname-override 选项,则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项,否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况;
    
    --bootstrap-kubeconfig:指向 bootstrap kubeconfig 文件,kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求;
    
    K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后,在 --cert-dir 目录创建证书和私钥文件,然后写入 --kubeconfig 文件;
    
    替换后的 unit 文件:kubelet.service
    
    
    
    为各节点创建和分发 kubelet systemd unit 文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
      do 
        echo ">>> ${node_name}"
        sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${node_name}/" kubelet.service.template > kubelet-${node_name}.service
        scp kubelet-${node_name}.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
      done
    
    
    
    Bootstrap Token Auth 和授予权限
    
    kublet 启动时查找配置的 --kubeletconfig 文件是否存在,如果不存在则使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。
    
    kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后,对其中的 Token 进行认证(事先使用 kubeadm 创建的 token),认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 system:bootstrap:,group 设置为 system:bootstrappers,这一过程称为 Bootstrap Token Auth。
    
    默认情况下,这个 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限,kubelet 启动失败,错误日志如下:
    
    sudo journalctl -u kubelet -a |grep -A 2 'certificatesigningrequests'
    May 06 06:42:36 test1 kubelet[26986]: F0506 06:42:36.314378   26986 server.go:233] failed to run Kubelet: cannot create certificate signing request: certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io is forbidden: User "system:bootstrap:lemy40" cannot create certificatesigningrequests.certificates.k8s.io at the cluster scope
    May 06 06:42:36 test1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=255/n/a
    May 06 06:42:36 test1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
    
    
    
    解决办法是:创建一个 clusterrolebinding,将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 绑定:
    
    kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers
    
    
    给kubelet授权高级权限:
    
    否则无法通过kubectl exec 进入一个pod
    
    cat > apiserver-to-kubelet.yaml <<EOF
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRole
    metadata:
      annotations:
        rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
      labels:
        kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
      name: system:kubernetes-to-kubelet
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - nodes/proxy
          - nodes/stats
          - nodes/log
          - nodes/spec
          - nodes/metrics
        verbs:
          - "*"
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: system:kubernetes
      namespace: ""
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: system:kubernetes-to-kubelet
    subjects:
      - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
        kind: User
        name: kubernetes
    EOF
    
    
    创建授权:
    
    kubectl create -f apiserver-to-kubelet.yaml 
    
    [root@test4 ~]# kubectl create -f apiserver-to-kubelet.yaml 
    clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kubernetes-to-kubelet created
    clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kubernetes created
    
    重新进到容器查看资源
    
    [root@test4 ~]# kubectl exec -it http-test-dm2-6dbd76c7dd-cv9qf sh
    / # exit
    
    现在可以进到容器里面查看资源了
    
    这是之前实验报错后解决的结果贴到这里了,现在还没有pod,所以无法操作这一步
    
    
    
    启动 kubelet 服务
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "/usr/sbin/swapoff -a"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl restart kubelet"
      done
    
    关闭 swap 分区,否则 kubelet 会启动失败;
    
    必须先创建工作和日志目录;
    
    
    
    查看日志
    
    journalctl -u kubelet |tail
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.388242   22343 feature_gate.go:226] feature gates: &{{} map[RotateKubeletServerCertificate:true RotateKubeletClientCertificate:true]}
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.394342   22343 mount_linux.go:211] Detected OS with systemd
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: W0613 16:05:40.394494   22343 cni.go:171] Unable to update cni config: No networks found in /etc/cni/net.d
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399508   22343 server.go:376] Version: v1.10.4
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399583   22343 feature_gate.go:226] feature gates: &{{} map[RotateKubeletServerCertificate:true RotateKubeletClientCertificate:true]}
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399736   22343 plugins.go:89] No cloud provider specified.
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399752   22343 server.go:492] No cloud provider specified: "" from the config file: ""
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.399777   22343 bootstrap.go:58] Using bootstrap kubeconfig to generate TLS client cert, key and kubeconfig file
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.446068   22343 csr.go:105] csr for this node already exists, reusing
    Jun 13 16:05:40 test2 kubelet[22343]: I0613 16:05:40.453761   22343 csr.go:113] csr for this node is still valid
    
    kubelet 启动后使用 --bootstrap-kubeconfig 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求,当这个 CSR 被 approve 后,kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 --kubeletconfig 文件。
    
    注意:kube-controller-manager 需要配置 --cluster-signing-cert-file 和 --cluster-signing-key-file 参数,才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。
    
    
    查看csr
    
    kubectl get csr
    NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
    node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk   43s       system:bootstrap:zkiem5   Pending
    node-csr-oVbPmU-ikVknpynwu0Ckz_MvkAO_F1j0hmbcDa__sGA   27s       system:bootstrap:mkus5s   Pending
    node-csr-u0E1-ugxgotO_9FiGXo8DkD6a7-ew8sX2qPE6KPS2IY   13m       system:bootstrap:k0s2bj   Pending
    
    kubectl get nodes
    No resources found.
    
    三个 work 节点的 csr 均处于 pending 状态;
    
    
    
    approve kubelet CSR 请求
    
    可以手动或自动 approve CSR 请求。推荐使用自动的方式,因为从 v1.8 版本开始,可以自动轮转approve csr 后生成的证书。
    
    
    方式、手动 approve CSR 请求
    
    查看 CSR 列表:
    
    kubectl get csr
    NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
    node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk   43s       system:bootstrap:zkiem5   Pending
    node-csr-oVbPmU-ikVknpynwu0Ckz_MvkAO_F1j0hmbcDa__sGA   27s       system:bootstrap:mkus5s   Pending
    node-csr-u0E1-ugxgotO_9FiGXo8DkD6a7-ew8sX2qPE6KPS2IY   13m       system:bootstrap:k0s2bj   Pending
    approve CSR:
    
    kubectl certificate approve node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk
    certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io "node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk" approved
    
    
    查看 Approve 结果:
    
    kubectl describe  csr node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk
    Name:               node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk
    Labels:             <none>
    Annotations:        <none>
    CreationTimestamp:  Wed, 13 Jun 2018 16:05:04 +0800
    Requesting User:    system:bootstrap:zkiem5
    Status:             Approved
    Subject:
             Common Name:    system:node:test2
             Serial Number:
             Organization:   system:nodes
    Events:  <none>
    
    Requesting User:请求 CSR 的用户,kube-apiserver 对它进行认证和授权;
    
    Subject:请求签名的证书信息;
    
    证书的 CN 是 system:node:test2, Organization 是 system:nodes,kube-apiserver 的 Node 授权模式会授予该证书的相关权限;
    
    
    
    
    方式二、自动 approve CSR 请求
    
    创建三个 ClusterRoleBinding,分别用于自动 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书:
    
    cat > csr-crb.yaml <<EOF
     # Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
     metadata:
       name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
     subjects:
     - kind: Group
       name: system:bootstrappers
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    ---
     # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
     metadata:
       name: node-client-cert-renewal
     subjects:
     - kind: Group
       name: system:nodes
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    ---
    # A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
    # serving cert matching its client cert.
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
    rules:
    - apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
      resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
      verbs: ["create"]
    ---
     # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
     metadata:
       name: node-server-cert-renewal
     subjects:
     - kind: Group
       name: system:nodes
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    EOF
    
    auto-approve-csrs-for-group:自动 approve node 的第一次 CSR; 注意第一次 CSR 时,请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers;
    
    node-client-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;
    
    node-server-cert-renewal:自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书,自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;
    
    
    生效配置:
    
    kubectl apply -f csr-crb.yaml
    
    查看 kublet 的情况
    
    等待一段时间(1-10 分钟),三个节点的 CSR 都被自动 approve:
    
    kubectl get csr
    NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
    csr-98h25                                              6m        system:node:test2    Approved,Issued
    csr-lb5c9                                              7m        system:node:test3    Approved,Issued
    csr-m2hn4                                              14m       system:node:test1    Approved,Issued
    node-csr-7q7i0q4MF_K2TSEJj16At4CJFLlJkHIqei6nMIAaJCU   28m       system:bootstrap:k0s2bj   Approved,Issued
    node-csr-ND77wk2P8k2lHBtgBaObiyYw0uz1Um7g2pRvveMF-c4   35m       system:bootstrap:mkus5s   Approved,Issued
    node-csr-Nysmrw55nnM48NKwEJuiuCGmZoxouK4N8jiEHBtLQso   6m        system:bootstrap:zkiem5   Approved,Issued
    node-csr-QzuuQiuUfcSdp3j5W4B2UOuvQ_n9aTNHAlrLzVFiqrk   1h        system:bootstrap:zkiem5   Approved,Issued
    node-csr-oVbPmU-ikVknpynwu0Ckz_MvkAO_F1j0hmbcDa__sGA   1h        system:bootstrap:mkus5s   Approved,Issued
    node-csr-u0E1-ugxgotO_9FiGXo8DkD6a7-ew8sX2qPE6KPS2IY   1h        system:bootstrap:k0s2bj   Approved,Issued
    
    
    所有节点均 ready:
    
    kubectl get nodes
    NAME         STATUS    ROLES     AGE       VERSION
    test1   Ready     <none>    18m       v1.10.4
    test2   Ready     <none>    10m       v1.10.4
    test3   Ready     <none>    11m       v1.10.4
    
    
    
    查看kube-controller-manager 为各 node 生成了 kubeconfig 文件和公私钥:
    
    ls -l /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
    -rw------- 1 root root 2293 Jun 13 17:07 /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig
    
    ls -l /etc/kubernetes/cert/|grep kubelet
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1046 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-client.crt
    -rw------- 1 root root  227 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-client.key
    -rw------- 1 root root 1334 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-server-2018-06-13-17-07-45.pem
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   58 Jun 13 17:07 kubelet-server-current.pem -> /etc/kubernetes/cert/kubelet-server-2018-06-13-17-07-45.pem
    
    kubelet-server 证书会周期轮转;
    
    
    
    查看kubelet开启的端口(亲测实验1.13.0版本看不到4194端口,加上后kubelet就无法启动)
    
    kubelet 提供的 API 接口
    
    kublet 启动后监听多个端口,用于接收 kube-apiserver 或其它组件发送的请求:
    
    sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kubelet
    tcp        0      0 192.168.0.92:4194     0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2490/kubelet
    tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10248         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2490/kubelet
    tcp        0      0 192.168.0.92:10250    0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2490/kubelet
    
    4194: cadvisor http 服务;
    
    10248: healthz http 服务;
    
    10250: https API 服务;注意:未开启只读端口 10255;
    
    例如执行 kubectl ec -it nginx-ds-5rmws -- sh 命令时,kube-apiserver 会向 kubelet 发送如下请求:
    
    POST /exec/default/nginx-ds-5rmws/my-nginx?command=sh&input=1&output=1&tty=1
    
    kubelet 接收 10250 端口的 https 请求:
    
    /pods、/runningpods
    /metrics、/metrics/cadvisor、/metrics/probes
    /spec
    /stats、/stats/container
    /logs
    /run/、"/exec/", "/attach/", "/portForward/", "/containerLogs/" 等管理;
    
    详情参考:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/pkg/kubelet/server/server.go#L434:3
    
    由于关闭了匿名认证,同时开启了 webhook 授权,所有访问 10250 端口 https API 的请求都需要被认证和授权。
    
    预定义的 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 授予访问 kubelet 所有 API 的权限:
    
    kubectl describe clusterrole system:kubelet-api-admin
    Name:         system:kubelet-api-admin
    Labels:       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaults
    Annotations:  rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate=true
    PolicyRule:
      Resources      Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs
      ---------      -----------------  --------------  -----
      nodes          []                 []              [get list watch proxy]
      nodes/log      []                 []              [*]
      nodes/metrics  []                 []              [*]
      nodes/proxy    []                 []              [*]
      nodes/spec     []                 []              [*]
      nodes/stats    []                 []              [*]
    
    kublet api 认证和授权
    
    kublet 配置了如下认证参数:
    
    authentication.anonymous.enabled:设置为 false,不允许匿名?访问 10250 端口;
    
    authentication.x509.clientCAFile:指定签名客户端证书的 CA 证书,开启 HTTPs 证书认证;
    
    authentication.webhook.enabled=true:开启 HTTPs bearer token 认证;
    
    同时配置了如下授权参数:
    
    authroization.mode=Webhook:开启 RBAC 授权;
    
    kubelet 收到请求后,使用 clientCAFile 对证书签名进行认证,或者查询 bearer token 是否有效。如果两者都没通过,则拒绝请求,提示 Unauthorized:
    
    curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem https://192.168.0.92:10250/metrics
    Unauthorized
    
    curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer 123456" https://192.168.0.92:10250/metrics
    Unauthorized
    
    通过认证后,kubelet 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 向 kube-apiserver 发送请求,查询证书或 token 对应的 user、group 是否有操作资源的权限(RBAC);
    
    
    
    证书认证和授权:
    
    权限不足的证书;
    
    curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem --key /etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem https://192.168.0.92:10250/metrics
    Forbidden (user=system:kube-controller-manager, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=metrics)
    
    
    使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具时创建的、具有最高权限的 admin 证书;
    
    curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert ./admin.pem --key ./admin-key.pem https://192.168.0.92:10250/metrics|head
    
    # HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
    # TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="21600"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="43200"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="86400"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="172800"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="345600"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="604800"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="2.592e+06"} 0
    
    --cacert、--cert、--key 的参数值必须是文件路径,如上面的 ./admin.pem 不能省略 ./,否则返回 401 Unauthorized;
    
    
    
    
    bear token 认证和授权:
    
    创建一个 ServiceAccount,将它和 ClusterRole system:kubelet-api-admin 绑定,从而具有调用 kubelet API 的权限:
    
    kubectl create sa kubelet-api-test
    
    kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-api-test --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --serviceaccount=default:kubelet-api-test
    
    SECRET=$(kubectl get secrets | grep kubelet-api-test | awk '{print $1}')
    
    TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret ${SECRET} | grep -E '^token' | awk '{print $2}')
    
    echo ${TOKEN}
    
    curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" https://192.168.0.92:10250/metrics|head
    
    # HELP apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds Distribution of the remaining lifetime on the certificate used to authenticate a request.
    # TYPE apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds histogram
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="0"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="21600"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="43200"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="86400"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="172800"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="345600"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="604800"} 0
    apiserver_client_certificate_expiration_seconds_bucket{le="2.592e+06"} 0
    
    cadvisor 和 metrics
    
    cadvisor 统计?所在节点各容器的资源(CPU、内存、磁盘、网卡)使用情况,分别在自己的 http web 页面(4194 端口)和 10250 以 promehteus metrics 的形式输出。
    
    
    浏览器访问 http://192.168.0.91:4194/containers/ 可以查看到 cadvisor 的监控页面:
    
    
    浏览器访问 https://172.27.129.80:10250/metrics 和 https://172.27.129.80:10250/metrics/cadvisor 分别返回 kublet 和 cadvisor 的 metrics。
    
    
    注意:
    
    kublet.config.json 设置 authentication.anonymous.enabled 为 false,不允许匿名证书访问 10250 的 https 服务;
    
    参考A.浏览器访问kube-apiserver安全端口.md,创建和导入相关证书,然后访问上面的 10250 端口;
    
    
    
    
    获取 kublet 的配置
    
    从 kube-apiserver 获取各 node 的配置:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    
    使用部署 kubectl 命令行工具时创建的、具有最高权限的 admin 证书;
    
    curl -sSL --cacert /etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem --cert ./admin.pem --key ./admin-key.pem ${KUBE_APISERVER}/api/v1/nodes/test1/proxy/configz | jq 
      '.kubeletconfig|.kind="KubeletConfiguration"|.apiVersion="kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"'
    {
      "syncFrequency": "1m0s",
      "fileCheckFrequency": "20s",
      "httpCheckFrequency": "20s",
      "address": "172.27.129.80",
      "port": 10250,
      "readOnlyPort": 10255,
      "authentication": {
        "x509": {},
        "webhook": {
          "enabled": false,
          "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
        },
        "anonymous": {
          "enabled": true
        }
      },
      "authorization": {
        "mode": "AlwaysAllow",
        "webhook": {
          "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
          "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
        }
      },
      "registryPullQPS": 5,
      "registryBurst": 10,
      "eventRecordQPS": 5,
      "eventBurst": 10,
      "enableDebuggingHandlers": true,
      "healthzPort": 10248,
      "healthzBindAddress": "127.0.0.1",
      "oomScoreAdj": -999,
      "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
      "clusterDNS": [
        "10.254.0.2"
      ],
      "streamingConnectionIdleTimeout": "4h0m0s",
      "nodeStatusUpdateFrequency": "10s",
      "imageMinimumGCAge": "2m0s",
      "imageGCHighThresholdPercent": 85,
      "imageGCLowThresholdPercent": 80,
      "volumeStatsAggPeriod": "1m0s",
      "cgroupsPerQOS": true,
      "cgroupDriver": "cgroupfs",
      "cpuManagerPolicy": "none",
      "cpuManagerReconcilePeriod": "10s",
      "runtimeRequestTimeout": "2m0s",
      "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
      "maxPods": 110,
      "podPidsLimit": -1,
      "resolvConf": "/etc/resolv.conf",
      "cpuCFSQuota": true,
      "maxOpenFiles": 1000000,
      "contentType": "application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf",
      "kubeAPIQPS": 5,
      "kubeAPIBurst": 10,
      "serializeImagePulls": false,
      "evictionHard": {
        "imagefs.available": "15%",
        "memory.available": "100Mi",
        "nodefs.available": "10%",
        "nodefs.inodesFree": "5%"
      },
      "evictionPressureTransitionPeriod": "5m0s",
      "enableControllerAttachDetach": true,
      "makeIPTablesUtilChains": true,
      "iptablesMasqueradeBit": 14,
      "iptablesDropBit": 15,
      "featureGates": {
        "RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
        "RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
      },
      "failSwapOn": true,
      "containerLogMaxSize": "10Mi",
      "containerLogMaxFiles": 5,
      "enforceNodeAllocatable": [
        "pods"
      ],
      "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
      "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1"
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    07-3.部署 kube-proxy 组件
    
    kube-proxy 运行在所有 worker 节点上,,它监听 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的变化情况,创建路由规则来进行服务负载均衡。
    
    本文档讲解部署 kube-proxy 的部署,使用 ipvs 模式。
    
    下载和分发 kube-proxy 二进制文件
    
    参考 06-0.部署master节点.md
    
    安装依赖包
    
    各节点需要安装 ipvsadm 和 ipset 命令,加载 ip_vs 内核模块。
    
    参考 07-0.部署worker节点.md
    
    
    
    创建 kube-proxy 证书
    
    创建证书签名请求:
    
    cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "4Paradigm"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    CN:指定该证书的 User 为 system:kube-proxy;
    
    预定义的 RoleBinding system:node-proxier 将User system:kube-proxy 与 Role system:node-proxier 绑定,该 Role 授予了调用 kube-apiserver Proxy 相关 API 的权限;
    
    该证书只会被 kube-proxy 当做 client 证书使用,所以 hosts 字段为空;
    
    
    
    生成证书和私钥:
    
    cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem 
      -config=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-config.json 
      -profile=kubernetes  kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
    
    
    
    创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
      --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
      --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy 
      --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem 
      --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem 
      --embed-certs=true 
      --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config set-context default 
      --cluster=kubernetes 
      --user=kube-proxy 
      --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    
    kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    
    --embed-certs=true:将 ca.pem 和 admin.pem 证书内容嵌入到生成的 kubectl-proxy.kubeconfig 文件中(不加时,写入的是证书文件路径);
    
    
    
    分发 kubeconfig 文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_name}"
        scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig k8s@${node_name}:/etc/kubernetes/
      done
    
    
    
    
    创建 kube-proxy 配置文件
    
    从 v1.10 开始,kube-proxy 部分参数可以配置文件中配置。可以使用 --write-config-to 选项生成该配置文件,或者参考 kubeproxyconfig 的类型定义源文件 :https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/pkg/proxy/apis/kubeproxyconfig/types.go
    
    创建 kube-proxy config 文件模板:
    
    cat >kube-proxy.config.yaml.template <<EOF
    apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
    bindAddress: ##NODE_IP##
    clientConnection:
      kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    clusterCIDR: ${CLUSTER_CIDR}
    healthzBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10256
    hostnameOverride: ##NODE_NAME##
    kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
    metricsBindAddress: ##NODE_IP##:10249
    mode: "iptables"
    EOF
    
    bindAddress: 监听地址;
    
    clientConnection.kubeconfig: 连接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件;
    
    clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根据 --cluster-cidr 判断集群内部和外部流量,指定 --cluster-cidr 或 --masquerade-all 选项后 kube-proxy 才会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT;
    
    hostnameOverride: 参数值必须与 kubelet 的值一致,否则 kube-proxy 启动后会找不到该 Node,从而不会创建任何 iptables 规则;
    
    mode: 使用 iptables 模式;
    
    为各节点创建和分发 kube-proxy 配置文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for (( i=0; i < 3; i++ ))
      do 
        echo ">>> ${NODE_NAMES[i]}"
        sed -e "s/##NODE_NAME##/${NODE_NAMES[i]}/" -e "s/##NODE_IP##/${NODE_IPS[i]}/" kube-proxy.config.yaml.template > kube-proxy-${NODE_NAMES[i]}.config.yaml
        scp kube-proxy-${NODE_NAMES[i]}.config.yaml root@${NODE_NAMES[i]}:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.config.yaml
      done
    
    
    
    替换后的 kube-proxy.config.yaml 文件:kube-proxy.config.yaml
    
    创建和分发 kube-proxy systemd unit 文件
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    cat > kube-proxy.service <<EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-proxy \
      --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.config.yaml \
      --alsologtostderr=true \
      --logtostderr=false \
      --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
    
    
    
    替换后的 unit 文件:kube-proxy.service
    
    分发 kube-proxy systemd unit 文件:
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_name in ${NODE_NAMES[@]}
      do 
        echo ">>> ${node_name}"
        scp kube-proxy.service root@${node_name}:/etc/systemd/system/
      done
    
    
    
    
    启动 kube-proxy 服务
    
    source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
    for node_ip in ${NODE_IPS[@]}
      do
        echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "mkdir -p /var/log/kubernetes && chown -R k8s /var/log/kubernetes"
        ssh root@${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-proxy && systemctl restart kube-proxy"
      done
    
    必须先创建工作和日志目录;

    参照文档:

    https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster





  • 相关阅读:
    VMware下ubuntu与win8共享文件时/mnt/hgfs目录为空的解决办法
    Flex Array内置排序方法的使用
    Flex 选项卡加载方式简介
    Flash Builder 4.6 基本设置
    Flash Builder 4.6 找不到所需的Adobe Flash Player
    2 python--工具pycharm
    1 python--安装
    安装aix补丁包
    python_day02 上节课知识点回顾
    vue组件局部与全局注册的区别
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/effortsing/p/10360489.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知