写在前面
我们的系统可能因为正在部署、服务异常终止或者其他问题导致系统处于非健康状态,这个时候我们需要知道系统的健康状况,而健康检查可以帮助我们快速确定系统是否处于正常状态。一般情况下,我们会提供公开的HTTP接口,用于专门化健康检查。
NET Core提供的健康检查库包括Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks.Abstractions和Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks。这两个库共同为我们提供了最基础的健康检查的解决方案,后面扩展的组件主要有下面几个,本文不作其他说明。
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.System
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Network
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.SqlServer
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.MongoDb
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Npgsql
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Redis
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.AzureStorage
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.AzureServiceBus
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.MySql
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.DocumentDb
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.SqLite
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Kafka
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.RabbitMQ
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.IdSvr
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.DynamoDB
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Oracle
AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Uris
源码探究
Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks.Abstractions是.NET Core健康检查的抽象基础,从中我们可以看出这个库的设计意图。它提供了一个统一的接口IHealthCheck,用于检查应用程序中各个被监控组件的状态,包括后台服务、数据库等。这个接口只有一个方法CheckHealthAsync,
该方法有一个参数是HealthCheckContext,它表示当前健康检查执行时所关联的上下文对象,它的返回值HealthCheckResult表示当前健康检查结束后所产生的被监控组件的运行状态。
源码如下所示:
1: public interface IHealthCheck
2: {
3: Task<HealthCheckResult> CheckHealthAsync(HealthCheckContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
4: }
HealthCheckRegistration
HealthCheckContext里面只有一个成员就是HealthCheckRegistration实例。
而HealthCheckRegistration是一个相当重要的对象,它体现了健康检查需要关注和注意的地方,其内部涉及到五个属性,分别用于:
- 标识健康检查名称
- 创建IHealthCheck实例
- 健康检查的超时时间(防止我们因为健康检查而过多占用资源)
- 失败状态标识
- 一个标签集合(可用于健康检查过滤)
这五个属性的相关源码如下:
1: public Func<IServiceProvider, IHealthCheck> Factory
2: {
3: get => _factory;
4: set
5: {
6: if (value == null)
7: {
8: throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
9: }
10:
11: _factory = value;
12: }
13: }
14:
15: public HealthStatus FailureStatus { get; set; }
16:
17: public TimeSpan Timeout
18: {
19: get => _timeout;
20: set
21: {
22: if (value <= TimeSpan.Zero && value != System.Threading.Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan)
23: {
24: throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value));
25: }
26:
27: _timeout = value;
28: }
29: }
30:
31: public string Name
32: {
33: get => _name;
34: set
35: {
36: if (value == null)
37: {
38: throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
39: }
40:
41: _name = value;
42: }
43: }
44:
45: public ISet<string> Tags { get; }
HealthCheckResult
HealthCheckResult是一个结构体,可以看出这里更多的是基于承担数据存储和性能问题的考量。
HealthCheckResult用于表示健康检查的相关结果信息,同样的,通过该类,我们知道了健康检查需要关注的几个点:
- 组件的当前状态
- 异常信息
- 友好的描述信息(不管是异常还是正常)
- 额外可描述当前组件的键值对,这是一个开放式的属性,方面我们记录更多信息
该类含有四个公共属性,和三个方法,相关源码如下:
1: public struct HealthCheckResult
2: {
3: private static readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object> _emptyReadOnlyDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object>();
4:
5: public HealthCheckResult(HealthStatus status, string description = null, Exception exception = null, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object> data = null)
6: {
7: Status = status;
8: Description = description;
9: Exception = exception;
10: Data = data ?? _emptyReadOnlyDictionary;
11: }
12:
13: public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object> Data { get; }
14:
15: public string Description { get; }
16:
17: public Exception Exception { get; }
18:
19: public HealthStatus Status { get; }
20:
21: public static HealthCheckResult Healthy(string description = null, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object> data = null)
22: {
23: return new HealthCheckResult(status: HealthStatus.Healthy, description, exception: null, data);
24: }
25:
26: public static HealthCheckResult Degraded(string description = null, Exception exception = null, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object> data = null)
27: {
28: return new HealthCheckResult(status: HealthStatus.Degraded, description, exception: exception, data);
29: }
30:
31: public static HealthCheckResult Unhealthy(string description = null, Exception exception = null, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object> data = null)
32: {
33: return new HealthCheckResult(status: HealthStatus.Unhealthy, description, exception, data);
34: }
35: }
可以看出这个三个方法都是基于HealthStatus这个枚举而创建不同状态的HealthCheckResult实例,这个枚举表达了健康检查需要关注的几种状态,健康、异常以及降级。
HealthStatus的源码如下:
1: public enum HealthStatus
2: {
3: Unhealthy = 0,
4:
5: Degraded = 1,
6:
7: Healthy = 2,
8: }
IHealthCheckPublisher
健康检查功能本质上是一种轮询功能,需要定期执行,.NET Core 抽象定期执行的接口,即IHealthCheckPublisher,我们可以通过实现这个接口,并与我们自定义的定时功能相结合。
同时,作为一次健康检查,我们还需要关注相关的健康检查报告,那么我们需要关注那些点呢?
- 额外可描述当前组件的键值对,这是一个开放式的属性,方面我们记录更多信息
- 友好的描述信息(不管是异常还是正常)
- 组件的当前状态
- 异常信息
- 当前这次检查所耗费的时间
- 相关的标签信息
HealthReportEntry表示单个健康检查报告,HealthReport表示一组健康检查报告。HealthReport内部维护了一个HealthReportEntry的字典数据,HealthReport源码如下所示:
1: public sealed class HealthReport
2: {
3: public HealthReport(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, HealthReportEntry> entries, TimeSpan totalDuration)
4: {
5: Entries = entries;
6: Status = CalculateAggregateStatus(entries.Values);
7: TotalDuration = totalDuration;
8: }
9:
10: public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, HealthReportEntry> Entries { get; }
11:
12: public HealthStatus Status { get; }
13:
14: public TimeSpan TotalDuration { get; }
15:
16: private HealthStatus CalculateAggregateStatus(IEnumerable<HealthReportEntry> entries)
17: {
18: var currentValue = HealthStatus.Healthy;
19: foreach (var entry in entries)
20: {
21: if (currentValue > entry.Status)
22: {
23: currentValue = entry.Status;
24: }
25:
26: if (currentValue == HealthStatus.Unhealthy)
27: {
28: // Game over, man! Game over!
29: // (We hit the worst possible status, so there's no need to keep iterating)
30: return currentValue;
31: }
32: }
33:
34: return currentValue;
35: }
36: }
总结
通过以上内容,我们知道了,一个完整的健康检查需要关注健康检查上下文、健康状态的维护、健康检查结果、健康检查报告,同时,为了更好的维护健康检查,我们可以将健康检查发布抽象出来,并与外部的定时器相结合,共同守护健康检查程序。