JVM性能调优指南

1、JVM的参数类型

1.1 标准参数：在各jdk版本中较稳定

-help
-server -client
-version -showversion
-cp -classpath

1.2 X参数

1.2.1非标准化参数

1.2.2 -Xint：完全解释执行

调整为完全解释执行编译模式：

MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ java -Xint -version
java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, interpreted mode)

1.2.3 -Xcomp：第一次使用就编译成本地代码

调整为编译执行编译模式：

MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ java -Xcomp -version
java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, compiled mode)

1.2.4 -Xmixed：混合模式，JVM自己来决定是否编译成本地代码

MacBook-Pro:~ chuanzhou$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_161"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_161-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.161-b12, mixed mode)

最后一行的mixed mode表明JVM默认使用的编译模式是混合模式

1.3 XX参数

使用最多的一种参数类型

1.3.1 Boolean类型

格式：-XX:[+/-] <name> 表示启用或者禁用name属性
比如：
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC 表示启用CMS垃圾回收器
-XX:+UseG1GC 表示启用G1垃圾回收器

1.3.2 非Boolean类型

格式：-XX:<name> = <value> 表示name属性的值为value
比如：
-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500 表示GC最大停顿时间是500毫秒
-XX:GCTimeRatio=19 表示...

1.3.3 -Xmx -Xms

虽然1以X开头，但是不是X类型参数，而是XX类型的参数

-Xmx等价于-XX:MaxHeapSize 表示最大堆内存大小，可使用jinfo -flag MaxHeapSize 进程id查看，如下：

[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ps -ef|grep java
root      9723     1  0 4月24 ?       04:28:59 /usr/program/jdk1.8.0_72/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root     20037 19984  0 20:53 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto java
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jinfo -flag MaxHeapSize 9723
-XX:MaxHeapSize=482344960
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]#

-Xms等价于-XX:InitalHeapSize 表示堆内存初始大小
-Xss等价于-XX:InitalStackSize 表示线程栈的初始大小，可以使用jinfo -flag ThreadStackSize 进程id查看，如下：

[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ps -ef
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ps -ef|grep java
root      9723     1  0 4月24 ?       04:28:59 /usr/program/jdk1.8.0_72/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root     20037 19984  0 20:53 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto java
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jinfo -flag MaxHeapSize 9723
-XX:MaxHeapSize=482344960
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jinfo -flag ThreadStackSize 9723
-XX:ThreadStackSize=1024
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]#

2、JVM运行时参数查看

-XX:+printFlagsInitial 查看JVM运行时初始值
-XX:+printFlagsFinal 查看JVM运行时最终值
-XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions 解锁实验参数
-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions 解锁诊断参数
-XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags 打印命令行参数

如查看JVM版本信息：java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version > ~/version.txt

version.txt中部分参数：
[Global flags]
    uintx AdaptiveSizeDecrementScaleFactor          = 4                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizeMajorGCDecayTimeScale         = 10                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePausePolicy                   = 0                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyCollectionCostMargin    = 50                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyInitializingSteps       = 20                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyOutputInterval          = 0                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight                  = 10                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizeThroughPutPolicy              = 0                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveTimeWeight                        = 25                                  {product}
     bool AdjustConcurrency                         = false                               {product}
     bool AggressiveOpts                            = false                               {product}
     bool C1ProfileVirtualCalls                     = true                                {C1 product}
     bool C1UpdateMethodData                        = true                                {C1 product}
     intx CICompilerCount                          := 2                                   {product}
     bool CICompilerCountPerCPU                     = true                                {product}
     bool CITime                                    = false                               {product}
     bool CMSAbortSemantics                         = false                               {product}
    uintx CMSAbortablePrecleanMinWorkPerIteration   = 100                                 {product}
     intx CMSAbortablePrecleanWaitMillis            = 100                                 {manageable}
    uintx CMSBitMapYieldQuantum                     = 10485760

注：=表示默认值，=:表示修改后的值

jps：查看Java进程

[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jps
20160 Jps
9723 Bootstrap
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jps -l
20170 sun.tools.jps.Jps
9723 org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]#

关于jps等命令的详解，可参考此文档https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/tools/unix/index.html

jinfo：查看指定Java进程运行时参数

如查看一个java进程id为9723的tomcat服务最大堆内存大小

[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ps -ef|grep java
root      9723     1  0 4月24 ?       04:29:03 /usr/program/jdk1.8.0_72/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/bootstrap.jar:/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 -Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root     20187 20123  0 21:34 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto java
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jinfo -flag MaxHeapSize 9723
-XX:MaxHeapSize=482344960
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]#

查看一个进程的所有运行时参数：

[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jinfo -flags 9732
Attaching to process ID 9732, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.72-b15
Non-default VM flags: -XX:CICompilerCount=2 
-XX:InitialHeapSize=31457280 -XX:MaxHeapSize=482344960 
-XX:MaxNewSize=160759808 -XX:MinHeapDeltaBytes=196608 
-XX:NewSize=10485760 -XX:OldSize=20971520 
-XX:+UseCompressedClassPointers -XX:+UseCompressedOops
Command line:  -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/conf/logging.properties 
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 
-Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources 
-Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -Dcatalina.base=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 
-Dcatalina.home=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50 
-Djava.io.tmpdir=/opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.0.50/temp
[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]#

Non-default VM flags表示手动赋值过的参数，其中有些是tomcat设置的
Command line：与Non-default VM flags

查看垃圾回收器信息

MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ jinfo -flag UseConcMarkSweepGc 29159
no such flag 'UseConcMarkSweepGc'
MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ jinfo -flag UseG1Gc 29159
no such flag 'UseG1Gc'
MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ jinfo -flag UseParallelGc 29159
no such flag 'UseParallelGc'

3、jstat查看虚拟机统计信息

3.1 类装载

格式：jstat -class 进程id 每隔多少毫秒一共输出多少次
如：查看一个进程id为29159的java进程，每隔1s输出，一共输出10次

MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ jstat -class 29159 1000 10
Loaded  Bytes  Unloaded  Bytes     Time
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14
  3204  6088.2        0     0.0       2.14

Loaded：表示类加载的个数
Bytes：表示类加载的大小，单位为kb
UnLoaded：表示类卸载的个数
Bytes：表示类卸载的大小，单位为kb
Time：表示类加载和卸载的时间

3.2 垃圾收集

要查看一个java进程的垃圾收集器信息，可使用jstat -gc 进程id 每隔多少毫秒一共输出多少次

MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ jstat -gc 29159 1000 3
 S0C    S1C    S0U    S1U      EC       EU        OC         OU       MC     MU    CCSC   CCSU   YGC     YGCT    FGC    FGCT     GCT
5120.0 5120.0 4308.8  0.0   33280.0  17845.6   87552.0      88.0    18944.0 18304.7 2304.0 2144.9      2    0.014   0      0.000    0.014
5120.0 5120.0 4308.8  0.0   33280.0  17845.6   87552.0      88.0    18944.0 18304.7 2304.0 2144.9      2    0.014   0      0.000    0.014
5120.0 5120.0 4308.8  0.0   33280.0  17845.6   87552.0      88.0    18944.0 18304.7 2304.0 2144.9      2    0.014   0      0.000    0.014

S0C: Current survivor space 0 capacity (kB).表示survivor 0区的总大小
S1C: Current survivor space 1 capacity (kB).表示survivor 1区的总大小
S0U: Survivor space 0 utilization (kB).表示survivor 0区使用了的大小
S1U: Survivor space 1 utilization (kB).表示survivor 1区使用了的大小
EC: Current eden space capacity (kB).表示eden区总大小
EU: Eden space utilization (kB).表示eden区使用了的大小
OC: Current old space capacity (kB).表示old区总大小
OU: Old space utilization (kB).表示old区使用了的大小
MC: Metaspace capacity (kB).表示Metaspace区总大小
MU: Metacspace utilization (kB).表示Metaspace区使用了的大小
CCSC: Compressed class space capacity (kB).表示压缩类空间总量
CCSU: Compressed class space used (kB).表示压缩类空间使用量
YGC: Number of young generation garbage collection events.表示Young GC的次数
YGCT: Young generation garbage collection time.表示Young GC的时间
FGC: Number of full GC events.表示full GC的次数
FGCT: Full garbage collection time.表示full GC的时间
GCT: Total garbage collection time.表示总的 GC的时间

3.3 JIT编译

3.3.1 -compiler参数

MacBook-Pro:dubbo-learn chuanzhou$ jstat -compiler 29159 1000 5
Compiled Failed Invalid   Time   FailedType FailedMethod
    1284      0       0     3.50          0
    1284      0       0     3.50          0
    1284      0       0     3.50          0
    1284      0       0     3.50          0
    1284      0       0     3.50          0

Compiled：表示编译成功的方法数量
Failed：表示编译失败的方法数量
Invalid：表示编译无效的方法数量
Time：编译所花费的时间
FailedType：编译失败类型
FailedMethod：编译失败方法

3.3.2 -printcompilation参数

4、jmap+MAT实战内存溢出

模拟内存溢出：

@RestController
public class MemoryController {
    
    private List<User>  userList = new ArrayList<User>();
    private List<Class<?>>  classList = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
    
    /**
     * -Xmx32M -Xms32M
     * */
    @GetMapping("/heap")
    public String heap() {
        int i=0;
        while(true) {
            userList.add(new User(i++, UUID.randomUUID().toString()));
        }
    }
    
    
    /**
     * -XX:MetaspaceSize=32M -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=32M
     * */
    @GetMapping("/nonheap")
    public String nonheap() {
        while(true) {
            classList.addAll(Metaspace.createClasses());
        }
    }
    
}

package com.imooc.monitor_tuning.chapter2;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;

/*
 * https://blog.csdn.net/bolg_hero/article/details/78189621
 * 继承ClassLoader是为了方便调用defineClass方法，因为该方法的定义为protected
 * */
public class Metaspace extends ClassLoader {
    
    public static List<Class<?>> createClasses() {
        // 类持有
        List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
        // 循环1000w次生成1000w个不同的类。
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; ++i) {
            ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);
            // 定义一个类名称为Class{i}，它的访问域为public，父类为java.lang.Object，不实现任何接口
            cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_1, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, "Class" + i, null,
                    "java/lang/Object", null);
            // 定义构造函数<init>方法
            MethodVisitor mw = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, "<init>",
                    "()V", null, null);
            // 第一个指令为加载this
            mw.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
            // 第二个指令为调用父类Object的构造函数
            mw.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/Object",
                    "<init>", "()V");
            // 第三条指令为return
            mw.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
            mw.visitMaxs(1, 1);
            mw.visitEnd();
            Metaspace test = new Metaspace();
            byte[] code = cw.toByteArray();
            // 定义类
            Class<?> exampleClass = test.defineClass("Class" + i, code, 0, code.length);
            classes.add(exampleClass);
        }
        return classes;
    }
}

package com.imooc.monitor_tuning.chapter2;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    public User(int id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
}

设置启动参数：

启动参数

启动application，发现出现内存溢出

4.1 如何导出内存溢出映像文件

4.2 内存溢出自动导出

-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
-XX:HeapDumpPath=./

4.3 使用jmap命令手动导出

格式：jmap -dump:format=b,file=路径/heap.hprof 进程id
其他命令：jmap -heap 进程id 查看堆信息

[root@izwz93osmk5vi5qwqyscxaz bin]# ./jmap -heap 9723
Attaching to process ID 9723, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.72-b15

using thread-local object allocation.
Mark Sweep Compact GC

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 40
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 70
   MaxHeapSize              = 482344960 (460.0MB)
   NewSize                  = 10485760 (10.0MB)
   MaxNewSize               = 160759808 (153.3125MB)
   OldSize                  = 20971520 (20.0MB)
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB)
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)

Heap Usage:
New Generation (Eden + 1 Survivor Space):
   capacity = 32178176 (30.6875MB)
   used     = 16081160 (15.336189270019531MB)
   free     = 16097016 (15.351310729980469MB)
   49.97536218336303% used
Eden Space:
   capacity = 28639232 (27.3125MB)
   used     = 16054760 (15.311012268066406MB)
   free     = 12584472 (12.001487731933594MB)
   56.058626153103546% used
From Space:
   capacity = 3538944 (3.375MB)
   used     = 26400 (0.025177001953125MB)
   free     = 3512544 (3.349822998046875MB)
   0.7459852430555556% used
To Space:
   capacity = 3538944 (3.375MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 3538944 (3.375MB)
   0.0% used
tenured generation:
   capacity = 71221248 (67.921875MB)
   used     = 57115304 (54.469398498535156MB)
   free     = 14105944 (13.452476501464844MB)
   80.19419148622613% used

27532 interned Strings occupying 3194040 bytes.

4.4 使用MAT分析映像文件

MAT分析

Class Name：类名
Objects：对象数量
Shallow Heap：
Retained Heap：占用的内存大小

右键查看com.imooc.monitor_tuning.chapter2.User的强引用

image.png

也可以查看对象树：

对象树

5、jstack实战死循环与死锁

格式：jstack 进程id

2018-09-05 07:59:21
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.72-b15 mixed mode):

"Attach Listener" #16 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3d9c001000 nid=0x521f waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"localhost-startStop-1" #15 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dac002800 nid=0x5208 runnable [0x00007f3da15d1000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at java.io.FileInputStream.readBytes(Native Method)
    at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:255)
    at sun.security.provider.SeedGenerator$URLSeedGenerator.getSeedBytes(SeedGenerator.java:539)
    at sun.security.provider.SeedGenerator.generateSeed(SeedGenerator.java:144)
    at sun.security.provider.SecureRandom$SeederHolder.<clinit>(SecureRandom.java:203)
    at sun.security.provider.SecureRandom.engineNextBytes(SecureRandom.java:221)
    - locked <0x00000000e3e90be0> (a sun.security.provider.SecureRandom)
    at java.security.SecureRandom.nextBytes(SecureRandom.java:468)
    - locked <0x00000000e3e910c0> (a java.security.SecureRandom)
    at java.security.SecureRandom.next(SecureRandom.java:491)
    at java.util.Random.nextInt(Random.java:329)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.createSecureRandom(SessionIdGeneratorBase.java:240)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.getRandomBytes(SessionIdGeneratorBase.java:174)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.StandardSessionIdGenerator.generateSessionId(StandardSessionIdGenerator.java:34)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.generateSessionId(SessionIdGeneratorBase.java:167)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.startInternal(SessionIdGeneratorBase.java:260)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000e3e90730> (a org.apache.catalina.util.StandardSessionIdGenerator)
    at org.apache.catalina.session.ManagerBase.startInternal(ManagerBase.java:717)
    at org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager.startInternal(StandardManager.java:352)
    - locked <0x00000000e42eefb0> (a org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000e42eefb0> (a org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5339)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c6ca0> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c6ca0> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:753)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:729)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:717)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:974)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1850)
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"Catalina-startStop-1" #14 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc4437000 nid=0x5207 waiting on condition [0x00007f3da16d2000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
    at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
    - parking to wait for  <0x00000000ed3c6fc0> (a java.util.concurrent.FutureTask)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.awaitDone(FutureTask.java:429)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWARs(HostConfig.java:766)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:436)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1580)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:322)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:95)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:388)
    - locked <0x00000000ed03ec38> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setState(LifecycleBase.java:333)
    - locked <0x00000000ed03ec38> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:960)
    - locked <0x00000000ed03ec38> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:871)
    - locked <0x00000000ed03ec38> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000ed03ec38> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1408)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1398)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

"NioBlockingSelector.BlockPoller-2" #13 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc4429800 nid=0x5206 runnable [0x00007f3da17d4000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:93)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:86)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c75a8> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c75b8> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c7560> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:97)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioBlockingSelector$BlockPoller.run(NioBlockingSelector.java:301)

"NioBlockingSelector.BlockPoller-1" #12 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc440e800 nid=0x5205 runnable [0x00007f3da18d5000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
    at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:93)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:86)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c77e0> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c77f0> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
    - locked <0x00000000ed3c7798> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
    at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:97)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioBlockingSelector$BlockPoller.run(NioBlockingSelector.java:301)

"GC Daemon" #11 daemon prio=2 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc4356800 nid=0x5204 in Object.wait() [0x00007f3dc81a0000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000000ed0d57f0> (a sun.misc.GC$LatencyLock)
    at sun.misc.GC$Daemon.run(GC.java:117)
    - locked <0x00000000ed0d57f0> (a sun.misc.GC$LatencyLock)

"AsyncFileHandlerWriter-789451787" #10 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc4105000 nid=0x5203 waiting on condition [0x00007f3dc8338000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: TIMED_WAITING (parking)
    at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
    - parking to wait for  <0x00000000ecec1210> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.parkNanos(LockSupport.java:215)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.awaitNanos(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:2078)
    at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.pollFirst(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:522)
    at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.poll(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:684)
    at org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler$LoggerThread.run(AsyncFileHandler.java:153)

"Service Thread" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc40b3800 nid=0x5201 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C1 CompilerThread1" #6 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc40b0800 nid=0x5200 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" #5 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc40ae800 nid=0x51ff waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc40ad000 nid=0x51fe runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc407a000 nid=0x51fd in Object.wait() [0x00007f3dc893e000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000000ecec2320> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
    at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:143)
    - locked <0x00000000ecec2320> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
    at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:164)
    at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:209)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc4075000 nid=0x51fc in Object.wait() [0x00007f3dc8a3f000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
    - waiting on <0x00000000ecec24d8> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
    at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
    at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
    - locked <0x00000000ecec24d8> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
    at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc4009000 nid=0x51fa waiting on condition [0x00007f3dcc417000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
    at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
    - parking to wait for  <0x00000000ed3c7340> (a java.util.concurrent.FutureTask)
    at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.awaitDone(FutureTask.java:429)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:191)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:943)
    - locked <0x00000000ecfb7038> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
    - locked <0x00000000ecfb7038> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000ecfb7038> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:441)
    - locked <0x00000000ecfb7038> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000ecfa2330> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:789)
    - locked <0x00000000ecf4e258> (a java.lang.Object)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    - locked <0x00000000ecf1c578> (a org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:641)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:349)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:483)

"VM Thread" os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc406d800 nid=0x51fb runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f3dc40b7000 nid=0x5202 waiting on condition

JNI global references: 59

localhost-startStop-1：线程名
daemon：后台线程
prio：优先级
os_prio：系统优先级
tid：线程id
nid：操作系统id
java.lang.Thread.State：线程状态；NEW-线程尚未启动， RUNNABLE- 线程运行中，BLOCKED-等待一个锁， WAITINH-等待另一个线程， TIMED_WAITING-限时等待另一个线程， TERMINATED-已退出

5.1 实战死循环

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class CpuController {
    
    /**
     * 死循环
     * */
    @RequestMapping("/loop")
    public List<Long> loop(){
        String data = "{"data":[{"partnerid":]";
        return getPartneridsFromJson(data);
    }
    
    private Object lock1 = new Object();
    private Object lock2 = new Object();
    
    /**
     * 死锁
     * */
    @RequestMapping("/deadlock")
    public String deadlock(){
        new Thread(()->{
            synchronized(lock1) {
                try {Thread.sleep(1000);}catch(Exception e) {}
                synchronized(lock2) {
                    System.out.println("Thread1 over");
                }
            }
        }) .start();
        new Thread(()->{
            synchronized(lock2) {
                try {Thread.sleep(1000);}catch(Exception e) {}
                synchronized(lock1) {
                    System.out.println("Thread2 over");
                }
            }
        }) .start();
        return "deadlock";
    }
    public static List<Long> getPartneridsFromJson(String data){  
        //{"data":[{"partnerid":982,"count":"10000","cityid":"11"},{"partnerid":983,"count":"10000","cityid":"11"},{"partnerid":984,"count":"10000","cityid":"11"}]}  
        //上面是正常的数据  
        List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>(2);  
        if(data == null || data.length() <= 0){  
            return list;  
        }      
        int datapos = data.indexOf("data");  
        if(datapos < 0){  
            return list;  
        }  
        int leftBracket = data.indexOf("[",datapos);  
        int rightBracket= data.indexOf("]",datapos);  
        if(leftBracket < 0 || rightBracket < 0){  
            return list;  
        }  
        String partners = data.substring(leftBracket+1,rightBracket);  
        if(partners == null || partners.length() <= 0){  
            return list;  
        }  
        while(partners!=null && partners.length() > 0){  
            int idpos = partners.indexOf("partnerid");  
            if(idpos < 0){  
                break;  
            }  
            int colonpos = partners.indexOf(":",idpos);  
            int commapos = partners.indexOf(",",idpos);  
            if(colonpos < 0 || commapos < 0){  
                //partners = partners.substring(idpos+"partnerid".length());//1  
                continue;
            }  
            String pid = partners.substring(colonpos+1,commapos);  
            if(pid == null || pid.length() <= 0){  
                //partners = partners.substring(idpos+"partnerid".length());//2  
                continue;
            }  
            try{  
                list.add(Long.parseLong(pid));  
            }catch(Exception e){  
                //do nothing  
            }  
            partners = partners.substring(commapos);  
        }  
        return list;  
    }  
    
}

访问/loop端点三次，然后使用top命令：

#导出线程堆栈
$ jstack 7930 > 7930.txt
#打印该进程下的线程
$ top -p 7930 -H

#将十进制线程id转换为16进制
$ printf "%x" 8247
2037

然后在导出的7930.txt文件中找到2037

死循环

访问/loop端点，制造死循环，使用jstack命令导出线程堆栈信息：

死锁

最后一行已提示：Found 1 deadlock

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/edda/p/12720674.html