configparse模块
该模块适用于配置文件的格式,与windows ini文件类似,可以包含一个或多个节(section),每个节可以有多个参数(键=值)。
1、创建文件
来看一个好多软件的常见文档格式如下:
[DEFAULT]
ServerAliveInterval = 45
Compression = yes
CompressionLevel = 9
ForwardX11 = yes
[bitbucket.org]
User = hg
[topsecret.server.com]
Port = 50022
ForwardX11 = no
如果想用python生成一个这样的文档怎么做呢?
import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config['DEFAULT'] = {'ServerAliveInterval': 45,
'Compression': 'yes',
'CompressionLevel': 9,
'ForwardX11': 'yes'
}
config['bitbucket.org'] = {'User': 'hg'}
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {'Host Port': '50022', 'ForwardX11': 'no'}
with open('example.ini', 'w') as f1:
config.write(f1)
2、查找文件
import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('example.ini')
查找文件内容,基于字典的形式
print(config.sections()) #['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']
通过原码可以看到read默认有2个参数:filenames, encoding=None,如果有中文就需要指定编码
config.read('example.ini', encoding='utf8')
判断key值是否在config中
print('bytebong.com' in config) # False print('bitbucket.org' in config) # True
打印'DEFAULT'下面的键
print(config['DEFAULT']) #<Section: DEFAULT> print(config['DEFAULT']['compression']) #yes
打印Section下的key
for k in config['DEFAULT']:
print(k)
# serveraliveinterval
# compression
# compressionlevel
# forwardx11
for k in config['bitbucket.org']:
print(k + ':' + config['bitbucket.org'][k])
# user:hg
# serveraliveinterval:45
# compression:yes
# compressionlevel:9
# forwardx11:yes
# 注意,有default会默认输出default的键
找出所有键值对
print(config.options('bitbucket.org'))
# ['user', 'serveraliveinterval', 'compression', 'compressionlevel', 'forwardx11']
# 同for循环,找到'bitbucket.org'下所有键,有default会默认输出default的键
找到Section下所有键值对
print(config.items('DEFAULT'))
# [('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes')]
print(config.items('bitbucket.org'))
# # [('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]
get方法Section下的key对应的value
print(config.get('DEFAULT', 'compression')) #yes print(config.get('topsecret.server.com', 'host port')) #50022
3、增删改操作
import configparser
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('example.ini', encoding='utf8')
增加
config.add_section('test1')
with open('example.ini', 'w') as f:
config.write(f)
# 增加了一个section,名称为[test1]
删除
config.remove_section('bitbucket.org')
with open('example.ini', 'w') as f:
config.write(f)
# 删除了section:[bitbucket.org]
config.remove_option('topsecret.server.com', 'forwardx11')
with open('example.ini', 'w') as f:
config.write(f)
# 删除了topsecret.server.com下的forwardx11键值对
修改
config.set('topsecret.server.com', 'k1', '123')
config.set('topsecret.server.com', 'host port', '50021')
config.set('test1', 'k2', '111')
config.write(open('example.ini', 'w'))
# 设置topsecret.server.com下的k1的值为123, 设置host port的值为50021
# 设置test1下的k2的值为111
# set方法,有则更改,无则添加
# config.write(open(file, 'w'))写法同with open(file, 'w') as config_file:config.write(config_file)
example.ini 结果:
[DEFAULT]
serveraliveinterval = 45
compression = yes
compressionlevel = 9
forwardx11 = yes
[topsecret.server.com]
host port = 50021
k1 = 123
[test1]
k2 = 111