• UVa 557 Burger (概率+递推)


    题意:有 n 个牛肉堡和 n 个鸡肉堡给 2n 个客人吃,在吃之前抛硬币来决定吃什么,如果剩下的汉堡一样,就不用投了,求最后两个人吃到相同的概率。

    析:由于正面考虑还要要不要投硬币,太麻烦,所以我们先求最后两人吃到不同的概率即可,再用 1 减去就OK。

    假设最后两个人吃的不一样,那么前 n-2 个人吃的肯定是 n/2 -1个牛肉堡和n/2-1 个鸡肉堡,根据排列组合可知,概率应该是C(n-2, n/2-1) * (0.5)^(n-2)。

    这就是公式,然而这个并不好算,很可能超时,所以我们再把第 n-2 写出来,对比一下,然后就得到一个递推公式:

    dp[i] = dp[i-1] * (2*i-3.0)*(2*i-2.0)/(i-1.0)/(i-1.0) * 0.25;(注意这里的 i 等于原来的2*i),然后就可以直接算了。

    代码如下:

    #pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <string>
    #include <cstdlib>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <set>
    #include <queue>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    #include <map>
    #include <cctype>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <stack>
    #define freopenr freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin)
    #define freopenw freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout)
    using namespace std;
    
    typedef long long LL;
    typedef pair<int, int> P;
    const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    const double inf = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f;
    const LL LNF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f;
    const double PI = acos(-1.0);
    const double eps = 1e-8;
    const int maxn = 50000 + 5;
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    const int dr[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};
    const int dc[] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
    const char *Hex[] = {"0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111"};
    int n, m;
    const int mon[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
    const int monn[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
    inline int Min(int a, int b){ return a < b ? a : b; }
    inline int Max(int a, int b){ return a > b ? a : b; }
    inline LL Min(LL a, LL b){ return a < b ? a : b; }
    inline LL Max(LL a, LL b){ return a > b ? a : b; }
    inline bool is_in(int r, int c){
        return r >= 0 && r < n && c >= 0 && c < m;
    }
    double dp[maxn];
    
    void init(){
        dp[1] = 1.0;
        for(int i = 2; i <= 50000; ++i)
            dp[i] = dp[i-1] * (2*i-3.0)*(2*i-2.0)/(i-1.0)/(i-1.0) * 0.25;
    }
    
    int main(){
        init();
        int T;  cin >> T;
        while(T--){
            cin >> n;
            printf("%.4f
    ", 1.0-dp[n/2]);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dwtfukgv/p/5848126.html
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