spring boot集成了servlet容器,当我们在pom文件中增加spring-boot-starter-web的maven依赖时,不做任何web相关的配置便能提供web服务,这还得归于spring boot 自动配置的功能(因为加了EnableAutoConfiguration的注解),帮我们创建了一堆默认的配置,以前在web.xml中配置,现在都可以通过spring bean的方式进行配置,由spring来进行生命周期的管理,大多数情况下,我们需要重载这些配置(例如修改服务的启动端口,contextpath,filter,listener,servlet,session超时时间等)
1. servlet配置
当应用只有默认的servlet(即DispatcherServlet)时,映射的url为/,存在其他的servlet时,映射的路径为servlet的注册的beanname(可通过@Component注解修改),创建方式如下:
- @Component("myServlet")
- public class MyServlet implements Servlet{
- /**
- *
- * @see javax.servlet.Servlet#destroy()
- */
- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("destroy...");
- }
- /**
- * @return
- * @see javax.servlet.Servlet#getServletConfig()
- */
- @Override
- public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * @return
- * @see javax.servlet.Servlet#getServletInfo()
- */
- @Override
- public String getServletInfo() {
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * @param arg0
- * @throws ServletException
- * @see javax.servlet.Servlet#init(javax.servlet.ServletConfig)
- */
- @Override
- public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
- System.out.println("servlet init...");
- }
- /**
- * @param arg0
- * @param arg1
- * @throws ServletException
- * @throws IOException
- * @see javax.servlet.Servlet#service(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse)
- */
- @Override
- public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException,
- IOException {
- System.out.println("service...");
- }
2. filter配置
filter配置的映射是/*,创建方式如下:
- @Component("myFilter")
- public class MyFilter implements Filter{
- /**
- *
- * @see javax.servlet.Filter#destroy()
- */
- @Override
- public void destroy() {
- System.out.println("destroy...");
- }
- /**
- * @param arg0
- * @param arg1
- * @param arg2
- * @throws IOException
- * @throws ServletException
- * @see javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain)
- */
- @Override
- public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
- throws IOException,
- ServletException {
- System.out.println("doFilter...");
- arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
- }
- /**
- * @param arg0
- * @throws ServletException
- * @see javax.servlet.Filter#init(javax.servlet.FilterConfig)
- */
- @Override
- public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
- System.out.println("filter init...");
- }
- }<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; line-height: 17.3333339691162px; background-color: transparent;"> </span>
3. listener配置
- @Component("myListener")
- public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener{
- /**
- * @param arg0
- * @see javax.servlet.ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed(javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent)
- */
- @Override
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- System.out.println("contextDestroyed...");
- }
- /**
- * @param arg0
- * @see javax.servlet.ServletContextListener#contextInitialized(javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent)
- */
- @Override
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0) {
- System.out.println("listener contextInitialized...");
- }
- }
ServletRegistrationBean,FilterRegistrationBean,ServletListenerRegistrationBean这3个东西来进行配置
修改filter的映射
- @Configuration
- public class WebConfig {
- @Bean
- public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(MyFilter myFilter){
- FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
- filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(myFilter);
- filterRegistrationBean.setEnabled(true);
- filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/bb");
- return filterRegistrationBean;
- }
- }
4. 配置servlet 容器
可以通过两种方式配置servlet容器,一种是通过properties文件,例如:
- server.port=8081
- server.address=127.0.0.1
- server.sessionTimeout=30
- server.contextPath=/springboot
另一种方式是java代码的形式:
- @Component
- public class MyCustomizationBean implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer {
- /**
- * @param container
- * @see org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer#customize(org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer)
- */
- @Override
- public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
- container.setContextPath("/sprintboot");
- container.setPort(8081);
- container.setSessionTimeout(30);
- }
- }
spring boot 提供了/error映射来进行错误处理,它会返回一个json来对错误信息进行描述(包含了http状态和异常信息),例如404的错误
当然可以定制错误页面,通过实现ErrorController接口,并将它装配起来即可,如下:
- @Controller
- public class ErrorHandleController implements ErrorController {
- /**
- * @return
- * @see org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorController#getErrorPath()
- */
- @Override
- public String getErrorPath() {
- return "/screen/error";
- }
- @RequestMapping
- public String errorHandle(){
- return getErrorPath();
- }
- }
- @Component
- private class MyCustomizer implements EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer {
- @Override
- public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
- container.addErrorPages(new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "/screen/error"));
- }
- }
spring boot 会自动配置 FreeMarker,Thymeleaf,Velocity,只需要在pom中加入相应的依赖即可,例如应用Velocity
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-velocity</artifactId>
- </dependency>
7. jsp限制
如果要在spring boot中使用jsp,得将应用打包成war,这里有配置的example https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/tree/master/spring-boot-samples/spring-boot-sample-web-jsp