并发容器 concurrentHashMap--1.7 更改

1.6的解释已经很多了,昨天本来做好的文章就不忍拿出来献丑了

这篇链接就不错 http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/ConcurrentHashMap  

本文就简单叙述1.7的更改部分.

1:最明显的，采用了尝试自旋锁的机制（多核情况下尝试自旋64次(ps:put的时候，自旋会预创建)，还是不行再锁）

典型代码

private HashEntry<K,V> scanAndLockForPut(K key, int hash, V value) {
            HashEntry<K,V> first = entryForHash(this, hash);
            HashEntry<K,V> e = first;
            HashEntry<K,V> node = null;
            int retries = -1; // negative while locating node
            while (!tryLock()) {
                HashEntry<K,V> f; // to recheck first below
                if (retries < 0) {
                    if (e == null) {
                        if (node == null) // speculatively create node
                            node = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, null);
                        retries = 0;
                    }
                    else if (key.equals(e.key))
                        retries = 0;
                    else
                        e = e.next;
                }
                else if (++retries > MAX_SCAN_RETRIES) {
                    lock();
                    break;
                }
                else if ((retries & 1) == 0 &&
                         (f = entryForHash(this, hash)) != first) {
                    e = first = f; // re-traverse if entry changed
                    retries = -1;
                }
            }
            return node;
        }

2:解决了弱一致性的问题,1.6使用volatile类型的数组，改变数组元素的值是直接操作数组,在并发中存在一致性问题，到1.7变为UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile和UNSAFE.putOrderedObject

典型代码

    public V get(Object key) {
        Segment<K,V> s; // manually integrate access methods to reduce overhead
        HashEntry<K,V>[] tab;
        int h = hash(key);
        long u = (((h >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask) << SSHIFT) + SBASE;
        if ((s = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(segments, u)) != null &&
            (tab = s.table) != null) {
            for (HashEntry<K,V> e = (HashEntry<K,V>) UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile
                     (tab, ((long)(((tab.length - 1) & h)) << TSHIFT) + TBASE);
                 e != null; e = e.next) {
                K k;
                if ((k = e.key) == key || (e.hash == h && key.equals(k)))
                    return e.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

3:remove和rehash操作优化，优化思路暂时没研究，但remove方法现在不需要拷贝remove前的数据了---待补充

remove代码

 final V remove(Object key, int hash, Object value) {
            if (!tryLock())
                scanAndLock(key, hash);
            V oldValue = null;
            try {
                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
                int index = (tab.length - 1) & hash;
                HashEntry<K,V> e = entryAt(tab, index);
                HashEntry<K,V> pred = null;
                while (e != null) {
                    K k;
                    HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;
                    if ((k = e.key) == key ||
                        (e.hash == hash && key.equals(k))) {
                        V v = e.value;
                        if (value == null || value == v || value.equals(v)) {
                            if (pred == null)
                                setEntryAt(tab, index, next);
                            else
                                pred.setNext(next);
                            ++modCount;
                            --count;
                            oldValue = v;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    pred = e;
                    e = next;
                }
            } finally {
                unlock();
            }
            return oldValue;
        }

rehash代码

 private void rehash(HashEntry<K,V> node) {
            /*
             * Reclassify nodes in each list to new table.  Because we
             * are using power-of-two expansion, the elements from
             * each bin must either stay at same index, or move with a
             * power of two offset. We eliminate unnecessary node
             * creation by catching cases where old nodes can be
             * reused because their next fields won't change.
             * Statistically, at the default threshold, only about
             * one-sixth of them need cloning when a table
             * doubles. The nodes they replace will be garbage
             * collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by
             * any reader thread that may be in the midst of
             * concurrently traversing table. Entry accesses use plain
             * array indexing because they are followed by volatile
             * table write.
             */
            HashEntry<K,V>[] oldTable = table;
            int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
            int newCapacity = oldCapacity << 1;
            threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
            HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable =
                (HashEntry<K,V>[]) new HashEntry[newCapacity];
            int sizeMask = newCapacity - 1;
            for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity ; i++) {
                HashEntry<K,V> e = oldTable[i];
                if (e != null) {
                    HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;
                    int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;
                    if (next == null)   //  Single node on list
                        newTable[idx] = e;
                    else { // Reuse consecutive sequence at same slot
                        HashEntry<K,V> lastRun = e;
                        int lastIdx = idx;
                        for (HashEntry<K,V> last = next;
                             last != null;
                             last = last.next) {
                            int k = last.hash & sizeMask;
                            if (k != lastIdx) {
                                lastIdx = k;
                                lastRun = last;
                            }
                        }
                        newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun;
                        // Clone remaining nodes
                        for (HashEntry<K,V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
                            V v = p.value;
                            int h = p.hash;
                            int k = h & sizeMask;
                            HashEntry<K,V> n = newTable[k];
                            newTable[k] = new HashEntry<K,V>(h, p.key, v, n);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            int nodeIndex = node.hash & sizeMask; // add the new node
            node.setNext(newTable[nodeIndex]);
            newTable[nodeIndex] = node;
            table = newTable;
        }

4:增加了replace方法:如果key不存在，则直接返回false ，而非执行插入操作

 final boolean replace(K key, int hash, V oldValue, V newValue) {
            if (!tryLock())
                scanAndLock(key, hash);
            boolean replaced = false;
            try {
                HashEntry<K,V> e;
                for (e = entryForHash(this, hash); e != null; e = e.next) {
                    K k;
                    if ((k = e.key) == key ||
                        (e.hash == hash && key.equals(k))) {
                        if (oldValue.equals(e.value)) {
                            e.value = newValue;
                            ++modCount;
                            replaced = true;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                unlock();
            }
            return replaced;
        }