• Spring管理Filter和Servlet(在servlet中注入spring容器中的bean)


    在使用spring容器的web应用中,业务对象间的依赖关系都可以用context.xml文件来配置,并且由spring容器来负责依赖对象 的创建。如果要在servlet中使用spring容器管理业务对象,通常需要使用WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext())来获得WebApplicationContext,然后调用WebApplicationContext.getBean("beanName")来获得对象的引用,这实际上是使用了依赖查找来获得对象,并且在servlet代码中硬编码了应用对象的bean名字。为了能在servlet中感知spring中bean,可采用如下步骤来实现:
    1- 将filter或servlet作为bean定义在context.xml文件中,和要应用的bean定义放在一起;
    2- 实现一个代理servlet,该servlet用WebApplicationContext来获得在context.xml中定义的servlet的对象,并将任务委托给context.xml中定义的servlet
    3- 在web.xml中用ContextLoaderListener来初始化spring 的context,同时在代理servlet的定义中用初始化参数来定义context.xml中servlet的bean名字。
    4- 在web.xml中定义代理servlet的mapping.
    利用这种方式就将servlet和业务对象的依赖关系用spring 来进行管理,并且不用在servlet中硬编码要引用的对象名字。

    具体实例如下:

    Filter

    1.       在applicationContext.xml中定义filter

           <bean id="springFilter" class="com.netqin.filter.SpringFilter">
                  <property name="name">
                      <value>SpringFilter</value>
                  </property>
           </bean>

    说明:com.netqin.filter.SpringFilter为实现了javax.servlet.Filter接口的filter

    2.       实现filter代理

    实际上,filter代理不需要我们自己来实现,Spring提供了两种现成的filter代理

    org.springframework.security.util.FilterToBeanProxy,

    org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy,两者只是在web.xml中的配置上略有不同,下面就让我们一起看看如何在web.xml中进行配置。

    3.       配置web.xml

    初始化spring的context

    因为是使用spring来管理,所以在使用filter前先要初始化spring的context,一般来说配置如下:

    <context-param>

            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

            <param-value>

                /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml

            </param-value>

        </context-param>

        <listener>

            <listener-class>

                org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

            </listener-class>

        </listener>

     Filter配置: FilterToBeanProxy

    <filter>

            <filter-name> springFilter </filter-name>

            <filter-class>

                org.springframework.security.util.FilterToBeanProxy

            </filter-class>

            <init-param>

                <param-name>targetBean</param-name>

                <param-value>springFilter</param-value>

            </init-param>

        </filter>

    说明:需要为FilterToBeanProxy提供上下文参数,这里我们配置的是targetBean属性,它告诉spring在context中查找的bean名称,所以当请求被过滤器拦截后FilterToBeanProxy会在applicationContext.xml中会查找id为springFilter的bean.

    我们也可以配置targetClass属性,意思就是查找该类型的bean.

    <filter>

            <filter-name>springFilter</filter-name>

            <filter-class>

                org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy

            </filter-class>

        </filter>

    说明:使用DelegatingFilterProxy时不需要配置任何参数,spring会根据filter-name的名字来查找bean,所以这里spring会查找id为springFilter的bean.

     配置filter的mapping

    <filter-mapping>

            <filter-name>springFilter</filter-name>

            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

        </filter-mapping>

    OK!filter配置完成。推荐使用DelegatingFilterProxy,应为配置上更简单。

    Servlet

    Servlet的配置与Filter的配置十分相似

    1.       在applicationContext.xml中定义servlet

        <bean id="springServlet" class="com.netqin.servlet.SpringServlet">

                  <property name="name">

                      <value>SpringServlet</value>

                  </property>

           </bean>

    说明:com.netqin.servlet.SpringServlet继承自

    javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

    2.       实现servlet代理

    与filter不同,spring没有为servlet提供代理实现,需要我们自己来创建,不过放心,创建一个servlet代理十分简单,一个具体的实现如下:

    import java.io.IOException;

    import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;

    import javax.servlet.Servlet;

    import javax.servlet.ServletException;

    import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;

    import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

    import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;

     

    public class ServletToBeanProxy extends GenericServlet {

        private String targetBean;

        private Servlet proxy;

        public void init() throws ServletException {

            this.targetBean = getInitParameter("targetBean");

            getServletBean();

            proxy.init(getServletConfig());

        }

        public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)

                throws ServletException, IOException {

            proxy.service(req, res);

        }

        private void getServletBean() {

            WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils

                    .getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());

            this.proxy = (Servlet) wac.getBean(targetBean);

        }

    }

    说明:相信看了代码就明白了,它利用targetBean属性在spring中查找相应的servlet,

    这很像FilterToBeanProxy的方式,所以我为其取名为ServletToBeanProxy。当然,我们也可以使用类似于DelegatingFilterProxy的方式,只需要将上述代码中标记为黄色的部分修改为this.targetBean=this.getServletName();即可,我们相应的命名为DelegatingServletProxy。

    3.       配置web.xml

    初始化spring的context

    与filter中的说明一致,不再赘述。

    Servlet配置:

    ServletToBeanProxy

    <servlet>

            <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>

            <servlet-class>

                com.netqin.servlet.proxy.ServletToBeanProxy

            </servlet-class>

            <init-param>

                <param-name>targetBean</param-name>

                <param-value>springServlet</param-value>

            </init-param>

            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

        </servlet>

     

    <servlet>

            <servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>

            <servlet-class>

                com.netqin.servlet.proxy.DelegatingServletProxy

            </servlet-class>

            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

        </servlet>

    4.       配置servlet的mapping

    <filter-mapping>

            <filter-name>springServlet</filter-name>

            <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>

        </filter-mapping>

    OK!servlet的配置完成。推荐使用DelegatingServletProxy,应为配置上更简单。

    例子代码如下:
    (1)代理servlet:
    =======================================================================
    ackage che
    import java.io.IOExceptio
    import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;import javax.servlet.Servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtil
    ublic class ServletToBeanProxy extends GenericServlet {  private String targetBea
    rivate Servlet proxy;   public void init() throws ServletException {  System.out.println("proxy init");    this.targetBean = getInitParameter("targetBean");    getServletBean();    proxy.init(getServletConfig()); }
    ublic void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)   throws ServletException, IOException {    proxy.service(req, res)
    rivate void getServletBean() {    WebApplicationContext wac =   WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());  this.proxy = (Servlet)wac.getBean(targetBean);   }  }
    =================================================================================
    (2)web.xml中配置
    <context-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLoaction</param-name>  <param-value>/WEB-INF/context.xml</param-value> </context-param>  <listener>  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet>  <servlet-name>ProxyBean</servlet-name>  <servlet-class>chen.ServletToBeanProxy</servlet-class>  <init-param>   <param-name>targetBean</param-name>   <param-value>servletBean</param-value>  </init-param> </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>  <servlet-name>ProxyBean</servlet-name>  <url-pattern>/ProxyBean</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
    (3) 完成实际任务的servlet定义,该servlet会引用另一个Book的对象
    ======================= ServletBean.java=======================
    ackage che
    import java.io.IOExceptio
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse
    /** * Servlet implementation class for Servlet: ServletBean * */ public class ServletBean extends javax.servlet.GenericServlet implements javax.servlet.Servlet {
    rivate Book book;      public ServletBean() {  super(); }      public void init() throws ServletException {   super.init();   }
    ublic void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {  book.showInfo();   }
    ublic Book getBook() {  return book; }
    ublic void setBook(Book book) {  this.book = book; }   }
    ================================Book.java==============================
    ackage che
    ublic class Book { private String isbn; private String name;    public String getIsbn() {  return isbn; } public void setIsbn(String isbn) {  this.isbn = isbn; } public String getName() {  return name; } public void setName(String name) {  this.name = name; }   public void showInfo() {  System.out.println("book info..."); }  }
    (4) context.xml配置
    <beans> <bean id="book" class="chen.Book"/> <bean id="servletBean" class="chen.ServletBean">  <property name="book">   <ref bean="book"/>  </property> </bean></beans>
    注意,在web.xml中并不出现ServletBean的说明,取而代之的是ServletToBeanProxy的说明,并用初始化参数targetBean来定义要代理的Servlet在context.xml中的名字。
    当在浏览器中输入http://localhost/webcontext/ProxyBean时 ,spring将会创建ServletBean一个实例,其引用的Book实例也会被创建。
    对Filter,springframework1.2以后自带了org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy 来实现Filter和业务对象之间的代理,不需要自行开发了。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/duanxz/p/3772979.html
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