Tomcat简介、安装部署、上线网站

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本章资源：点击这里 提取码：upbf
tomcat官网：https://tomcat.apache.org/
jpress博客系统安装包下载地址（不是官网）：https://gitee.com/fuhai/jpress/blob/alpha/wars/jpress-web-newest.war

1、Tomcat简介

• Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成;
• Tomcat 属于轻量级应用服务器；其技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器;Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Nginx/Apache服务器.
• 另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。
• Tomcat是开发和调试JSP程序的首选.

2、Tomcat安装

第一步：下载并上传Tomcat安装包

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  rz            

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.20.zip 
╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  mv apache-tomcat-9.0.20 /usr/local/tomcat    #移动并改名
╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  chmod -R a+x /usr/local/tomcat 

第二步：下载Java环境

注意：选择yum安装tomcat需要jdk，就不用再手动配置环境变量

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  yum install java -y

第三步：启动Tomcat

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin 
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/bin  
╰─➤  bash startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/bin  
╰─➤  ss -ntl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                         Local Address:Port                                        Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                                        *:22                                                     *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                                127.0.0.1:25                                                     *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                                       :::8080                                                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                                       :::22                                                    :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                                      ::1:25                                                    :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                                       :::8009                                                  :::*           

第四步：浏览器访问

3、Tomcat目录讲解

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/bin  
╰─➤  cd /usr/local/tomcat 
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat  
╰─➤  tree -L 1       
.
├── bin         #用以启动、关闭Tomcat或者其它功能的脚本（.bat文件和.sh文件）
├── BUILDING.txt      
├── conf        #用以配置Tomcat的XML及DTD文件
├── CONTRIBUTING.md
├── lib            #存放web应用能访问的JAR包
├── LICENSE
├── logs         #Catalina和其它Web应用程序的日志文件
├── NOTICE
├── README.md
├── RELEASE-NOTES
├── RUNNING.txt
├── temp      #临时文件
├── webapps    #Web应用程序根目录
└── work         #用以产生有JSP编译出的Servlet的.java和.class文件

7 directories, 7 files      
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat  
╰─➤  cd webapps 
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps  
╰─➤  ll
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4.0K May  3 23:27 docs               #tomcat帮助文档
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root   83 May  3 23:27 examples         #web应用实例
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   87 May  3 23:27 host-manager   #管理
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root  103 May  3 23:27 manager          #管理
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  283 May  3 23:27 ROOT              #默认网站根目录

4、Tomcat主配置文件server.xml讲解

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat  
╰─➤  cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/conf  
╰─➤  vim server.xml 

...
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
#8005： 接收shutdown指令


 <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
#8080： 监听的端口

 <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
#8009： AJP协议
...

4、tomcat同机多服务部署（三台）

第一步：复制两份tomcat文件

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  cd /usr/local/         
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src  tomcat
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  cp -a tomcat tomcat1
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  cp -a tomcat tomcat2
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src  tomcat  tomcat1  tomcat2

第二步：修改配置文件

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  vim tomcat1/conf/server.xml    #tomcat1

...
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">    #8005-->8006
...
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"    #8080-->8081
...
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  vim tomcat2/conf/server.xml  #tomcat2

...
<Server port="8007" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  #8005-->8007
...
<Connector port="8082" protocol="HTTP/1.1"  #8080-->8082
...

第三步：分别启动三个tomcat服务

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  tomcat/bin/startup.sh   #tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  tomcat1/bin/startup.sh    #tomcat1
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat1
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat1/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  tomcat2/bin/startup.sh   #tomcat2
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat2
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat2/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

第四步：查看端口

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  ss -ntl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q              Local Address:Port                             Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                             *:111                                         *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                             *:22                                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100                     127.0.0.1:25                                          *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                            :::111                                        :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                            :::8080                                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                            :::8081                                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                            :::8082                                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                            :::22                                         :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                           ::1:25                                         :::*                  
LISTEN     0      1                ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005                                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      1                ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8006                                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      1                ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8007                                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                            :::8009                                       :::* 

第五步：为每个tomcat服务写首页文件

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  echo "hello tomcat" >> tomcat/webapps/ROOT/index.html
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  echo "hi tomcat1" >> tomcat1/webapps/ROOT/index.html
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local  
╰─➤  echo "morning tomcat2" >> tomcat2/webapps/ROOT/index.html

第五步：浏览器访问

tomcat：

tomcat1：

tomcat2：

5、tomcat集群部署

nginx服务器：192.168.80.4
tomcat服务器：192.168.80.3

第一步：部署tomcat后端节点

• 参考：4、tomcat同机多服务部署（三台）

第二步：编辑nginx配置文件

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  yum install nginx -y
╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

...
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
        upstream du {
        server 192.168.80.3:8080 weight=3 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.80.3:8081 weight=5 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        server 192.168.80.3:8082 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2;
        }
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        listen       [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        location / {
        proxy_pass http://du;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
...

第三步：检测nginx配置并启动

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  nginx -t                 
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  systemctl restart nginx 

第四步：浏览器访问

6、tomcat上线jpress博客系统

第一步：下载jpress

• 本章章首有资源池

第二步：上传软件包并解压

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~
╰─➤  cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  rm -rf ./*
zsh: sure you want to delete all the files in /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/. [yn]? y
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  rz

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  unzip fuhai-jpress-alpha.zip 

第三步：解压相关文件

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  cp jpress/wars/jpress-web-newest.war .
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  unzip jpress-web-newest.war 
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  ls
fuhai-jpress-alpha.zip  jpress  jpress-web-newest.war  META-INF  robots.txt  static  templates  WEB-INF

第四步：下载数据库并使用

╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  yum install mariadb-server -y
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT  
╰─➤  systemctl restart mariadb
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT
╰─➤  mysql -uroot                                                            
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database du;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to du@'localhost' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

第五步、重启tomcat

╭─root@localhost.localdomain ~  
╰─➤  cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin 
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/bin  
╰─➤  ./shutdown.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
╭─root@localhost.localdomain /usr/local/tomcat/bin  
╰─➤  ./startup.sh 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.

第六步：浏览器访问