一 基础环境
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主机名
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系统版本
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MySQL版本
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主机IP
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Master01
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CentOS 6.8
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MySQL 5.6
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172.24.8.10
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Master02
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CentOS 6.8
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MySQL 5.6
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172.24.8.11
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VIP
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172.24.8.12
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||
二 实际部署
2.1 安装MySQL
1 [root@Master01 ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql #查看是否存在其他MySQL组件 2 [root@Master01 ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs.x86_64 #为避免冲突引发报错，卸载已存在的组件
1 [root@Master01 study]# yum localinstall mysql-commu* -y 2 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld #查看MySQL是否加入启动项 3 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
2.2 初始化MySQL
1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld start 2 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql_secure_installation 3 [root@Master01 ~]# service iptables stop 4 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off 5 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux 6 SELINUX=disabled
注意：以上操作在Master02主机上也需要执行。
安装参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/007sx/p/7083143.html
2.3 master01 my.cf配置
1 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 2 [mysqld] 3 …… 4 server-id=1 #设置主服务器master的id 5 log-bin=mysql-bin #配置二进制变更日志命名格式 6 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% 7 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% 8 replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
注意：
master开启二进制日志后默认记录所有库所有表的操作，可以通过配置来指定只记录指定的数据库甚至指定的表的操作，具体在mysql配置文件的[mysqld]可添加修改如下选项：
方法一：
1 # 不同步哪些数据库 2 binlog-ignore-db = mysql 3 binlog-ignore-db = test 4 binlog-ignore-db = information_schema 5 # 只同步哪些数据库，除此之外，其他不同步 6 binlog-do-db = mysqltest
方法二：
建议采用以下方式配置过滤：
1 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #从库配置不同步表 2 replicate-wild-do-table=test.% #从库配置需要同步的表
提示：不要在主库使用binlog-ignore-db和binlog-do-db，也不要在从库使用replicate-wild-ignore和replicate-wild-do-table。
2.4 创建账号
1 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'172.24.8.11' identified by 'x12345678'; 4 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'172.24.8.%' identified by 'x120952576' with grant option; 5 mysql> flush privileges; 6 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld restart 7 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 8 Enter password: 9 mysql> show master status;
master01：
file：mysql-bin.000001
position：120
2.5 smaster02 my.cf配置配置
1 [root@Master02 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 2 [mysqld] 3 server-id=2 #设置主服务器master的id 4 log-bin=mysql-bin #配置二进制变更日志命名格式 5 replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% 6 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% 7 replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% 8 read_only=1
2.6 创建账号
1 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'172.24.8.10' identified by 'x12345678'; 4 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'172.24.8.%' identified by 'x120952576' with grant option; 5 mysql> flush privileges; 6 [root@Master02 ~]# service mysqld restart 7 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 8 Enter password: 9 mysql> show master status;
master02：
file：mysql-bin.000001
position：120
三 启动主从
3.1 手动同步
如果Master01和Master02已经存在数据，则在开启主备复制之前，需要将Master01和Master02手动同步一次（/var/lib/mysql整个目录打包tar.gz），具体方法略。
注意：本实验都是重新安装的MySQL，可直接启动同步。
3.2 启动Master01的slave功能
1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld restart 2 [root@Master01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 3 Enter password: 4 mysql> change master to master_host='172.24.8.11', 5 master_user='repl_user', 6 master_password='x12345678', 7 master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', 8 master_port=3306, 9 master_log_pos=120; 10 mysql> start slave; 11 mysql> show slave statusG #查看slave状态
3.3 启动Master02的slave功能
1 [root@Master02 ~]# service mysqld restart 2 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 3 Enter password: 4 mysql> change master to master_host='172.24.8.10', 5 master_user='repl_user', 6 master_password='x12345678', 7 master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', 8 master_log_pos=120; 9 mysql> start slave; 10 mysql> show slave statusG #查看slave状态
提示：
slave的I/O和SQL线程都已经开始运行，而且Seconds_Behind_Master不再是NULL。日志的位置增加了，意味着一些事件被获取并执行了。如果你在master上进行修改，你可以在slave上看到各种日志文件的位置的变化，同样，你也可以看到数据库中数据的变化。
四 安装Keepalived
4.1 下载
1 [root@Master01 ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz 2 [root@Master01 ~]# tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.6.tar.gz -C /tmp/ 3 [root@Master01 ~]# cd /tmp/keepalived-1.3.6 4 [root@Master01 keepalived-1.3.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived/ --sysconf=/etc --with-init=SYSV 5 #注：(upstart|systemd|SYSV|SUSE|openrc) #根据你的系统选择对应的启动方式 6 [root@Master01 keepalived-1.3.6]# make && make install 7 [root@Master01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin 8 [root@Master01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/keepalived 9 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --add keepalived 10 [root@Master01 ~]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
注意：Master02上也需要如上操作。
若出现以下提示，需要执行：yum -y install openssl-devel。
提示：也可采用yum install -y keepalived安装（个人不建议）。
4.2 Master01配置Keepalived
默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件。
1 [root@Master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
2 ! Configuration File for keepalived
3 global_defs {
4 notification_email {
5 x120952576@126.com
6 #表示keepalived在发生诸如切换操作时发送Email给哪些地址，邮件地址可以多个，每行一个。
7 }
8 notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
9 smtp_server 172.24.8.10
10 smtp_connect_timeout 30
11 router_id LVS_DEVEL
12 }
13 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
14 state BACKUP
15 interface eth0
16 virtual_router_id 51
17 #这里设置VRID，这里非常重要，相同的VRID为一个组，他将决定多播的MAC地址
18 priority 100
19 advert_int 1
20 nopreempt
21 #不抢占，只在优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器不设置
22 authentication {
23 auth_type PASS
24 auth_pass 1111
25 }
26 track_script {
27 check_mysqld #执行定义的监控脚本
28 }
29 virtual_ipaddress {
30 172.24.8.12
31 }
32 }
33 vrrp_script check_mysqld {
34 script"/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh "
35 interval 2
36 }
4.3 创建检测脚本
1 [root@Master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/
2 [root@Master01 ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
3 #!/bin/bash
4 MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql
5 MYSQL_HOST=localhost
6 MYSQL_USER=root
7 MYSQL_PASSWORD=x120952576
8 CHECK_TIME=3
9 #mysql is workingMYSQL_OK is 1 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 0
10 MYSQL_OK=1
11 function check_mysql_helth (){
12 $MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1
13 if [ $? = 0 ] ;then
14 MYSQL_OK=1
15 else
16 MYSQL_OK=0
17 fi
18 return $MYSQL_OK
19 }
20 while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]
21 do
22 let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"
23 check_mysql_helth
24 if [ $MYSQL_OK = 1 ] ; then
25 CHECK_TIME=0
26 exit 0
27 fi
28 if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0 ]
29 then
30 /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
31 exit 1
32 fi
33 sleep 1
34 done
35 [root@Master01 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
36 [root@Master01 ~]# service keepalived start
4.4 Master02配置Keepalived
1 [root@Master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root@127.24.8.11:/etc/keepalived/
参考Master01配置，去掉nopreempt选项，priority设置比Master01低即可。
4.5 创建检测脚本
1 [root@Master02 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/ 2 [root@Master01 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh root@172.24.8.11:/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/ 3 [root@Master02 ~]# chmod u+x /etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/keepalived_check_mysql.sh 4 [root@Master02 ~]# service keepalived start
五 功能测试
5.1 测试vip
1 [root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -h172.24.8.12 -p
1 mysql> show variables like "%hostname%"; 2 mysql> show variables like "%server_id%";
5.2 同步测试
1 [root@test ~]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 mysql> create database mysqltest; 4 mysql> use mysqltest; 5 mysql> create table user(id int(5),name char(10)); 6 mysql> insert into user values (00001,'zhangsan'); 7 在Slave从服务器上进行验证： 8 [root@Master02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p 9 Enter password: 10 mysql> show databases; 11 mysql> select * from mysqltest.user;
5.3 测试Keepalived切换
1 [root@Master01 ~]# service mysqld stop #停止Master01的MySQL 2 [root@Master01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages #观察Master01的日志
1 [root@Master02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages #观察Master02的日志
1 [root@Client ~]# mysql -uroot -h172.24.8.12 -px120952576 #客户端连接VIP
注意：已经成功切换，在切换过程中可能中断几秒。