1. 代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Thu Jan 30 01:27:38 2020 @author: douzi """ import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import bs4 def getHTMLText(url): try: headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.88 Safari/537.36"} r = requests.get(url, timeout=30, headers=headers) r.raise_for_status() # 产生异常信息 r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding # 修改编码 return r.text # 返回网页信息 except: return "" # 提取html信息中关键的数据,并提取到列表中 def fillUnivList(ulist, html): soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser") # 所有大学信息被封装在表格中,这个表格标签叫tbody # 在tbody中,每个大学信息又被封装在tr中,每个tr标签,包含所有当前大学的所有信息 # 每个tr中信息,又被td所包围 # 1. 遍历tbody,tr即每个大学的信息 for tr in soup.find('tbody').children: # 过滤非标签类型的其他数据 if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag): tds = tr('td') # 查询tr中的 td ulist.append([tds[0].string, tds[1].string, tds[3].string]) def printUnivList(ulist, num): print("{:^10} {:^6} {:^10}".format("排名", "学校名称", "总分")) for i in range(num): u = ulist[i] print("{:^10} {:^6} {:^10}".format(u[0], u[1], u[2])) def main(): # 大学信息放到列表中 uinfo = [] # 大学排名的url url = "http://www.zuihaodaxue.com/zuihaodaxuepaiming2016.html" # 将url转换成html html = getHTMLText(url) fillUnivList(uinfo, html) printUnivList(uinfo, 20) # 20 univs if __name__ == '__main__': main()
2. 实例优化
(1)问题1:中文对齐不好 (因为中英文混合输出)
def printUnivList(ulist, num): tplt = "{0:^10} {1:{3}^10} {2:^10}" print(tplt.format("排名", "学校名称", "总分", chr(12288))) for i in range(num): u = ulist[i] print(tplt.format(u[0], u[1], u[2], chr(12288)))