• Servlet过滤器基础及使用场景


    Servlet过滤器详解

      一、过滤器基础

      1.Servlet过滤器是Servlet的一种特殊用法,主要用来完成一些通用的操作。比如编码的过滤,判断用户的登陆状态等等。Servlet过滤器的适用场合: 

        A.认证过滤
        B.登录和审核过滤
        C.图像转换过滤
        D.数据压缩过滤
        E.加密过滤
        F.令牌过滤
        G.资源访问触发事件过滤
      2.Servlet过滤器接口的构成:
      所有的Servlet过滤器类都必须实现javax.servlet.Filter接口。这个接口含有3个过滤器类必须实现的方法:
      方法 说明
      init(FilterConfig cfg) 这是Servlet过滤器的初始化方法,性质等同与servlet的init方法。
      doFilter(ServletRequest,ServletResponse,FilterChain) 完成实际的过滤操作,当请求访问过滤器关联的URL时,Servlet容器将先调用过滤器的doFilter方法。FilterChain参数用于访问后续过滤器
      destroy() Servlet容器在销毁过滤器实例前调用该方法,这个方法中可以释放Servlet过滤器占用的资源。,性质等同与servlet的destory()方法。
      3.Servlet过滤器的创建步骤:
        A.实现javax.servlet.Filter接口的servlet类
        B.实现init方法,读取过滤器的初始化函数
        C.实现doFilter方法,完成对请求或过滤的响应
        D.调用FilterChain接口对象的doFilter方法,向后续的过滤器传递请求或响应
        F.在web.xml中配置Filter
      二、使用过滤器处理中文问题
      当用用户登陆页面输入帐号时,如果输入是中文,后台servlet再次输出这个内容时,可能就会是乱码,这是因为serlvet中默认是以ISO-8859-1格式编码的,如果后台有多个Servlet,多个参数,这样就不合适,这个问题,我们可以通过一个过滤器统一解决,使后台的输出输出都支持中文!将ISO-8859-1转码为GBK的那段代码!
      三、使用过滤器认证用户
      每个过滤器也可以配置初始化参数,可以将不需要过滤的地址配置到这个Filter的配置参数中,过滤时,如果请求地址在配置参数中,则放行,这样 就避免了在程序中硬编码。每个Filter中初始化时,都可以得到配置对象,在Filter中配置二个不需要过滤的地址,一个是登陆页面,一个是执行登陆 认证的servlet;
      四、Servlet监听器
      类似与Swing界面应用开发,Servlet也可以创建监听器,以对Servlet容器,或Servlet中以象的事件做出反应。Servlet监听器主要有以下几种:
        ServletRequestListener ,ServletRequestAttributeListener,
        HttpSessionActivationListener ,HttpSessionBindingListener ,
        HttpSessionAttributeListener,HttpSessionListener,
        ServletContextListener等等。
      这些监听器主要用来监听session,request,application这三个对象里存取数据的变化。

       五、五个有用的过滤器

      1、使浏览器不缓存页面的过滤器    

    import javax.servlet.*;    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;    
    import java.io.IOException;    
       
    /** 
    * 用于的使 Browser 不缓存页面的过滤器 
    */   
    public class ForceNoCacheFilter implements Filter {    
       
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException    
    {    
        ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");    
        ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");    
        ((HttpServletResponse) response).setDateHeader ("Expires", -1);    
        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);    
    }    
       
    public void destroy()    
    {    
    }    
       
         public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException    
    {    
    }    
    }   
    

      2、检测用户是否登陆的过滤器   

    import javax.servlet.*;    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;    
    import java.util.List;    
    import java.util.ArrayList;    
    import java.util.StringTokenizer;    
    import java.io.IOException;    
       
    /** 
    * 用于检测用户是否登陆的过滤器,如果未登录,则重定向到指的登录页面 
    
    
    * 配置参数 
    
    
    * checkSessionKey 需检查的在 Session 中保存的关键字 
    
    * redirectURL 如果用户未登录,则重定向到指定的页面,URL不包括 ContextPath 
    
    * notCheckURLList 不做检查的URL列表,以分号分开,并且 URL 中不包括 ContextPath 
    
    */   
    public class CheckLoginFilter    
    implements Filter    
    {    
         protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;    
         private String redirectURL = null;    
         private List notCheckURLList = new ArrayList();    
         private String sessionKey = null;    
       
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException    
    {    
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;    
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;    
       
         HttpSession session = request.getSession();    
       if(sessionKey == null)    
        {    
         filterChain.doFilter(request, response);    
        return;    
        }    
       if((!checkRequestURIIntNotFilterList(request)) && session.getAttribute(sessionKey) == null)    
        {    
         response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + redirectURL);    
        return;    
        }    
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);    
    }    
       
    public void destroy()    
    {    
        notCheckURLList.clear();    
    }    
       
    private boolean checkRequestURIIntNotFilterList(HttpServletRequest request)    
    {    
        String uri = request.getServletPath() + (request.getPathInfo() == null ? "" : request.getPathInfo());    
       return notCheckURLList.contains(uri);    
    }    
       
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException    
    {    
       this.filterConfig = filterConfig;    
        redirectURL = filterConfig.getInitParameter("redirectURL");    
        sessionKey = filterConfig.getInitParameter("checkSessionKey");    
       
        String notCheckURLListStr = filterConfig.getInitParameter("notCheckURLList");    
       
       if(notCheckURLListStr != null)    
        {    
         StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(notCheckURLListStr, ";");    
         notCheckURLList.clear();    
        while(st.hasMoreTokens())    
         {    
          notCheckURLList.add(st.nextToken());    
         }    
        }    
    }    
    }  
    

      3、字符编码的过滤器 

     1 import javax.servlet.*;    
     2 import java.io.IOException;    
     3    
     4 /** 
     5 * 用于设置 HTTP 请求字符编码的过滤器,通过过滤器参数encoding指明使用何种字符编码,用于处理Html Form请求参数的中文问题 
     6 */   
     7 public class CharacterEncodingFilter    
     8 implements Filter    
     9 {    
    10 protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;    
    11 protected String encoding = "";    
    12    
    13 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException    
    14 {    
    15          if(encoding != null)    
    16            servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);    
    17           filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);    
    18 }    
    19    
    20 public void destroy()    
    21 {    
    22     filterConfig = null;    
    23     encoding = null;    
    24 }    
    25    
    26      public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException    
    27 {    
    28           this.filterConfig = filterConfig;    
    29          this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");    
    30    
    31 }    
    32 }  

      4、资源保护过滤器   

     1 import javax.servlet.Filter;    
     2 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;    
     3 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;    
     4 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;    
     5 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;    
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;    
     7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
     8 import java.io.IOException;    
     9 import java.util.Iterator;    
    10 import java.util.Set;    
    11 import java.util.HashSet;    
    12 //    
    13 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;    
    14 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;    
    15    
    16 /** 
    17 * This Filter class handle the security of the application. 
    18 * 
    19 * It should be configured inside the web.xml. 
    20 * 
    21 * @author Derek Y. Shen 
    22 */   
    23 public class SecurityFilter implements Filter {    
    24 //the login page uri    
    25 private static final String LOGIN_PAGE_URI = "login.jsf";    
    26    
    27 //the logger object    
    28 private Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());    
    29    
    30 //a set of restricted resources    
    31 private Set restrictedResources;    
    32    
    33 /** 
    34    * Initializes the Filter. 
    35    */   
    36 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {    
    37   this.restrictedResources = new HashSet();    
    38   this.restrictedResources.add("/createProduct.jsf");    
    39   this.restrictedResources.add("/editProduct.jsf");    
    40   this.restrictedResources.add("/productList.jsf");    
    41 }    
    42    
    43 /** 
    44    * Standard doFilter object. 
    45    */   
    46 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)    
    47    throws IOException, ServletException {    
    48   this.logger.debug("doFilter");    
    49       
    50    String contextPath = ((HttpServletRequest)req).getContextPath();    
    51    String requestUri = ((HttpServletRequest)req).getRequestURI();    
    52       
    53   this.logger.debug("contextPath = " + contextPath);    
    54   this.logger.debug("requestUri = " + requestUri);    
    55       
    56   if (this.contains(requestUri, contextPath) && !this.authorize((HttpServletRequest)req)) {    
    57    this.logger.debug("authorization failed");    
    58     ((HttpServletRequest)req).getRequestDispatcher(LOGIN_PAGE_URI).forward(req, res);    
    59    }    
    60   else {    
    61    this.logger.debug("authorization succeeded");    
    62     chain.doFilter(req, res);    
    63    }    
    64 }    
    65    
    66 public void destroy() {}    
    67    
    68 private boolean contains(String value, String contextPath) {    
    69    Iterator ite = this.restrictedResources.iterator();    
    70       
    71   while (ite.hasNext()) {    
    72     String restrictedResource = (String)ite.next();    
    73        
    74    if ((contextPath + restrictedResource).equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {    
    75     return true;    
    76     }    
    77    }    
    78       
    79   return false;    
    80 }    
    81    
    82 private boolean authorize(HttpServletRequest req) {    
    83    
    84               //处理用户登录    
    85        /* UserBean user = (UserBean)req.getSession().getAttribute(BeanNames.USER_BEAN); 
    86    
    87    if (user != null && user.getLoggedIn()) { 
    88     //user logged in 
    89     return true; 
    90    } 
    91    else { 
    92     return false; 
    93    }*/   
    94 }    
    95 }   

      5、利用Filter限制用户浏览权限  

       

    import java.io.IOException;    
    
       
    import javax.servlet.Filter;    
    import javax.servlet.FilterChain;    
    import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;    
    import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;    
    import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
       
    public class RightFilter implements Filter {    
       
        public void destroy() {    
                
         }    
       
        public void doFilter(ServletRequest sreq, ServletResponse sres, FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {    
            // 获取uri地址    
             HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest)sreq;    
             String uri = request.getRequestURI();    
             String ctx=request.getContextPath();    
             uri = uri.substring(ctx.length());    
            //判断admin级别网页的浏览权限    
            if(uri.startsWith("/admin")) {    
                if(request.getSession().getAttribute("admin")==null) {    
                     request.setAttribute("message","您没有这个权限");    
                     request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(sreq,sres);    
                    return;    
                 }    
             }    
            //判断manage级别网页的浏览权限    
            if(uri.startsWith("/manage")) {    
                //这里省去    
                 }    
             }    
            //下面还可以添加其他的用户权限,省去。    
       
         }    
       
        public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {    
                
         }    
       
    } 
    <!-- 判断页面的访问权限 -->   
      <filter>   
         <filter-name>RightFilter</filter-name>   
          <filter-class>cn.itkui.filter.RightFilter</filter-class>   
      </filter>   
      <filter-mapping>   
          <filter-name>RightFilter</filter-name>   
          <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>   
      </filter-mapping>   
      <filter-mapping>   
          <filter-name>RightFilter</filter-name>   
          <url-pattern>/manage/*</url-pattern>   
      </filter-mapping>   

      ps:过滤器在web.xml中的配置

    <filter>   
    
            <filter-name>EncodingAndCacheflush</filter-name>   
            <filter-class>EncodingAndCacheflush</filter-class>   
            <init-param>   
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>   
                <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>   
            </init-param>   
        </filter>   
        <filter-mapping>   
            <filter-name>EncodingAndCacheflush</filter-name>   
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>   
        </filter-mapping>   

    六、使用filter生效的注意事项

      要传递参数的时候最好使用form进行传参,如果使用链接的话当中文字符的时候过滤器转码是不会起作用的,还有就是页面上

    form的method也要设置为post,不然过滤器也起不了作用。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/doudou-taste/p/9102533.html
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