LAMP搭建示例

lamp介绍

其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。

• Linux，操作系统
• Apache，网页服务器
• MariaDB或MySQL，数据库管理系统（或者数据库服务器）
• PHP、Perl或Python，脚本语言

web服务器工作流程

web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源

• 静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源

• 动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端

工作过程：当客户端请求是静态资源时，web服务器会直接把静态资源返回个客户端。

　　　　：动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端。

cgi与fastcgi  

     CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。

      FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时

---

lamp平台搭建

环境说明：

系统平台	IP	需要安装的服务
centos8 redhat8	192.168.248.131	httpd-2.4 mysql-5.7 php php-mysql

lamp平台软件安装次序： httpd --> mysql --> php

yum源：

 curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
 
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
 
yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm

 sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

sed -i 's/$releasever/8/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

sed -i 's/$releasever/8/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

安装httpd


#安装开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'

#创建apache用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache

#安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make

#下载和安装apache，apr和apr-util
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.46.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0        apr-util-1.6.1    httpd-2.4.46 

[root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
    cfgfile="${ofile}T"
    trap "$RM "$cfgfile"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    # $RM "$cfgfile"        //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr
....................................................配置过程
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install
...................................编译安装过程

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# cd  /root/apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
....................................配置过程
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
.........................................编译安装过程

#apache安装
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /root/httpd-2.4.46
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache 
> --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 
> --enable-so 
> --enable-ssl 
> --enable-cgi 
> --enable-rewrite 
> --with-zlib 
> --with-pcre 
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ 
> --enable-modules=most 
> --enable-mpms-shared=all 
> --with-mpm=prefork
....................................配置过程
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.46]# make && make install
............................编译安装过程
#安装后配置
[root@localhost ~]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man     //添加此行
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80  //取消前面的注释

#启动apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*

安装MySQL

#安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs

#创建用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

#下载二进制格式mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

#解压软件
[root@localhost ~]# tar  -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /usr/local/mysql
'/usr/local/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'

[root@localhost local]#cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*

#添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/myslq.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/myslq.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/  /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man  #添加man文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib

[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig 






#创建数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir  /mydata
[root@localhost local]# chown  -R mysql.mysql  /mydata/

#初始化数据库
[root@localhost local]# mysqld  --initialize  --user=mysql   --datadir=/mydata
2021-01-01T07:38:58.366227Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-01-01T07:38:58.551752Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-01-01T07:38:58.582971Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-01-01T07:38:58.593654Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 68c0296b-4c04-11eb-a48e-000c2928a994.
2021-01-01T07:38:58.594268Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-01-01T07:38:59.115003Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-01-01T07:38:59.228479Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Jcselu.3md<w

#修改my.cnf配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /mydata/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF

#配置服务启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@localhost support-files]# ls
magic  mysqld_multi.server  mysql-log-rotate  mysql.server
[root@localhost support-files]# cp mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. 

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/mydata

#启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*  

#使用临时密码登录修改密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Jcselu.3md<w'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

yum安装PHP

#安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd

[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install php-*
[root@localhost ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Oct 22 2019 08:28:36) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
;listen = /run/php-fpm/www.sock #注释此行
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000  #添加监听端口

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                        127.0.0.1:9000                      0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                                *:80                              *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22

配置apache

启用代理模块

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so                  //取消注释
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so      //取消注释
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so

创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/index.php
<?php
        phpinfo();
?>

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
#在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test"
        ServerName  www.testhhhh.com
        ProxyRequests   Off
        ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/$1
        <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test">
                Options none
                AllowOverride none
                Require all granted
        </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php      #添加此行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps   #添加此行
.......................................................
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php  index.html   #添加index.php

[root@localhost ~]# apachectl restart

验证