MySQL多实例部署

多实例介绍

  简单的说，就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口（如:3306,3307），运行多个MySQL服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口提供各自的服务

  这些mysql多实例公用一套MySQL安装程序，使用不同的my.cnf配置文件，启动程序，数据文件，在提供服务时，多实例在逻辑上看上去是各自独立的，多实例根据配置文件的设定值来取得相关的文件资源。

多实例配置

这里采用的二进制包安装mysql

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -r -M -s /sbin/nolog mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ls
mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql  mysql/
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH'>/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# source  /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install perl

创建各实例数据存放的目录

[root@localhost local]# mkdir -p /opt/data/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@localhost local]# chown  -R mysql.mysql  /opt/data/
[root@localhost local]# ls /opt/data/
3306  3307  3308

初始化各个实例

[root@localhost local]# mysqld --initialize  --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3306
2020-12-31T14:16:38.720321Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-12-31T14:16:39.095381Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-12-31T14:16:39.276899Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-12-31T14:16:39.416975Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cc7f1bf0-4b72-11eb-9039-000c2928a994.
2020-12-31T14:16:39.420081Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-12-31T14:16:44.864375Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-12-31T14:16:45.552161Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fh45Hi,F60(8
[root@localhost local]# echo 'fh45Hi,F60(8' > /root/3306

[root@localhost local]# mysqld --initialize  --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3307
2020-12-31T14:17:27.942075Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-12-31T14:17:28.358493Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-12-31T14:17:28.429775Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-12-31T14:17:28.495154Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e9bfd855-4b72-11eb-9275-000c2928a994.
2020-12-31T14:17:28.498033Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-12-31T14:17:33.192967Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-12-31T14:17:34.169651Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ESbrhuW%*4am
[root@localhost local]# echo 'ESbrhuW%*4am' >/root/3307

[root@localhost local]# mysqld --initialize  --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3308
2020-12-31T14:17:56.635595Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-12-31T14:17:56.999889Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-12-31T14:17:57.070358Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-12-31T14:17:57.134853Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: fad1e2d7-4b72-11eb-9437-000c2928a994.
2020-12-31T14:17:57.137408Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-12-31T14:17:58.584622Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-12-31T14:17:59.091124Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: mks#ZuR2vR(g
[root@localhost local]# echo 'mks#ZuR2vR(g' > /root/3308

配置配置文件/etc/my.cnf

root@localhost local]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

[mysqld3306]
datadir = /opt/data/3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid
log-error=/var/log/3306.log

[mysqld3307]
datadir = /opt/data/3307
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3307/mysql_3307.pid
log-error=/var/log/3307.log

[mysqld3308]
datadir = /opt/data/3308
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3308/mysql_3308.pid
log-error=/var/log/3308.log

 启动各实例

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi  start 3306
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi  start 3307
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi  start 3308
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3307                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3308 

 修改密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'fh45Hi,F60(8' -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.31
..........................................................
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.31 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'ESbrhuW%*4am'  -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
......................
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'mks#ZuR2vR(g'  -h127.0.0.1 -P3308