先说基本用法：
先按11G之前进行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;
ORA-65096: 公用用户名或角色名无效.
查官方文档得知“试图创建一个通用用户，必需要用C##或者c##开头”，这时候心里会有疑问，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再说
create C##user test identifed by test;
创建成功
SQL>show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED
SQL>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
这时再用create user test identifed by test;建立用户就可以了。
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,由于他们的引入导致传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念不少发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb关系图
ORACLE 12C版本
SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER CON_ID-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0 |
启动关闭pdb
SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 597098496 bytesFixed Size 2291072 bytesVariable Size 272632448 bytesDatabase Buffers 314572800 bytesRedo Buffers 7602176 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 open;Pluggable database altered.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 close;Pluggable database altered.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all open;Pluggable database altered.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE 4 3872456618 PDB2 READ WRITESQL> alter PLUGGABLE database all close;Pluggable database altered.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL> alter session set container=pdb1;Session altered.SQL> startupPluggable Database opened.SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE |
pdb的管理可以在cdb中进行也可以在pdb中进行,如果是cdb中进行,需要PLUGGABLE关键字,如果是pdb中直接和普通数据库一样
登录pdb
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:02Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date 11-MAY-2013 18:30:54Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36 min. 8 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services Summary...Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "cdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "cdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "pdb2" has 1 instance(s). Instance "cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:09Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Used parameter files:Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))OK (20 msec)[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand Real Application Testing optionsSQL> show con_name;CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analyticsand Real Application Testing optionsSQL> alter session set container=pdb1;Session altered.SQL> show con_name;CON_NAME------------------------------PDB1 |
pdb可以通过alter session container进入也可以直接通过tns方式登录
创建用户
SQL> show con_name;CON_NAME------------------------------CDB$ROOTSQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs; CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY 3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE 4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDSQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;create user xff identified by xifenfei *ERROR at line 1:ORA-65096: invalid common user or role nameSQL> !oerr ora 6509665096, 00000, "invalid common user or role name"// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role // names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII // characters.// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.//SQL> create user c##xff identified by xifenfei;User created.SQL> SELECT USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM CDB_USERS WHERE USERNAME='C##XFF';USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID---------- ---------- ----------C##XFF 1 103C##XFF 3 104SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;Session altered.SQL> show con_nameCON_NAME------------------------------PDB1SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;User created.SQL> create user c##abc identified by xifenfei;create user c##abc identified by xifenfei *ERROR at line 1:ORA-65094: invalid local user or role name |
创建用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能创建全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和所有的pdb中创建该用户(但是pdb中的全局用户需要另外授权才能够在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能创建的用户为本地用户
用户授权
SQL> grant connect to c##xff;Grant succeeded.SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF';GRANTEE CON_ID------------------------------ ----------C##XFF 1SQL> grant resource to c##xff container=all;Grant succeeded.SQL> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF';GRANTEE CON_ID------------------------------ ----------C##XFF 1C##XFF 3 |
用户授权默认情况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,对所有open的pdb且存在该用户都进行授权
修改参数
SQL> alter system set open_cursors=500 container=all;System altered.SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdbaConnected.SQL> show parameter open_cursors;NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer 500SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100; alter system set open_cursors=100*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01219: database or pluggable database not open: queries allowed on fixedtables or views onlySQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> alter system set open_cursors=100;System altered.SQL> show parameter open_cursors;NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer 100SQL> conn / as sysdbaConnected.SQL> show parameter open_cursors;NAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------open_cursors integer 500 |
这里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;如果在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义
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