• php魔术函数之 __clone()


    原文地址: http://www.nowamagic.net/librarys/posts/php/32

    PHP4面向对象功能一个很大的缺点,是将对象视为另一种数据类型,这使得很多常见的OOP方法无法使用,如设计模式。这些方法依赖于将对象作为引用传递给其他类方法,而不是作为值传递,而按值传递却是PHP的默认做法。幸好,PHP5解决了这个问题,现在所有对象在默认情况下都被视为引用。但是,由于所有对象都被视为引用而不是值,所以现在复制对象更为困难。如果尝试复制一个引用的对象,这只会指向原对象的地址位置。为了解决复制问题,PHP提供了一种克隆(clone)对象的显式方法。

    对象克隆 可以在对象前面加clone关键字来克隆对象,如下:

    1 destinationObject = clone targetObject;

    下面将给出一个详细的对象克隆示例。

    这个例子使用一个名为Corporate_Drone的示例类,它包含两个成员(employeeid和tiecolor),并有相应的获取方法和设置方法。

    此代码首先实例化一个corporatedrone对象,并以此为基础展示克隆操作的效果:

     1 <?php
     2 class corporatedrone {
     3     private $employeeid;
     4     private $tiecolor;
     5     // Define a setter and getter for $employeeid
     6     function setEmployeeID($employeeid) {
     7          $this->employeeid = $employeeid;
     8     }
     9     function getEmployeeID() {
    10            return $this->employeeid;
    11      }
    12     // Define a setter and getter for $tiecolor
    13       function setTiecolor($tiecolor) {
    14          $this->tiecolor = $tiecolor;
    15      }
    16      function getTiecolor() {
    17            return $this->tiecolor;
    18     }
    19 }
    20     // Create new corporatedrone object
    21       $drone1 = new corporatedrone();
    22     
    23     // Set the $drone1 employeeid member
    24        $drone1->setEmployeeID("12345");
    25     
    26     // Set the $drone1 tiecolor member
    27        $drone1->setTiecolor("red");
    28     
    29     // Clone the $drone1 object
    30        $drone2 = clone $drone1;
    31     
    32     // Set the $drone2 employeeid member
    33        $drone2->setEmployeeID("67890");
    34     
    35     // Output the $drone1 and $drone2 employeeid members
    36        echo "drone1 employeeID: ".$drone1->getEmployeeID()."<br />";
    37        echo "drone1 tie color: ".$drone1->getTiecolor()."<br />";
    38        echo "drone2 employeeID: ".$drone2->getEmployeeID()."<br />";
    39        echo "drone2 tie color: ".$drone2->getTiecolor()."<br />";
    40 ?>
    输出结果为:
    drone1 employeeID: 12345
    drone1 tie color: red
    drone2 employeeID: 67890
    drone2 tie color: red

    $drone2变成一个Corporate_Drone类型的对象,并继承了$drone1的成员值。为进一步展示$drone2确实是Comporate_Drone类型,这里还重新对employeeid成员进行了赋值

    __clone()方法

    可以在对象类中定义一个__clone()方法来调整对象的克隆行为。此方法的代码将在克隆操作期间执行。除了将所有现有对象成员复制到目标对象之外,还会执行__clone()方法指定的操作。下面修改Corporate_Drone类,增加以下方法:

    1 function __clone() { 
    2     $this->tiecolor = "blue";
    3 }

    之后,创建一个新的Corporate_Drone对象,增加employeeid成员的值,克隆这个对象,然后输出一些数据,从而显示克隆对象的tiecolor确实是通过__clone()方法设置的。

    示例代码:

     1 <?php
     2     // Create new corporatedrone object
     3        $drone1 = new corporatedrone();
     4     
     5     // Set the $drone1 employeeid member
     6        $drone1->setEmployeeID("12345");
     7     
     8     // Clone the $drone1 object
     9        $drone2 = clone $drone1;
    10     
    11     // Set the $drone2 employeeid member
    12        $drone2->setEmployeeID("67890");
    13     
    14     // Output the $drone1 and $drone2 employeeid members
    15        echo "drone1 employeeID: ".$drone1->getEmployeeID()."<br />";
    16        echo "drone2 employeeID: ".$drone2->getEmployeeID()."<br />";
    17        echo "drone2 tiecolor: ".$drone2->getTiecolor()."<br />";
    18 ?>
    输出结果为:
    drone1 employeeID: 12345
    drone2 employeeID: 67890
    drone2 tiecolor:

    将一个类赋值给另一个类,此时内存中仍是一个对象:

     1 <?php
     2 class Fruit {
     3     private $name = "水果";
     4     private $color = "颜色";
     5     
     6     public function setName($name){
     7         $this->name = $name;
     8     }
     9     
    10     public function setColor($color){
    11         $this->color = $color;
    12     }
    13     
    14     function showColor(){
    15         return $this->color.'的'.$this->name."<br />";
    16     }
    17     
    18     function __destruct(){
    19         echo "被吃掉了(对象被回收) <br />"; 
    20     }
    21 }
    22 
    23 $apple = new Fruit();
    24 $apple->setName("大苹果");
    25 $apple->setColor("红色");
    26 echo $apple->showColor();
    27 
    28 $clone_apple = $apple;
    29 $clone_apple->setName("小苹果");
    30 $clone_apple->setColor("青色");
    31 
    32 echo $clone_apple->showColor();
    33 ?>
    输出结果为:
    红色的大苹果

    青色的小苹果
    被吃掉了(对象被回收)

    clone方法克隆出了一个新的类,此时内存中有两个对象:

     1 <?php
     2 class Fruit {
     3     private $name = "水果";
     4     private $color = "颜色";
     5     
     6     public function setName($name){
     7         $this->name = $name;
     8     }
     9     
    10     public function setColor($color){
    11         $this->color = $color;
    12     }
    13     
    14     function showColor(){
    15         return $this->color.'的'.$this->name."<br />";
    16     }
    17     
    18     function __destruct(){
    19         echo "被吃掉了(对象被回收) <br />"; 
    20     }
    21     function __clone(){
    22         $this->name = "克隆水果"; 
    23     }
    24 }
    25 
    26 $apple = new Fruit();
    27 $apple->setName("大苹果");
    28 $apple->setColor("红色");
    29 echo $apple->showColor();
    30 echo "<hr/>";
    31 $clone_apple = clone $apple;
    32 $clone_apple->setColor("青色");
    33 
    34 echo $clone_apple->showColor();
    35 ?>
    输出结果为:
    红色的大苹果

    青色的克隆水果
    被吃掉了(对象被回收)
    被吃掉了(对象被回收)
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/deverz/p/6136552.html
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