使用Apache ab进行压力测试(参数说明)

我们一般会使用Apache自带的ab来对项目进行压力测试,看项目的执行情况如何.

我们可以使用 ab -v 来查看ab的详细参数使用方法.

[root@node234 bin]# ./ab -v
ab: option requires an argument -- v
./ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ./ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. wait for responses
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header for POSTing, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, or ALL)

要进行压力测试可以执行以下命令,可以修改相应的参数:

ab -n1000 -c10 http://e60.chenwd.xxx.com/carindex.php

Apache常用参数说明:

-n: 标识请求的总数.
-c: 标识请求的总用户 (如果请求的总数是1000,请求的总用户是10,那么平均每个用户执行100次请求)
-t: 请求的超时时间, 单位是秒.

执行结果:

[root@node234 bin]# ./ab -n1000 -c10 http://e60.chenwd.xxx/carindex.php
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 655654 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking e60.chenwd.dev.eebaobao.com (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Completed 1000 requests
Finished 1000 requests

Server Software:        nginx/0.9.4
Server Hostname:        e60.xxx.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /carindex.php
Document Length:        5722 bytes

Concurrency Level:      10
Time taken for tests:   19.445 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      5990000 bytes
HTML transferred:       5722000 bytes
Requests per second:    51.43 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       194.446 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       19.445 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          300.84 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:       12   60  19.8     58     205
Processing:    47  133  32.9    126     298
Waiting:       22   75  27.8     68     219
Total:        112  193  36.8    183     374

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    183
  66%    195
  75%    204
  80%    214
  90%    249
  95%    270
  98%    293
  99%    304
 100%    374 (longest request)

执行结果说明:
Server Software: 测试服务器的Web服务器软件名字
Server Hostname: 请求的域名
Server Port: 测试的访问端口
Document Path: 请求URL的绝问文件路径
Document Length: 表示HTTP相应的正文的长度
Concurrency Level: 标识并发的用户数(-c属性来设置)
Time taken for tests: 执行完所有的请求所花费的时间
Complete requests: 表示测试的总请求数
Failed requests: 失败的请求
Total transferred: 表示所有请求的响应数据的总和,包含头信息和正文长度.
HTML transferred: 表示所有请求中响应数据的正文长度 (不包含头信息的长度)
Requests per second: 这个就是我们要的吞吐率,表示每秒处理的请求数
Time per request: 表示每个用户平均等待的时间. 等于 Time taken for tests / (Complete requests / Concurrency Level)
Time per request:(mean, across all concurrent requests) 服务器平均请求处理的时间. 正是吞详细地址的倒数，为：Time per request / Concurrency Level 每个请求花费了多少秒
Transfer rate: 这些请求在单位内,从服务器获取的数据长度. 等于: Total transferred / Time taken for tests
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms): 这部分数据用于描述每个请求处理时间的分页情况,百分之五十不超过183毫秒,. 百分之九十不超过249毫秒,百分百不超过374毫秒.