• Caffe学习系列(13):数据可视化环境(python接口)配置


    caffe程序是由c++语言写的,本身是不带数据可视化功能的。只能借助其它的库或接口,如opencv, python或matlab。大部分人使用python接口来进行可视化,因为python出了个比较强大的东西:ipython notebook, 现在的最新版本改名叫jupyter notebook,它能将python代码搬到浏览器上去执行,以富文本方式显示,使得整个工作可以以笔记的形式展现、存储,对于交互编程、学习非常方便。 

       python环境不能单独配置,必须要先编译好caffe,才能编译python环境。

        python环境的配置说起来简单,做起来非常复杂。在安装的过程中,可能总是出现这样那样的问题。因此强烈建议大家用anaconda来进行安装,anaconda把很多与python有关的库都收集在一起了,包括numpy,scipy等等,因此,我们只需要下载对应系统,对应版本的anaconda来安装就可以了。

    如果你想通过anaconda来安装,请跳过第一、二步,直接进入第三步开始:

    一、安装python和pip

    一般linux系统都自带python,所以不需要安装。如果没有的,安装起来也非常方便。安装完成后,可用version查看版本

    # python --version

    pip是专门用于安装python各种依赖库的,所以我们这里安装一下pip1.5.6

    先用链接下载安装包 https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.6.tar.gz,然后解压,里面有一个setup.py的文件,执行这个文件就可以安装pip了

    # sudo python setup.py install

    有些电脑可能会提示 no moudle name setuptools 的错误,这是没有安装setuptools的原因。那就需要先安装一下setuptools, 到https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.2.tar.gz 下载安装包setuptools-19.2.tar.gz,然后解压执行

    # sudo python setup.py install

    就要以安装setuptools了,然后再回头去重新安装pip。执行的代码都是一样的,只是在不同的目录下执行。

    二、安装pyhon接口依赖库

    在caffe根目录的python文件夹下,有一个requirements.txt的清单文件,上面列出了需要的依赖库,按照这个清单安装就可以了。

    在安装scipy库的时候,需要fortran编译器(gfortran),如果没有这个编译器就会报错,因此,我们可以先安装一下。

    首先回到caffe的根目录,然后执行安装代码:

    # cd ~/caffe
    # sudo apt-get install gfortran
    # for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do sudo pip install $req; done

    安装完成以后,我们可以执行:

    # sudo pip install -r python/requirements.txt

    就会看到,安装成功的,都会显示Requirement already satisfied, 没有安装成功的,会继续安装。

    在安装的时候,也许问题会有一大堆。这时候你就知道anaconda的好处了。

    三、利用anaconda来配置python环境

    如果你上面两步已经没有问题了,那么这一步可以省略。

    如果你想简单一些,利用anaconda来配置python环境,那么直接从这一步开始,可以省略上面两步。

    先到https://www.continuum.io/downloads 下载anaconda, 现在的版本有python2.7版本和python3.5版本,下载好对应版本、对应系统的anaconda,它实际上是一个sh脚本文件,大约280M左右。我下载的是linux版的python 2.7版本。

    下载成功后,在终端执行(2.7版本):

    # bash Anaconda2-2.4.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

    或者3.5 版本:

    # bash Anaconda3-2.4.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

    在安装的过程中,会问你安装路径,直接回车默认就可以了。有个地方问你是否将anaconda安装路径加入到环境变量(.bashrc)中,这个一定要输入yes

    安装成功后,会有当前用户根目录下生成一个anaconda2的文件夹,里面就是安装好的内容。

    输入conda list 就可以查询,你现在安装了哪些库,常用的numpy, scipy名列其中。如果你还有什么包没有安装上,可以运行

    conda install ***  来进行安装,

    如果某个包版本不是最新的,运行 conda update *** 就可以了。

    四、编译python接口

    首先,将caffe根目录下的python文件夹加入到环境变量

    打开配置文件bashrc

    # sudo vi ~/.bashrc

    在最后面加入

    export PYTHONPATH=/home/xxx/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH

    注意 /home/xxx/caffe/python 是我的路径,这个地方每个人都不同,需要修改

    保存退出,更新配置文件

    # sudo ldconfig

    然后修改编译配置文件Makefile.config. 我的配置是:

    ## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
    # Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!
    
    # cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
    USE_CUDNN := 1
    
    # CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
    # CPU_ONLY := 1
    
    # uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
    # USE_OPENCV := 0
    # USE_LEVELDB := 0
    # USE_LMDB := 0
    
    # uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
    #    You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
    #    possibility of simultaneous read and write
    # ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1
    
    # Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
    # OPENCV_VERSION := 3
    
    # To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
    # N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
    # CUSTOM_CXX := g++
    
    # CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
    CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
    # On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
    # "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
    # CUDA_DIR := /usr
    
    # CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
    # For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 lines for compatibility.
    CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 
            -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 
            -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 
            -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 
            -gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 
            -gencode arch=compute_50,code=compute_50
    
    # BLAS choice:
    # atlas for ATLAS (default)
    # mkl for MKL
    # open for OpenBlas
    BLAS := atlas
    # Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
    # Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
    # (which should work)!
    # BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
    # BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas
    
    # Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
    # BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
    # BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib
    
    # This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
    # MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
    # MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
    # MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app
    
    # NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
    # We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
    # PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 
            /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
    # Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
    # Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
    ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda2
    PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include 
            $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 
            $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include 
    
    # We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
    # PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
    PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
    
    # Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
    # PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
    # PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib
    
    # Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
    WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
    
    # Whatever else you find you need goes here.
    INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
    LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
    
    # If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
    # INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
    # LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib
    
    # Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
    # (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
    # USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1
    
    BUILD_DIR := build
    DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute
    
    # Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
    # DEBUG := 1
    
    # The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
    TEST_GPUID := 0
    
    # enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
    Q ?= @

    修改完编译配置文件后,最后进行编译:

    # sudo make pycaffe

    编译成功后,不能重复编译,否则会提示 Nothing to be done for "pycaffe"的错误。

    防止其它意外的错误,最好还编译一下:

    # sudo make test -j8
    # sudo make runtest -j8

    也许你在编译runtest的时候,会报这样的错误:

    .build_release/test/test_all.testbin: error while loading shared libraries: libhdf5.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

    这是因为 libhdf5.so的版本问题,你可以进入/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu看一下,你的libhdf5.so.x中的那个x是多少,比如我的是libhdf5.so.7

     因此可以执行下面几行代码解决:

    # cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
    # sudo ln -s libhdf5.so.7 libhdf5.so.10
    # sudo ln -s libhdf5_hl.so.7 libhdf5_hl.so.10
    # sudo ldconfig

    最终查看python接口是否编译成功:

    进入python环境,进行import操作

    # python
    >>> import caffe

    如果没有提示错误,则编译成功。

    五、安装jupyter

    安装了python还不行,还得安装一下ipython,后者更加方便快捷,更有自动补全功能。而ipython notebook是ipython的最好展现方式。最新的版本改名为jupyter notebook,我们先来安装一下。(如果安装了anaconda, jupyter notebook就已经自动装好,不需要再安装)

    # sudo pip install jupyter

    安装成功后,运行notebook

    # jupyter notebook

    就会在浏览器中打开notebook,  点击右上角的New-python2, 就可以新建一个网页一样的文件,扩展名为ipynb。在这个网页上,我们就可以像在命令行下面一样运行python代码了。输入代码后,按shift+enter运行,更多的快捷键,可点击上方的help-Keyboard shortcuts查看,或者先按esc退出编辑状态,再按h键查看。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/denny402/p/5088399.html
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