1.需求
为什么要开发一个windows服务呢?之前做一个程序,必须要读取指定目录文件License, 因为其他程序也在读取这指定目录的License文件,且License不同时会修改License的内容,
修改了License后导致我们的程序无法运行,所以想做个windows 的服务时时检测这个License文件是否被修改,如果检测到被修改就覆盖该License。
2.依赖的第三方库
必须要借助第三方模块pywin32
下载地址: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pywin32/214
3.实现过程
实例化win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework的时候,windows系统会自动调用SvcDoRun方法,
这个函数的执行不可以结束,因为结束就代表服务停止。所以当我们放自己的代码在SvcDoRun函数中执行的时候,必须确保该函数不退出,类似与这样的效果:
1 def SvcDoRun(self): 2 while True: 3 self._LicenseExist() 4 time.sleep(2)
当停止服务的时候,系统会调用SvcDoStop函数,该函数通过设置标志位等方式让SvcDoRun函数退出,就是正常的停止服务。
win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop) 通过事件退出
服务操作命令:
1 #1.安装服务 2 3 python PythonService.py install 4 5 #2.让服务自动启动 6 7 python PythonService.py --startup auto install 8 9 #3.启动服务 10 11 python PythonService.py start 12 13 #4.重启服务 14 15 python PythonService.py restart 16 17 #5.停止服务 18 19 python PythonService.py stop 20 21 #6.删除/卸载服务 22 23 python PythonService.py remove
4.完整代码:
1 # -*- coding: UTF8 -*- 2 # 3 import win32serviceutil 4 import win32service 5 import win32event 6 import winerror 7 import servicemanager 8 import os, sys, time 9 10 class PythonService(win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework): 11 12 _svc_name_ = "ALicense" # 服务名 13 _svc_display_name_ = "ALicense Is Exist " # 服务在windows系统中显示的名称 14 _svc_description_ = "ALicense Is Exist License windows" #服务的描述 15 16 def __init__(self, args): 17 win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework.__init__(self, args) 18 self.hWaitStop = win32event.CreateEvent(None, 0, 0, None) 19 self.License = self._LicenseExist() 20 self.run = True 21 22 def _LicenseExist(self): 23 is_exist=os.path.exists('C:License.dat') 24 string_key='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' 25 if is_exist: 26 for line in open("C:License.dat"): 27 if line!=string_key: 28 self.writer(string_key) 29 else: 30 self.writer(string_key) 31 # 写入License 32 def writer(self, string_key): 33 f=open('C:License.dat','w') 34 f.write(string_key) 35 f.close() 36 37 def SvcDoRun(self): 38 while self.run: 39 # 已经运行 40 self._LicenseExist() 41 time.sleep(2) #推迟调用线程的运行2秒 42 43 def SvcStop(self): 44 # 服务已经停止 45 self.ReportServiceStatus(win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING) 46 win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop) 47 self.run = False 48 49 if __name__=='__main__': 50 if len(sys.argv) == 1: 51 try: 52 evtsrc_dll = os.path.abspath(servicemanager.__file__) 53 servicemanager.PrepareToHostSingle(PythonService) 54 servicemanager.Initialize('PythonService', evtsrc_dll) 55 servicemanager.StartServiceCtrlDispatcher() 56 except win32service.error, details: 57 if details[0] == winerror.ERROR_FAILED_SERVICE_CONTROLLER_CONNECT: 58 win32serviceutil.usage() 59 else: 60 win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(PythonService)
5.效果与问题
当直接运行py文件访问是可以添加服务,且服务也可运行,但是使用pyinstaller打包exe后程序就不能正常执行,
提示:错误1053 服务没有及时相应启动或控制请求
google 后找到解决方法,
原理我也不是很懂,貌似是要在实例化windows服务类时候,监控服务调度
1 if len(sys.argv) == 1: 2 try: 3 evtsrc_dll = os.path.abspath(servicemanager.__file__) 4 servicemanager.PrepareToHostSingle(PythonService) 5 servicemanager.Initialize('PythonService', evtsrc_dll) 6 servicemanager.StartServiceCtrlDispatcher() 7 except win32service.error, details: 8 if details[0] == winerror.ERROR_FAILED_SERVICE_CONTROLLER_CONNECT: 9 win32serviceutil.usage() 10 else: 11 win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(PythonService)
pyinstaller 打包为控制台文件
1 if __name__ == '__main__': 2 from PyInstaller.main import run 3 params=['windows_services_in_python.py', '-F', '-c', '--icon=favicon.ico'] 4 run(params)
打包后CMD到改目录:
放行杀毒软件拦截
6.管理window服务操作
完整代码:
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding: UTF8 -*- 3 # 4 import win32service 5 import win32con 6 import time, sys 7 import datetime 8 reload(sys) 9 sys.setdefaultencoding("utf8") 10 class ServiceManager(object): 11 """管理window服务""" 12 13 def __init__(self, name): 14 """ 15 name: 服务的名称 16 """ 17 self.name = name 18 19 #启动或停止服务时等待操作成功等待时间 20 self.wait_time = 0.5 21 #启动或停止服务时最大等待时间,超过时返回超时提示 22 self.delay_time = 10 23 self.scm = win32service.OpenSCManager(None, None, win32service.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS) 24 25 26 if self.is_exists(): 27 try: 28 self.handle = win32service.OpenService(self.scm, self.name, win32service.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS) 29 except Exception, e: 30 self.log(e) 31 else: 32 print '服务 %s 没有安装'.encode('gbk') % self.name 33 34 35 def is_stop(self): 36 """检查服务是否停止""" 37 flag = False 38 try: 39 if self.handle: 40 ret = win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle) 41 flag = ret[1] != win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING 42 except Exception, e: 43 self.log(e) 44 return flag 45 46 def start(self): 47 """开启服务""" 48 try: 49 if self.handle: 50 win32service.StartService(self.handle, None) 51 except Exception, e: 52 self.log(e) 53 status_info = win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle) 54 55 if status_info[1] == win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING: 56 return '启动服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') % self.name 57 elif status_info[1] == win32service.SERVICE_START_PENDING: 58 #如果服务正在启动中则延迟返回启动信息,直到启动成功,或返回启动时间过长信息 59 start_time = datetime.datetime.now() 60 while True: 61 if (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).seconds > self.delay_time: 62 return '启动服务%s时间太长'.encode('gbk') % self.name 63 64 time.sleep(self.wait_time) 65 if win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)[1] == win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING: 66 return '启动服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') % self.name 67 else: 68 return '启动服务%s失败'.encode('gbk') % self.name 69 70 def stop(self): 71 """停止服务""" 72 try: 73 status_info = win32service.ControlService(self.handle, win32service.SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP) 74 except Exception, e: 75 self.log(e) 76 if status_info[1] == win32service.SERVICE_STOPPED: 77 return '停止服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') % self.name 78 elif status_info[1] == win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING: 79 start_time = datetime.datetime.now() 80 while True: 81 if (datetime.datetime.now() - start_time).seconds > self.delay_time: 82 return '停止服务%s时间太长'.encode('gbk') % self.name 83 84 time.sleep(self.wait_time) 85 if win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle)[1] == win32service.SERVICE_STOPPED: 86 return '停止服务%s成功'.encode('gbk') % self.name 87 else: 88 return '停止服务%s失败'.encode('gbk') % self.name 89 90 def restart(self): 91 """重启服务""" 92 if not self.is_stop(): 93 self.stop() 94 self.start() 95 return win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle) 96 97 def status(self): 98 """获取运行的状态""" 99 try: 100 status_info = win32service.QueryServiceStatus(self.handle) 101 status = status_info[1] 102 if status == win32service.SERVICE_STOPPED: 103 return "STOPPED" 104 elif status == win32service.SERVICE_START_PENDING: 105 return "STARTING" 106 elif status == win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING: 107 return "STOPPING" 108 elif status == win32service.SERVICE_RUNNING: 109 return "RUNNING" 110 except Exception, e: 111 self.log(e) 112 113 def close(self): 114 """释放资源""" 115 try: 116 if self.scm: 117 win32service.CloseServiceHandle(self.handle) 118 win32service.CloseServiceHandle(self.scm) 119 except Exception, e: 120 self.log(e) 121 122 def is_exists(self): 123 """windows服务是否已安装""" 124 statuses = win32service.EnumServicesStatus(self.scm, win32service.SERVICE_WIN32, win32service.SERVICE_STATE_ALL) 125 for (short_name, desc, status) in statuses: 126 if short_name == self.name: 127 return True 128 return False 129 130 def log(self, exception): 131 132 print(exception) 133 134 135 136 if __name__=='__main__': 137 138 app= ServiceManager('AAaservice') 139 msg= app.is_exists() # 判断是否安装 (以下操作必须先判断服务是否存在) 140 #msg= app.is_stop() # 判断服务是否停止 141 #msg= app.status() # 查看服务的状态 142 #msg= app.start() # 开启服务 143 #msg= app.stop() # 暂停服务 (服务开启才能停止,else error) 144 #msg= app.restart() # 重启服务 145 146 print(msg)
7.参考地址:
python添加服务: http://blog.csdn.net/kmust20093211/article/details/42169323
python添加服务: http://www.chrisumbel.com/article/windows_services_in_python
打包无法运行服务: http://zhangweide.cn/archive/2013/pyinstaller-package-windows-service.html
python管理window服务 https://github.com/zhulin3141/PPServ/edit/master/service_manager.py