nginx可以通过向其发送信号来进行管理。默认情况下主进程的进程ID写到文件/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid中。当然也可以在配置文件中自定义该pid文件,自定义使用pid指令来进行修改。主进程支持如下信号:
TERM, INT | fast shutdown |
QUIT | graceful shutdown |
HUP | changing configuration, keeping up with a changed time zone (only for FreeBSD and Linux), starting new worker processes with a new configuration, graceful shutdown of old worker processes |
USR1 | re-opening log files |
USR2 | upgrading an executable file |
WINCH | graceful shutdown of worker processes |
尽管不是必须,单个的工作进程同样可以通过下列信号进行控制。工作进程支持如下信号:
TERM, INT | fast shutdown |
QUIT | graceful shutdown |
USR1 | re-opening log files |
WINCH | abnormal termination for debugging (requires debug_points to be enabled) |
改变配置文件
为使nginx重新读取配置文件,可以想主进程发送一个HUB信号。主进程首先检测语法的有效性,然后尝试应用到新的配置中即打开日志文件和新的监听套接字:若失败,主进程回滚到改变前的配置,并继续使用旧的配置运行。若成功则开启新的工作进程,给旧的工作进程发送完整性关闭命令,旧的工作进程关闭监听套接字,继续处理旧的请求并返回给客户端,当所有的客户端请求处理完后,旧的工作进程关闭。
举个例子,假定nginx运行在FreeBSD 4.X之上,命令如下:
ps axw -o pid,ppid,user,%cpu,vsz,wchan,command | egrep '(nginx|PID)'
打印出如下内容:
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND 33126 1 root 0.0 1148 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 33127 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) 33128 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1364 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
向主进程发送HUP信号后,打印出如下内容:
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 33129 33126 nobody 0.0 1380 kqread nginx: worker process is shutting down (nginx) 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
可以看到PID为33129的旧工作进程正在处理请求中。过一段时间后再观察,发现它已经关闭掉了:
PID PPID USER %CPU VSZ WCHAN COMMAND 33126 1 root 0.0 1164 pause nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 33134 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) 33135 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx) 33136 33126 nobody 0.0 1368 kqread nginx: worker process (nginx)
---出去一段时间