1. 什么是RPC
RPC(Remote Procedure Call)即远程过程调用,指的是不同机器间系统方法的调用,这和
同机器动态链接库(DLL)有点类似,只不过RPC是不同机器,通过网络通信来访问远程的资源。
2. Java RMI技术
RMI(Remote Method Invocation)即远程方法调用,是Java原生的RPC技术。
* 使用了原生的序列化机制(序列化对象实现java.io.Serializable接口)
* 底层通信基于BIO(Block IO)实现的Socket来完成
* 性能较差
例子:
2-1) 首先,定义远程对外服务接口
// 必须继承Remote接口 public interface HelloService extends Remote { String sayHello(String someOne) throws RemoteException; }
2-2) 远程接口的实现
// UnicastRemoteObject定义了服务调用方与提供方对象实例,并建立一对一连接 public class HelloServiceImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements HelloService { protected HelloServiceImpl() throws RemoteException { super(); } @Override public String sayHello(String someOne) throws RemoteException { return "hello," + someOne; } }
2-3) 服务端远程服务启动
// 创建和注册服务 public class ServiceMain { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8801); //指定通讯端口,防止被防火墙拦截 RMISocketFactory.setSocketFactory(new CustomerSocketFactory()); HelloService helloService = new HelloServiceImpl(); Naming.bind("rmi://localhost:8801/helloService", helloService); System.out.println("ServiceMain provide RPC service now."); } }
/** * 指定通讯端口,防止被防火墙拦截 * Created by KG on 2017/3/8. */ public class CustomerSocketFactory extends RMISocketFactory { @Override public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException { return new Socket(host, port); } @Override public ServerSocket createServerSocket(int port) throws IOException { if (port == 0) { port = 8501; } System.out.println("rmi notify port:" + port); return new ServerSocket(port); } }
2-4) 客户端调用RMI服务
public class ClientMain { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //服务引入 HelloService helloService = (HelloService) Naming.lookup("rmi://localhost:8801/helloService"); //调用远程方法 System.out.println("RMI服务器返回的结果是 " + helloService.sayHello("Master HaKu")); } }
程序运行结果:
RMI服务器返回的结果是 hello,Master HaKu