Javascript Design Patterns

JavaScript is a class-less language, however classes can be simulated using functions. 

eg:

// A car 'class'
function Car(model) { 
    this.model = model; 
    this.color = 'silver'; 
    this.year = '2012'; 
    this.getInfo = function () {
        return this.model + ' ' + this.year; 
    }
}

We can then instantiate the object using the Car constructor we defined above like this: 

var myCar = new Car('ford'); 
myCar.year = '2010'; 
console.log(myCar.getInfo());

另一个例子

var Person = function (name) { 
    this.name = name;
    this.say = function () {
        return "I am " + this.name; 
    };
};

// use the class
var adam = new Person("Adam"); 
adam.say(); // "I am Adam"

上述关于类函数的做法性能不佳，原因如下：

any time you call new Person() a new function is created in memory.

This is obviously inefficient, because the say() method doesn’t change from one instance to the next.

（每次new对象的时候会在内存中新建一个函数）

The better option is to add the method to the prototype of Person 

(比较好的方法是把方法增加到Person对象的prototype)

Person.prototype.say = function () {
    return "I am " + this.name; 
};

just remember that reusable members, such as methods, should go to the prototype 

(关于JS类必须要记住的是，可重用的成员，例如方法必须放到对象的prototype)