• 深入JVM内核--常用JVM配置参数


    Trace跟踪参数

    • -verbose:gc
    • -XX:+printGC
    • 可以打印GC的简要信息
      • [GC 4790K->374K(15872K), 0.0001606 secs]
      • [GC 4790K->374K(15872K), 0.0001474 secs]
      • [GC 4790K->374K(15872K), 0.0001563 secs]
      • [GC 4790K->374K(15872K), 0.0001682 secs]
    • -XX:+PrintGCDetails
      • 打印GC详细信息
    • -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps
      • 打印CG发生的时间戳
      • [GC[DefNew: 4416K->0K(4928K), 0.0001897 secs] 4790K->374K(15872K), 0.0002232 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 
    • -XX:+PrintGCDetails的输出
      • Heap
      • def new generation   total 13824K, used 11223K [0x27e80000, 0x28d80000, 0x28d80000)
      •   eden space 12288K,  91% used [0x27e80000, 0x28975f20, 0x28a80000)
      •   from space 1536K,   0% used [0x28a80000, 0x28a80000, 0x28c00000)
      •   to   space 1536K,   0% used [0x28c00000, 0x28c00000, 0x28d80000)
      • tenured generation   total 5120K, used 0K [0x28d80000, 0x29280000, 0x34680000)
      •   the space 5120K,   0% used [0x28d80000, 0x28d80000, 0x28d80200, 0x29280000)
      • compacting perm gen  total 12288K, used 142K [0x34680000, 0x35280000, 0x38680000)
      •   the space 12288K,   1% used [0x34680000, 0x346a3a90, 0x346a3c00, 0x35280000)
      •     ro space 10240K,  44% used [0x38680000, 0x38af73f0, 0x38af7400, 0x39080000)
      •     rw space 12288K,  52% used [0x39080000, 0x396cdd28, 0x396cde00, 0x39c80000)
    • -Xloggc:log/gc.log
      • 指定GC log的位置,以文件输出
      • 帮助开发人员分析问题
    • -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC
      • 每次一次GC后,都打印堆信息

    {Heap before GC invocations=0 (full 0):

     def new generation   total 3072K, used 2752K [0x33c80000, 0x33fd0000, 0x33fd0000)

      eden space 2752K, 100% used [0x33c80000, 0x33f30000, 0x33f30000)

      from space 320K,   0% used [0x33f30000, 0x33f30000, 0x33f80000)

      to   space 320K,   0% used [0x33f80000, 0x33f80000, 0x33fd0000)

     tenured generation   total 6848K, used 0K [0x33fd0000, 0x34680000, 0x34680000)

       the space 6848K,   0% used [0x33fd0000, 0x33fd0000, 0x33fd0200, 0x34680000)

     compacting perm gen  total 12288K, used 143K [0x34680000, 0x35280000, 0x38680000)

       the space 12288K,   1% used [0x34680000, 0x346a3c58, 0x346a3e00, 0x35280000)

        ro space 10240K,  44% used [0x38680000, 0x38af73f0, 0x38af7400, 0x39080000)

        rw space 12288K,  52% used [0x39080000, 0x396cdd28, 0x396cde00, 0x39c80000)

    [GC[DefNew: 2752K->320K(3072K), 0.0014296 secs] 2752K->377K(9920K), 0.0014604 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] 

    Heap after GC invocations=1 (full 0):

     def new generation   total 3072K, used 320K [0x33c80000, 0x33fd0000, 0x33fd0000)

      eden space 2752K,   0% used [0x33c80000, 0x33c80000, 0x33f30000)

      from space 320K, 100% used [0x33f80000, 0x33fd0000, 0x33fd0000)

      to   space 320K,   0% used [0x33f30000, 0x33f30000, 0x33f80000)

     tenured generation   total 6848K, used 57K [0x33fd0000, 0x34680000, 0x34680000)

       the space 6848K,   0% used [0x33fd0000, 0x33fde458, 0x33fde600, 0x34680000)

     compacting perm gen  total 12288K, used 143K [0x34680000, 0x35280000, 0x38680000)

       the space 12288K,   1% used [0x34680000, 0x346a3c58, 0x346a3e00, 0x35280000)

        ro space 10240K,  44% used [0x38680000, 0x38af73f0, 0x38af7400, 0x39080000)

        rw space 12288K,  52% used [0x39080000, 0x396cdd28, 0x396cde00, 0x39c80000)

    }

    • -XX:+TraceClassLoading
      • 监控类的加载
        • [Loaded java.lang.Object from shared objects file]
        • [Loaded java.io.Serializable from shared objects file]
        • [Loaded java.lang.Comparable from shared objects file]
        • [Loaded java.lang.CharSequence from shared objects file]
        • [Loaded java.lang.String from shared objects file]
        • [Loaded java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration from shared objects file]
        • [Loaded java.lang.reflect.Type from shared objects file]
    • -XX:+PrintClassHistogram
      • 按下Ctrl+Break后,打印类的信息:
      • num #instances #bytes class name
        ----------------------------------------------
        1: 890617 470266000 [B
        2: 890643 21375432 java.util.HashMap$Node
        3: 890608 14249728 java.lang.Long
        4: 13 8389712 [Ljava.util.HashMap$Node;
        5: 2062 371680 [C
        6: 463 41904 java.lang.Class

      • 分别显示:序号、实例数量、总大小、类型
    • -Xmx –Xms
      • 指定最大堆和最小堆
      • -Xmx20m -Xms5m  运行代码:
        • System.out.print("Xmx=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
        • System.out.print("free mem=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
        • System.out.print("total mem=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");

    Xmx=19.375M
    free mem=4.342750549316406M
    total mem=4.875M

    • -Xmx20m -Xms5m  运行代码
      • byte[] b=new byte[1*1024*1024];
      • System.out.println("分配了1M空间给数组");
      • System.out.print("Xmx=");
      • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
      • System.out.print("free mem=");
      • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
      • System.out.print("total mem=");
      • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
    • 分配了1M空间给数组
      Xmx=19.375M
      free mem=3.4791183471679688M
      total mem=4.875M

    • Java会尽可能维持在最小堆
      • -Xmx20m -Xms5m  运行代码
        • b=new byte[4*1024*1024];
        • System.out.println("分配了4M空间给数组");
        • System.out.print("Xmx=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
        • System.out.print("free mem=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
        • System.out.print("total mem=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
      • 分配了4M空间给数组
        Xmx=19.375M
        free mem=3.5899810791015625M
        total mem=9.00390625M

    • -Xmx20m -Xms5m  运行代码
        • System.gc();
        • System.out.println("回收内存");
        • System.out.print("Xmx=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
        • System.out.print("free mem=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
        • System.out.print("total mem=");
        • System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()/1024.0/1024+"M");
      • 回收内存
        Xmx=19.375M
        free mem=6.354591369628906M
        total mem=10.75390625M

    • -Xmn
      • 设置新生代大小
    • -XX:NewRatio
      • 新生代(eden+2*s)和老年代(不包含永久区)的比值
      • 4 表示 新生代:老年代=1:4,即年轻代占堆的1/5
    • -XX:SurvivorRatio
      • 设置两个Survivor区和eden的比
      • 8表示 两个Survivor :eden=2:8,即一个Survivor占年轻代的1/10
      • public static void main(String[] args) {
           byte[] b=null;
           for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
               b=new byte[1*1024*1024];
        }

        -Xmx20m -Xms20m -Xmn1m  -XX:+PrintGCDetails 

      • 没有触发GC
      • 全部分配在老年代
      • -Xmx20m -Xms20m -Xmn15m  -XX:+PrintGCDetails

      • 没有触发GC
      • 全部分配在eden
      • 老年代没有使用
      • -Xmx20m -Xms20m –Xmn7m  -XX:+PrintGCDetails 

      • 1.进行了2次新生代GC

        2.s0 s1 太小需要老年代担保

      • -Xmx20m -Xms20m -Xmn7m   -XX:SurvivorRatio=2 -XX:+PrintGCDetails

      • 1.进行了3次新生代GC

        2.s0 s1 增大

      • -Xmx20m -Xms20m -XX:NewRatio=1 -XX:SurvivorRatio=2 -XX:+PrintGCDetails

      • -Xmx20m -Xms20m -XX:NewRatio=1-XX:SurvivorRatio=3 -XX:+PrintGCDetails

    • -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
      • OOM时导出堆到文件
    • -XX:+HeapDumpPath
      • 导出OOM的路径
    • -Xmx20m -Xms5m -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=d:/a.dump
      • Vector v=new Vector();
      •         for(int i=0;i<25;i++)
      •             v.add(new byte[1*1024*1024]);
    • -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError
      • 在OOM时,执行一个脚本
      • "-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=D:/tools/jdk1.7_40/bin/printstack.bat %p“
      • 当程序OOM时,在D:/a.txt中将会生成线程的dump
      • 可以在OOM时,发送邮件,甚至是重启程序
    • 根据实际事情调整新生代和幸存代的大小
    • 官方推荐新生代占堆的3/8
    • 幸存代占新生代的1/10
    • 在OOM时,记得Dump出堆,确保可以排查现场问题

    永久区分配参数

    • -XX:PermSize  -XX:MaxPermSize
      • 设置永久区的初始空间和最大空间
      • 他们表示,一个系统可以容纳多少个类型

    栈大小分配

    • -Xss
      • 通常只有几百K
      • 决定了函数调用的深度
      • 每个线程都有独立的栈空间
      • 局部变量、参数 分配在栈上
    • public class TestStackDeep {
          private static int count=0;
          public static void recursion(long a,long b,long c){
              long e=1,f=2,g=3,h=4,i=5,k=6,q=7,x=8,y=9,z=10;
              count++;
              recursion(a,b,c);
          }
          public static void main(String args[]){
              try{
                  recursion(0L,0L,0L);
              }catch(Throwable e){
                  System.out.println("deep of calling = "+count);
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
          }
      }

      递归调用

      -Xss128K

      deep of calling = 701

      java.lang.StackOverflowError

       

      -Xss256K

      deep of calling = 1817

      java.lang.StackOverflowError

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dassmeta/p/5687956.html
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