平常用Inject比较多,今天接触到了Castle Windsor。本篇就来体验其在ASP.NET MVC中的应用过程。
Visual Studio 2012创建一个ASP.NET MVC 4网站。
通过NuGet安装Castle Windsor。
在当前项目下创建一个名称为"IOC"的文件夹。
在ASP.NET MVC中,每次请求,DefaultControllerFactory都会为我们创建controller实例,我们需要自定义一个派生自DefaultControllerFactory的类,让Castle Windsor帮我们生成controller实例。
using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using Castle.MicroKernel;namespace MyCastleWindsor.IOC{public class WindsorControllerFactory : DefaultControllerFactory{private readonly IKernel _kernel;public WindsorControllerFactory(IKernel kernel){_kernel = kernel;}protected override IController GetControllerInstance(System.Web.Routing.RequestContext requestContext, System.Type controllerType){if (controllerType == null){throw new HttpException(404,string.Format("当前对{0}的请求不存在",requestContext.HttpContext.Request.Path));}return (IController)_kernel.Resolve(controllerType);}public override void ReleaseController(IController controller){_kernel.ReleaseComponent(controller);base.ReleaseController(controller);}}}
现在需要在全局中生成Castle Windsor实例,赋值给自定义ControllerFactory的构造函数,并在Application结束时销毁该Castle Windsor实例。
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication{private IWindsorContainer _container;protected void Application_Start(){AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();WebApiConfig.Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);//初始化一个IOC容器_container = new WindsorContainer().Install(FromAssembly.This());//完成IWindsorInstaller接口中的注册ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(new WindsorControllerFactory(_container.Kernel));}protected void Application_End(){_container.Dispose();}}
现在,需要告诉Castle Windsor在何种条件下,以怎样的方式注册依赖。Castle Windsor提供了IWindsorInstaller接口。在IOC文件夹下创建实现该接口的类。
using System.Web.Mvc;using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration;using MyCastleWindsor.Controllers;namespace MyCastleWindsor.IOC{public class ControllerInstaller : IWindsorInstaller{public void Install(Castle.Windsor.IWindsorContainer container, Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration.IConfigurationStore store){container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly() //在哪里找寻接口或类.BasedOn<IController>() //实现IController接口.If(Component.IsInSameNamespaceAs<HomeController>()) //与HomeController在同一个命名空间.If(t => t.Name.EndsWith("Controller")) //以"Controller"结尾.Configure(c => c.LifestylePerWebRequest()));//每次请求创建一个Controller实例}}}
而实际上,在全局文件中,当运行Install(FromAssembly.This())方法时,会执行 IWindsorInstaller的Install接口方法。
举例来说
假设有一个接口:
public interface IContactManager{}
接口的实现类:
public class ContactManager : IContactManager{}
在某个控制器中,通过构造函数注入依赖,我们希望这样写:
private IContactManager contactManager;public HomeController(IContactManager contactManager){this.contactManager = contactManager;}
现在需要注册IContactManager和ContactManager。可以通过反射方式注册依赖。
using System.Web.Mvc;using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration;using MyCastleWindsor.Controllers;namespace MyCastleWindsor.IOC{public class ControllerInstaller : IWindsorInstaller{public void Install(Castle.Windsor.IWindsorContainer container, Castle.MicroKernel.SubSystems.Configuration.IConfigurationStore store){container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly().Where(t => t.Name.EndsWith("Manager")).WithServiceDefaultInterfaces().Configure(c => c.LifestyleTransient()));}}}
关于Castle Windsor的应用大致如下:
→ 继承ASP.NET MVC的ControllerFactory,通过构造函数传入Castle Windsor的IKernel,让其解析出IController类型控制器。
→ 通过实现Castle Windsor的IWindsorInstaller接口,通过反射注册依赖关系。
→ 在全局文件中初始化Castle Windsor的实例,并注册自定义的ControllerFactory。