单表查询
语法:
一、单表查询的语法 SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名 WHERE 条件 GROUP BY field HAVING 筛选 ORDER BY field LIMIT 限制条数 二、关键字的执行优先级(重点) 重点中的重点:关键字的执行优先级 from where group by having select distinct order by limit
1.找到表:from
2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录
3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组
4.将分组的结果进行having过滤
5.执行select
6.去重
7.将结果按条件排序:order by
8.限制结果的显示条数
创建公司员工表,表的字段和数据类型
company.employee 员工id id int 姓名 name varchar 性别 sex enum 年龄 age int 入职日期 hire_date date 岗位 post varchar 职位描述 post_comment varchar 薪水 salary double 办公室 office int 部门编号 depart_id int
创建员工表,并插入记录
#创建表,设置字段的约束条件 create table employee( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的 age int(3) unsigned not null default 28, hire_date date not null, post varchar(50), post_comment varchar(100), salary double(15,2), office int,#一个部门一个屋 depart_id int ); # 查看表结构 mysql> desc employee; +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | emp_name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | | | age | int(3) unsigned | NO | | 28 | | | hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | | | post | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | post_comment | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | salart | double(15,2) | YES | | NULL | | | office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | depart_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ rows in set (0.08 sec) #插入记录 #三个部门:教学,销售,运营 insert into employee(name ,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values ('aa','male',18,'20170301','财务',7300.33,401,1), ('bb','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1), ('cc','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1), ('dd','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1), ('ee','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1), ('ff','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1), ('gg','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1), ('hh','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1), ('AA','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门 ('BB','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2), ('CC','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2), ('DD','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2), ('EE','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2), ('FF','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门 ('GG','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3), ('HH','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3), ('II','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3), ('JJ','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3) ; 创建员工表,并插入记录
(1)where 约束
where子句中可以使用 1.比较运算符:>、<、>=、<=、<>、!= 2.between 80 and 100 :值在80到100之间 3.in(80,90,100)值是10或20或30 4.like 'xiaomagepattern': pattern可以是%或者_。%小时任意多字符,_表示一个字符 5.逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not
验证结果:
where约束
#1 :单条件查询 mysql> select id,name from employee where id > 5; #2 多条件查询 mysql> select name from employee where post='teacher' and salary>10000; #3.关键字BETWEEN AND SELECT name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000; SELECT name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000; #注意''是空字符串,不是null SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee WHERE post_comment=''; ps: 执行 update employee set post_comment='' where id=2; 再用上条查看,就会有结果了 #5:关键字IN集合查询 mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary=3000 OR salary=3500 OR salary=4000 OR salary=9000 ; mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ; mysql> SELECT name,salary FROM employee WHERE salary NOT IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;#6:关键字LIKE模糊查询 通配符’%’ 可以匹配任意多字符 mysql> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name LIKE 'a%'; 通配符'_' 只能匹配一个字符
mysql> SELECT age FROM employee WHERE name LIKE 'ale_'; +-----+ | age | +-----+ | 78 | +-----+ row in set (0.00 sec)
练习:
1. 查看岗位是teacher的员工姓名、年龄
2. 查看岗位是teacher且年龄大于30岁的员工姓名、年龄
3. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资在9000-1000范围内的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
4. 查看岗位描述不为NULL的员工信息
5. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
6. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资不是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
7. 查看岗位是teacher且名字是jin开头的员工姓名、年薪
#对应的sql语句
select name,age from employee where post = 'teacher';
select name,age from employee where post='teacher' and age > 30;
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary between 9000 and 10000;
select * from employee where post_comment is not null;
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary in (10000,9000,30000);
select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary not in (10000,9000,30000);
select name,salary*12 from employee where post='teacher' and name like 'jin%'; where约束
(2)group by 分组查询
#1、首先明确一点:分组发生在where之后,即分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的 #2、分组指的是:将所有记录按照某个相同字段进行归类,比如针对员工信息表的职位分组,或者按照性别进行分组等 #3、为何要分组呢? 取每个部门的最高工资 取每个部门的员工数 取男人数和女人数 小窍门:‘每’这个字后面的字段,就是我们分组的依据 #4、大前提: 可以按照任意字段分组,但是分组完毕后,比如group by post,只能查看post字段,如果想查看组内信息,需要借助于聚合函数
当执行以下sql语句的时候,是以post字段查询了组中的第一条数据,没有任何意义,因为我们现在想查出当前组的多条记录。
mysql> select * from employee group by post;#由于没有设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,于是也可以有结果,默认都是组内的第一条记录,但其实这是没有意义的 如果想分组,则必须要设置全局的sql的模式为ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY mysql> set global sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #查看MySQL 5.7默认的sql_mode如下: mysql> select @@global.sql_mode; +--------------------+ | @@global.sql_mode | +--------------------+ | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit;#设置成功后,一定要退出,然后重新登录方可生效 Bye
继续验证通过group by分组之后,只能查看当前字段,如果想查看组内信息,需要借助于聚合函数
mysql> select * from emp group by post;# 报错 ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'post' in 'group statement' mysql> select post from employee group by post; +-----------------------------------------+ | post | +-----------------------------------------+ | operation | | sale | | teacher | | 财务 | +-----------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(3)聚合函数
max()求最大值 min()求最小值 avg()求平均值 sum() 求和 count() 求总个数
group_concat(name) 查询名字 #强调:聚合函数聚合的是组的内容,若是没有分组,则默认一组 # 每个部门有多少个员工以及员工的名字 select post,count(id),group_concat(name) from employee group by post;
select post,count(1) from employee group by post; #加了count(1)后,会在employee表的末尾添加一列1,数1的效果和数id是一样的。 # 每个部门的最高薪水 select post,max(salary) from employee group by post; # 每个部门的最低薪水 select post,min(salary) from employee group by post; # 每个部门的平均薪水 select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post; # 每个部门的所有薪水 select post,sum(age) from employee group by post;
小练习
1. 查询岗位名以及岗位包含的所有员工名字
select post,name from employee; 2. 查询岗位名以及各岗位内包含的员工个数
select post ,count(1) from employee group by post; 3. 查询公司内男员工和女员工的个数
select sex,count(1) from employee group by sex; 4. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的平均薪资
select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post; 5. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最高薪资
select post,max(salary) from employee group by post; 6. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最低薪资
select post,min(salary) from employee group by post; 7. 查询男员工与男员工的平均薪资,女员工与女员工的平均薪资
select sex,avg(salary) from employee group by sex;
(4)HAVING过滤
HAVING与WHERE不一样的地方在于 #!!!执行优先级从高到低:where > group by > having #1. Where 发生在分组group by之前,因而Where中可以有任意字段,但是绝对不能使用聚合函数。 #2. Having发生在分组group by之后,因而Having中可以使用分组的字段,无法直接取到其他字段,可以使用聚合函数
验证:
验证: mysql> select * from employee where salary>1000000; +----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+ | id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id | +----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+ | 2 | bb | male | 78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | | 1000000.31 | 401 | 1 | +----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+ row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from employee having salary>1000000; # 现在不报错 ERROR 1463 (42000): Non-grouping field 'salary' is used in HAVING clause # 必须使用group by才能使用group_concat()函数,将所有的name值连接 mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post having salary > 10000; ##错误,分组后无法直接取到salary字段
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'post' in 'field list'
select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post ; #正确
小练习:
1. 查询各岗位内包含的员工个数小于2的岗位名、岗位内包含员工名字、个数
2. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资
3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000且小于20000的岗位名、平均工资
小练习答案:
# 题1: mysql> select post,group_concat(name),count(id) from employee group by post; # 造了一个虚拟表,关联了post和name mysql> select post,group_concat(name),count(id) from employee group by post having count(id)<2; #答案这一行就完事了。重在理解。#题2: mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000;
select post ,avg(salary) as A from employee group by post having A>10000; +-----------+---------------+ | post | avg(salary) | +-----------+---------------+ | operation | 16800.026000 | | teacher | 151842.901429 | +-----------+---------------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) #题3: mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 and avg(salary) <20000;
select post ,avg(salary) as A from employee group by post having A between 10000 and 20000; +-----------+--------------+ | post | avg(salary) | +-----------+--------------+ | operation | 16800.026000 | +-----------+--------------+ row in set (0.00 sec)
(5)order by 查询排序
按单列排序 SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY age; SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY age ASC; SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY age DESC; 按多列排序:先按照age升序排序,如果年纪相同,则按照id降序 SELECT * from employee ORDER BY age ASC, id DESC;
验证多加序列
验证多列排序: SELECT * from employee ORDER BY age ASC,id DESC; mysql> SELECT * from employee ORDER BY age ASC,id DESC;
小练习:
1. 查询所有员工信息,先按照age升序排序,如果age相同则按照hire_date降序排序
select * from employee order by age asc,hire_date desc; 2. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资升序排列
select post,avg(salary) as agv_ from employee group by post having agv_ >10000 order by agv_ asc;
3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资降序排列
小练习答案
# 题目1 select * from employee ORDER BY age asc,hire_date desc; # 题目2 mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 order by avg(salary) asc; #关键字优先级要熟记
+-----------+---------------+ | post | avg(salary) | +-----------+---------------+ | operation | 16800.026000 | | teacher | 151842.901429 | +-----------+---------------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) # 题目3 mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 order by avg(salary) desc; +-----------+---------------+ | post | avg(salary) | +-----------+---------------+ | teacher | 151842.901429 | | operation | 16800.026000 | +-----------+---------------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
(5)limit 限制查询的记录数:
示例: SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 3; #默认初始位置为0 SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始,即先查询出第一条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条 SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始,即先查询出第6条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
小练习:
分页显示,每页5条
小练习答案
# 第1页数据 mysql> select * from employee limit 0,5;# 第2页数据 mysql> select * from employee limit 5,5;# 第3页数据 mysql> select * from employee limit 10,5; +----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+ 小练习答案
多表查询
- 多表连接查询
- 符合条件连接查询
- 子查询
准备工作:准备两张表,部门表(department)、员工表(employee)
create table department( id int, name varchar(20) ); create table employee( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(20), sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', age int, dep_id int ); #插入数据 insert into department values (200,'技术'), (201,'人力资源'), (202,'销售'), (203,'运营'); insert into employee(name,sex,age,dep_id) values ('AA','male',18,200), ('BB','female',48,201), ('CC','male',38,201), ('DD','female',28,202), ('EE','male',18,200), ('FF','female',18,204) ; # 查看表结构和数据 mysql> desc department; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.19 sec) mysql> desc employee; +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | | sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | | | age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from department; +------+--------------+ | id | name | +------+--------------+ | 200 | 技术 | | 201 | 人力资源 | | 202 | 销售 | | 203 | 运营 | +------+--------------+ 4 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from employee;
ps:观察两张表,发现department表中id=203部门在employee中没有对应的员工,发现employee中id=6的员工在department表中没有对应关系。
一、多表连接查询
两张表的准备工作已完成,比如现在我要查询的员工信息以及该员工所在的部门。从该题中,我们看出既要查员工又要查该员工的部门,肯定要将两张表进行连接查询,多表连接查询。
重点:外链接语法
语法:
SELECT 字段列表 FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2 ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;
(1)先看第一种情况交叉连接:不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积(关于笛卡尔积的含义,大家百度自行补脑)。
mysql> select * from employee,department; # 不符合实际,需要刷选
(2)内连接:只连接匹配的行
#找两张表共有的部分,相当于利用条件从笛卡尔积结果中筛选出了匹配的结果 #department没有204这个部门,因而employee表中关于204这条员工信息没有匹配出来 mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee inner join department
on employee.dep_id=department.id;#上述sql等同于 mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,employee.sex,department.name from employee,department where
employee.dep_id=department.id;
(3)外链接之左连接:优先显示左表全部记录
#以左表为准,即找出所有员工信息,当然包括没有部门的员工 #本质就是:在内连接的基础上增加左边有,右边没有的结果 mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id; 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(4) 外链接之右连接:优先显示右表全部记录
#以右表为准,即找出所有部门信息,包括没有员工的部门 #本质就是:在内连接的基础上增加右边有,左边没有的结果 mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
(5) 全外连接:显示左右两个表全部记录(了解)
#外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果 #注意:mysql不支持全外连接 full JOIN #强调:mysql可以使用此种方式间接实现全外连接 语法:select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id union all select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id; mysql> select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id union select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id ;#注意 union与union all的区别:union会去掉相同的纪录
二、符合条件连接查询
示例1:以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且employee表中的age字段值必须大于25,即找出年龄大于25岁的员工以及员工所在的部门
select employee.name,department.name from employee,department
where employee.dep_id=department.id and age>25;
示例2:以内连接的方式查询employee和department表,并且以age字段的升序方式显示。
select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,department.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id = department.id and age > 25 order by age asc;
三、子查询
#1:子查询是将一个查询语句嵌套在另一个查询语句中。 #2:内层查询语句的查询结果,可以为外层查询语句提供查询条件。 #3:子查询中可以包含:IN、NOT IN、ANY、ALL、EXISTS 和 NOT EXISTS等关键字 #4:还可以包含比较运算符:= 、 !=、> 、<等
例子:
(1)带in关键字的子查询
#查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名 select id,name from department where id in (select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);
# 查看技术部员工姓名 select name from employee where dep_id in (select id from department where name='技术');
select dep_id,name from employee
where dep_id in
(select id from department group by id having id=200);
#查看不足1人的部门名 这道题正面不好解答,用逆向思维会容易点。
select name from department where id not in(select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having count(1)>0);
(2)带比较运算符的子查询
#比较运算符:=、!=、>、>=、<、<=、<> #查询大于所有人平均年龄的员工名与年龄 mysql> select name,age from employee where age > (select avg(age) from employee);
# 不分组也可以用聚合函数(select avg(age) from employee)
#查询大于部门内平均年龄的员工名、年龄 思路:
(1)先对员工表(employee)中的人员分组(group by),查询出dep_id以及平均年龄。
(2)将查出的结果作为临时表,再对根据临时表的dep_id和employee的dep_id作为筛选条件将employee表和临时表进行内连接。
(3)最后再将employee员工的年龄是大于平均年龄的员工名字和年龄筛选。
mysql> select t1.name,t1.age from employee as t1
inner join (select dep_id,avg(age) as avg_age from employee group by dep_id) as t2
on t1.dep_id = t2.dep_id
where t1.age > t2.avg_age;
(3)带EXISTS关键字的子查询
#EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时,内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。而是返回一个真假值。True或False #当返回True时,外层查询语句将进行查询;当返回值为False时,外层查询语句不进行查询 #department表中存在dept_id=203,Ture mysql> select * from employee where exists (select id from department where id=200); #department表中存在dept_id=205,False mysql> select * from employee where exists (select id from department where id=204); Empty set (0.00 sec)
小练习:
查询每个部门最新入职的那位员工
#创建表 create table employee( id int not null unique auto_increment, name varchar(20) not null, sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的 age int(3) unsigned not null default 28, hire_date date not null, post varchar(50), post_comment varchar(100), salary double(15,2), office int, #一个部门一个屋子 depart_id int ); #查看表结构 mysql> desc employee; +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | | | age | int(3) unsigned | NO | | 28 | | | hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | | | post | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | post_comment | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | | | salary | double(15,2) | YES | | NULL | | | office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | depart_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
小练习答案
select * from employee as t1 inner join (select post,max(hire_date) as new_date from employee group by post) as t2 on t1.post=t2.post where t1.hire_date=t2.new_date;
MySQL创建用户和授权
权限管理
select * from mysql.userG; #结构化展示账户信息
我们知道我们的最高权限管理者是root用户,它拥有着最高的权限操作。包括select、update、delete、update、grant等操作。那么一般情况在公司之后DBA工程师会创建一个用户和密码,让你去连接数据库的操作,并给当前的用户设置某个操作的权限(或者所有权限)。那么这时就需要我们来简单了解一下:
- 如何创建用户和密码
- 给当前的用户授权
- 移除当前用户的权限
如果你想创建一个新的用户,则需要以下操作:
1.进入到mysql数据库下
mysql> use mysql Database changed
2.对新用户增删改
1.创建用户(本地):
create user 'xxx'@'localhost' identified by '123'; #创建本地用户
创建用户(远程用户)
# 指定ip:192.118.1.1的mjj用户登录
create user 'xk'@'192.118.1.1' identified by '123';
# 指定ip:192.118.1.开头的mjj用户登录 c
reate user 'xk'@'192.118.1.%' identified by '123';
# 指定任何ip的mjj用户登录 create user 'xk'@'%' identified by '123';
2.删除用户 drop user '用户名'@'IP地址';
3.修改用户 rename user '用户名'@'IP地址' to '新用户名'@'IP地址';
4.修改密码 set password for '用户名'@'IP地址'=Password('新密码');
3.对当前的用户授权管理
#查看权限 show grants for '用户'@'IP地址'
+-----------------------------------------+
| Grants for xk@localhost |
+-----------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'ooo'@'localhost' |
+-----------------------------------------
#授权 mjj用户仅对db1.t1文件有查询、插入和更新的操作
grant all privileges on *.* to "xxx"@'localhost'; #本地用户授权
grant select ,insert,update on db1.t1 to "xk"@'%';
# 表示有所有的权限,除了grant这个命令,这个命令是root才有的。mjj用户对db1下的t1文件有任意操作 grant all privileges on db1.t1 to "xk"@'%'; #mjj用户对db1数据库中的文件执行任何操作 grant all privileges on db1.* to "xk"@'%'; #mjj用户对所有数据库中文件有任何操作 grant all privileges on *.* to "xk"@'%'; #取消权限 # 取消mjj用户对db1的t1文件的任意操作 revoke all on db1.t1 from 'xk'@"%"; # 取消来自远程服务器的mjj用户对数据库db1的所有表的所有权限 revoke all on db1.* from 'xk'@"%"; 取消来自远程服务器的mjj用户所有数据库的所有的表的权限 revoke all privileges on *.* from 'xk'@'%';
授权(取消权限)后一定要刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
ps:在公司中,一般情况下是DBA工程师来做这些授权工作。给你一个用户名和密码,你来连接就可以了。
4.MySql备份命令行操作
# 备份:数据表结构+数据 mysqdump -u root db1 > db1.sql -p # 备份:数据表结构 mysqdump -u root -d db1 > db1.sql -p #导入现有的数据到某个数据库 #1.先创建一个新的数据库 create database db10; # 2.将已有的数据库文件导入到db10数据库中 mysql -u root -d db10 < db1.sql -p
可视化工具Navicat的使用
- 掌握Navicat的基本使用
# PS:在生产环境中操作MySQL数据库还是推荐使用命令行工具mysql,但在我们自己开发测试时,可以使用可视化工具Navicat,以图形界面的形式操作MySQL数据库
官网下载:https://www.navicat.com/en/products/navicat-for-mysql
需要掌握基本的操作
掌握: #1. 测试+链接数据库 #2. 新建库 #3. 新建表,新增字段+类型+约束 #4. 设计表:外键 #5. 新建查询 #6. 备份库/表 #注意: 批量加注释:ctrl+?键 批量去注释:ctrl+shift+?键