• Android广播事件机制及应用


    涉及的主要内容:1) AlarmManager 和 PendingIntent 2) BroadReceiver 3) Notification and NotificationManager 

      1.Android广播事件机制 
         Android的广播事件处理类似于普通的事件处理。不同之处在于,后者是靠点击按钮这样的组件行为来触发,而前者是通过构建Intent对象,使用sentBroadcast()方法来发起一个系统级别的事件广播来传递信息。广播事件的接收是通过定义一个继承Broadcast Receiver的类实现的,继承该类后覆盖其onReceive()方法,在该方法中响应事件。Android系统中定义了很多标准的Broadcast Action来响应系统广播事件。例如:ACTION_TIME_CHANGED(时间改变时触发)。但是,我们也可以自己定义Broadcast Receiver接收广播事件。 
      2.实现简单的定时提醒功能 
         主要包括三部分部分: 
         1) 定时 - 通过定义Activity发出广播 
         2) 接收广播 - 通过实现BroadcastReceiver接收广播 
         3)   提醒 - 并通过Notification提醒用户 
         现在我们来具体实现这三部分: 
         2.1 如何定时,从而发出广播呢? 
           现在的手机都有闹钟的功能,我们可以利用系统提供的闹钟功能,来定时,即发出广播。具体地,在Android开发中可以用AlarmManager来实现。 
           AlarmManager 提供了一种系统级的提示服务,允许你安排在某个时间执行某一个服务。 
           AlarmManager的使用步骤说明如下: 
           1)获得AlarmManager实例: AlarmManager对象一般不直接实例化,而是通过Context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVIECE) 方法获得 
           2)定义一个PendingIntent来发出广播。 
           3)调用AlarmManager的相关方法,设置定时、重复提醒等功能。 
           详细代码如下(ReminderSetting.java):

    package com.Reminder;  
    import java.util.Calendar;  
      
    import android.app.Activity;  
    import android.app.AlarmManager;  
    import android.app.PendingIntent;  
    import android.content.Intent;  
    import android.os.Bundle;  
    import android.view.View;  
    import android.widget.Button;  
      
    /** 
     * trigger the Broadcast event and set the alarm 
     */  
    public class ReminderSetting extends Activity {  
          
        Button btnEnable;  
          
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
        @Override  
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
            setContentView(R.layout.main);  
              
            /* create a button. When you click the button, the alarm clock is enabled */  
            btnEnable=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnEnable);  
            btnEnable.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    setReminder(true);  
                }  
            });  
        }  
          
        /** 
         * Set the alarm  
         *  
         * @param b whether enable the Alarm clock or not  
         */  
        private void setReminder(boolean b) {  
              
            // get the AlarmManager instance   
            AlarmManager am= (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);  
            // create a PendingIntent that will perform a broadcast  
            PendingIntent pi= PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ReminderSetting.this, 0, new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class), 0);  
              
            if(b){  
                // just use current time as the Alarm time.   
                Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance();  
                // schedule an alarm  
                am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, c.getTimeInMillis(), pi);  
            }  
            else{  
                // cancel current alarm  
                am.cancel(pi);  
            }  
              
        }  
    }  
    

      2.2 接收广播 
           新建一个class 继承BroadcastReceiver,并实现onReceive()方法。当BroadcastReceiver接收到广播后,就会去执行OnReceive()方法。所以,我们在OnReceive()方法中加上代码,当接收到广播后就跳到显示提醒信息的Activity。具体代码如下( MyReceiver.java):

    package com.Reminder;  
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
    import android.content.Context;  
    import android.content.Intent;  
      
    /** 
     * Receive the broadcast and start the activity that will show the alarm 
     */  
    public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {  
      
        /** 
         * called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving an Intent broadcast. 
         */  
        @Override  
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
              
            /* start another activity - MyAlarm to display the alarm */  
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
            intent.setClass(context, MyAlarm.class);  
            context.startActivity(intent);  
              
        }  
      
    }  
    

      注意:创建完BroadcastReceiver后,需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册: 
    <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">     
           <intent-filter> 
            <action android:name= "com.Reminder.MyReceiver" /> 
        </intent-filter> 
    </receiver> 
    2.3 提醒功能 
           新建一个Activity,我们在这个Activity中通过Android的Notification对象来提醒用户。我们将添加提示音,一个TextView来显示提示内容和并一个button来取消提醒。 
          其中,创建Notification主要包括: 
           1)获得系统级得服务NotificationManager,通过 Context.getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE)获得。 
           2)实例化Notification对象,并设置各种我们需要的属性,比如:设置声音。 
           3)调用NotificationManager的notify()方法显示Notification 
          详细代码如下:MyAlarm.java

    package com.Reminder;  
    import android.app.Activity;  
    import android.app.Notification;  
    import android.app.NotificationManager;  
    import android.net.Uri;  
    import android.os.Bundle;  
    import android.provider.MediaStore.Audio;  
    import android.view.View;  
    import android.widget.Button;  
    import android.widget.TextView;  
      
    /** 
     * Display the alarm information  
     */  
    public class MyAlarm extends Activity {  
      
        /** 
         * An identifier for this notification unique within your application 
         */  
        public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID=1;   
          
        @Override  
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
             super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
             setContentView(R.layout.my_alarm);  
              
            // create the instance of NotificationManager  
            final NotificationManager nm=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);  
            // create the instance of Notification  
            Notification n=new Notification();  
            /* set the sound of the alarm. There are two way of setting the sound */  
              // n.sound=Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/alarm.mp3");  
            n.sound=Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "20");  
            // Post a notification to be shown in the status bar  
            nm.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, n);  
              
            /* display some information */  
            TextView tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.tvNotification);  
            tv.setText("Hello, it's time to bla bla...");  
              
            /* the button by which you can cancel the alarm */  
            Button btnCancel=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnCancel);  
            btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View arg0) {  
                    nm.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID);  
                    finish();  
                }  
            });  
        }  
          
    }  
    

      注:关于提示音设置(Notification.sound),可以参考:http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html 中的相关部分。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/daocaowu/p/3019743.html
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