• sql入门


    mysql管理员的用户名和密码:root root

    创建一个名称为mydb1的数据库
    create database mydb1;
    show databases;

    创建一个使用utf-8字符集的mydb2数据库。
    create database mydb2 character set utf8;

    创建一个使用utf-8字符集,并带校对规则的mydb3数据库。
    create database mydb3 character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

    查看前面创建的mydb2数据库的定义信息
    show create database mydb2;

    删除前面创建的mydb1数据库
    drop database mydb1;

    查看服务器中的数据库,并把其中某一个库的字符集修改为gb2312;
    alter database mydb2 character set gb2312;
    show create database mydb2;

    演示恢复和备份
    create database tt;
    use tt;
    create table a
    (
    name varchar(20)
    );
    insert into a(name) values('aaaa');
    select * from a;
    -----看到a表有数据

    对tt作备份操作,启动一个window命令行窗口,执行如下命令
    mysqldump -uroot -p tt>c: t.sql

    演示恢复
    1.先删除库
    drop database tt;

    2.恢复tt库(1)
    2.1 为恢复库,要先创建库 create database tt;
    2.2 再恢复tt库
    use tt;
    source c: t.sql (source:可以执行一个 sql脚本)

    3.恢复tt库(2)
    2.1 为恢复库,要先创建库 create database tt;
    2.2 恢复库 mysql -uroot -proot tt<c:1.sql; (window命令)

    创建一个员工表
    use mydb2;
    create table employee
    (
    id int,
    name varchar(40),
    sex varchar(4),
    birthday date,
    entry_date date,
    job varchar(40),
    salary decimal(8,2),
    resume text
    );

    show tables; 查看库的所有表(查看库里的表要先打开库)
    show create table employee; 查看表的创建细节
    desc employee; 看表结构


    在上面员工表的基本上增加一个image列。
    alter table employee add image blob;

    修改job列,使其长度为60。
    alter table employee modify job varchar(60);

    删除sex列
    alter table employee drop sex;

    表名改为user。
    rename table employee to user;

    修改表的字符集为utf-8
    alter table user character set utf8;

    列名name修改为username
    alter table user change column name username varchar(40);

    删除表
    drop table user;


    使用insert语句向表中插入三个员工的信息。
    rename table user to employee;
    insert into employee(id,username,birthday,entry_date,job,salary,resume) values(1,'aaa','1980-09-09','1980-09-09','bbb',90,'aaaaa');
    select * from employee;

    插入数据的细节1
    insert into employee values(1,'aaa','1980-09-09','1980-09-09','bbb',90,'aaaaa');

    插入数据的细节2
    insert into employee values('1','aaa','1980-09-09','1980-09-09','bbb','90','aaaaa');

    插入数据的细节3(插入中文)
    要告诉mysql客户采用gb2312编码
    show variables like 'chara%';
    set character_set_client=gb2312;
    insert into employee(id,username) values('3','张三');

    要想查看时不乱码
    show variables like 'chara%';
    set character_set_results=gb2312;
    select * from employee;

    将所有员工薪水修改为5000元。
    update employee set salary=5000;

    将姓名为’bbb’的员工薪水修改为3000元。
    update employee set salary=3000 where username='bbb';

    将姓名为’bbb的员工薪水修改为4000元,job改为ccc。
    update employee set salary=4000,job='ccc' where username='bbb';

    将bbb的薪水在原有基础上增加1000元。
    update employee set salary=salary+1000 where username='bbb';

    更新要注意的问题
    update employee set username='ccc',salary=9000,birthday='1980-09-09',.....................
    update where id=1;


    删除表中名称为’zs’的记录。
    delete from employee where username='bbb';

    删除表中所有记录。
    delete from employee;

    使用truncate删除表中记录。
    truncate table employee;


    查询表中所有学生的信息。
    select * from student;

    查询表中所有学生的姓名和对应的英语成绩。
    select name,english from student;

    过滤表中重复的英语数据。
    select distinct english from student;

    在所有学生总分上加10分特长分。
    select name,(chinese+english+math)+10 from student;

    统计每个学生的总分。
    select name,(chinese+english+math) from student;

    使用别名表示学生分数。
    select name as 姓名,(chinese+english+math)+10 as 总分 from student;
    select name 姓名,(chinese+english+math)+10 总分 from student;

    查询姓名为wu的学生成绩
    select * from student where name='王五';

    查询英语成绩大于90分的同学
    select * from student where english>'90';

    查询总分大于200分的所有同学
    select name from student where (chinese+english+math)>200;

    查询英语分数在 80-90之间的同学。
    select name from student where english>80 and english<90;
    select name from student where english between 80 and 90; == select name from student where english>=80 and english<=90;

    查询数学分数为89,90,91的同学。
    select * from student where math in(89,90,91);

    查询所有姓李的学生成绩。
    select * from student where name like '李%';
    select * from student where name like '李_';


    查询数学分>80,语文分>80的同学。
    select * from student where math>80 and chinese>80;

    对数学成绩排序后输出。
    select name,math from student order by math;

    对总分排序后输出,然后再按从高到低的顺序输出
    select name 姓名,(chinese+english+math) 总分 from student order by (chinese+english+math) desc;
    select name 姓名,(chinese+english+math) 总分 from student order by 总分 desc;

    对姓李的学生成绩排序输出
    select * from student where name like '李%' order by (chinese+english+math) desc;

    统计一个班级共有多少学生?
    select count(name) from student;
    select count(*) from student;

    统计数学成绩大于90的学生有多少个?
    select count(*) from student where math>80;

    统计总分大于250的人数有多少?
    select count(*) from student where (chinese+english+math)>250;

    关于 count的函数的细节 (count只统有值的行)


    统计一个班级数学总成绩?
    select sum(math) from student;

    统计一个班级语文、英语、数学各科的总成绩
    select sum(chinese),sum(english),sum(math) from student;

    统计一个班级语文、英语、数学的成绩总和
    select sum(chinese+english+math) from student;

    统计一个班级语文成绩平均分
    select sum(chinese)/count(*) from student;

    统计一个班级语文成绩平均分
    select avg(chinese) from student;

    求一个班级总分平均分
    select avg(chinese+math+english) from student;

    求班级最高分和最低分
    select max(chinese+math+english),min(chinese+math+english) from student;

    对订单表中商品归类后,显示每一类商品的总价
    select product,sum(price) from orders group by product;

    查询购买了几类商品,并且每类总价大于100的商品
    select product from orders group by product having sum(price)>100;


    定义主键约束(每一个表必须有一个主键列)
    create table student
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40)
    );

    定义主键自动增长
    create table student
    (
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(40)
    );

    定义唯一约束
    drop table student;
    create table student
    (
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(40) unique
    );

    定义非空约束
    drop table student;
    create table student
    (
    id int primary key auto_increment,
    name varchar(40) unique not null
    );

    定义外键约束
    create table husband
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40)
    );

    create table wife
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40),
    husband_id int,
    constraint husband_id_FK foreign key(husband_id) references husband(id)
    );


    一对多或多对一的对象存到数据库时,表的设计方案
    部门和员工
    create table department
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40)
    );

    create table employee
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40),
    salary decimal(8,2),
    department_id int,
    constraint department_id_FK foreign key(department_id) references department(id)
    );


    多对多对象的表的设计(老师和学生)
    create table teacher
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40),
    salary decimal(8,2)
    );

    create table student
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40)
    );

    create table teacher_student
    (
    teacher_id int,
    student_id int,
    primary key(teacher_id,student_id),
    constraint teacher_id_FK foreign key(teacher_id) references teacher(id),
    constraint student_id_FK foreign key(student_id) references student(id)
    );

    一对一的对象的数据库设计
    create table person
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40)
    );

    create table idcard
    (
    id int primary key,
    city varchar(40),
    constraint id_FK foreign key(id) references person(id)
    );


    自连接的表
    create table person
    (
    id int primary key,
    name varchar(40),
    parent_id int,
    constraint parent_id_FK foreign key(parent_id) references person(id)
    );

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dantefung/p/4696356.html
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